Land use and landscape pattern change: a linkage to the construction of the Qinghai-Xizang Highway

Based on digital land use data from 1995 to 2000 and road data, the land use and landscape changes of Golmud, Qumaleb and Zhidoi are studied on a macro-scale. Land use and landscape changes in highway buffer zones and city expansion are special subjects. A new formula is used to define the exact degree of dynamic land use. To adequately define land use and landscape pattern changes, the buffer zones, illustrating the changes at different distances from the road, are recognized with ArcGIS 8.1 software. Prominent changes took place in land use and landscape patterns from 1995 to 2000, and the area of built-up land increased by 323.8%. The comprehensive degree of dynamic land use is 2.25, and the degree of dynamic land use of built-up land is the highest, followed by cultivated land. Woodland has the lowest value. The used degree index of land resources declined by 38.8 from 1995 to 2000. Landscape changed dramatically which influenced ecological processes immensely. Different from the corridor effect of other traffic routes, the corridor effect of this section of road is not obvious and its “point” radiation effect can be easily seen. The expanding range of Golmud City is confined to a 3 km buffer, while for Wudaoliang, it is 1 km. No land use change happened in the Nanshankou buffer.

Characteristics of land use conversion in soda saline-alkali soil region of central Northeast China

Since the 1970s,the soda saline-alkali soil region,which is located in the semiarid-arid region of the central Northeast China,has experienced drastic climate variability.Meanwhile,human activities and socio-economic development have led to an increase in water consumption.These factors have brought out considerable land use change and a lot of soil salinize-alkalization.The land use types were obtained from remote sensing images interpretation based on Landsat MSS in 1970s,TM,ETM in 1990s and 2010s.The characteristics of land use conversion and its response to climate change and influence of human activities were explored in the study area during 1970-2010.The results include:(1)The land use types had changed significantly,especially farmland and grassland,with annual growth rates of 0.31% and 0.35%,respectively.In terms of the saline-alkali land,the area increased greatly during 1970-1990,and its increase was mainly from grassland.There was a decrease from 1990 to 2010,and the loss of saline-alkali was replaced by farmland and grassland.(2)Climate change in the study area is obvious,showing a trend of decreasing precipitation and increasing temperature.The change of saline-alkali land area is closely related to the precipitation,with R2=0.78,passed a passing the 0.01 significance test.(3)The correlation of land use degree index and human activity index with saline-alkali land was not obvious,and the changes in these indices only reflected the land use patterns.Under sufficient rainfall,the saline-alkali land was developed into farmland by humans,which caused the decrease of the saline-alkali land.Therefore,climate change is the main driving force of land salinization in the study area.

Development of evaluation model for intensive land use in urban centers

Starting with exptoration from the perspective of urban spaces, this research was conducted by anatyzing the functionat areas--urban centers with the most hightighted contradictions in terms of intensive land use in order to devetop an evatuation model for intensive land use in urban centers. Based on quantitative research methods, and taking into account three aspects of intensive use, i.e., buitdings, lands and traffic as wetl as muttiple evaluation factors, this paper conducted the research horizontatty by means of quantitative and comparative studies on each individual factor, devetoped the evatuation model for intensive rand use in urban centers, and anatyzed the driving forces of intensive land use from the aspects of buitdings, land use, roads, etc.

县域土地利用的地形特征分析——以陕西省户县为例

基于GIS技术，利用地形位指数和土地利用程度综合指数，探讨了陕西省户县土地利用格局的空间分布，并分析了该区地形梯度上的土地利用程度。结果表明：户县耕地、园地和建设用地在1．6地形位上的优势明显，而林地和草地的分布指数则随着地形位的升高而增大；根据地形梯度上土地利用程度的定量表达，将研究区地形位划分为3个区段：1～6、7～20和2l～25，其面积分别占研究区面积的43．44％、50．39％和6．17％。地形位指数可以综合地反映地形条件在空间分布上的差异信息；分布指数用于描述某种组分的实际分布与标准分布的差异，可以排除面积的干扰，为各种比较分析创造了条件，在此基础上对进一步合理利用户县土地资源提出了相应建议和措施。

基于GIS的岩溶区土地利用的地形梯度分布研究——以酉阳县板溪乡为例

基于 RS 和 GIS 技术,采用地形位指数、分布指数和土地利用程度综合指数,探讨了2002、2011两年重庆市酉阳县板溪乡不同地形梯度土地利用结构的变化特征和定量分析了土地利用程度。结果显示：建设用地、耕地和水域对地形条件的选择性较强；建设用地主要聚集在海拔〈850 m、坡度〈15°176;的区域,耕地主要聚集在海拔〈1050 m 和坡度〈25°176;的区域,5和7级地形位为制约水域分布的地形条件；2011年,灌木林地在海拔650-1250 m、坡度〉15°176;的区域集中增加。总体上,该研究区的土地利用程度较高,但仍然存在耕地分布不合理的现象。

厦门市土地利用演变动态及灰色预测

根据2001-2011年厦门市土地利用变更数据，采用土地利用动态模型和土地利用综合程度指数分析该市近11年来土地利用变化情况，并利用GM（1，1）模型对该市未来10年土地利用演变动态进行预测。研究表明：2001-2011年，厦门市各类土地利用变化速度各不相同，其中以交通用地、居民点与工矿用地变化速度最快分别为13.88%、6.34%，土地利用程度呈波动上升状态；预测2012-2021年厦门市耕地、园地将分别以2.92%、4.38%速度减少，其它用地则以不同程度增加，其中交通用地增加最明显为27.91%，而林地面积变化不大。

基于地形梯度的巫山县土地利用空间分布特征研究

山丘区土地利用类型的分布普遍受地形地貌影响和制约,如何突破地形限制提高土地利用程度成为亟待解决的问题。为探究不同地形差异下土地利用变化特点,以重庆市巫山县为研究区,基于2010和2017年两期土地利用现状图和DEM数据,采用地形位指数、分布指数和土地利用程度综合指数,探讨巫山县2010、2017年土地利用在各地形梯度的空间分布变化和土地利用程度。研究结果表明:2010-2017年期间,在人类活动影响下,耕地面积有较明显的减少,转化为草地与林地区域较多,草地减少迅猛,高海拔地区林地优势分布,地类倾向于单一化;研究区土地利用综合指数介于215~248之间,整体变化呈现先增加后下降趋势,且与耕地和草地利用程度相似,呈现"3带"格局;两期土地利用类型分布指数分布形态相似,土地利用程度综合指数均随地形位的增加而先增大后减少,在各地形位梯度上排序为Ⅲ>Ⅱ>Ⅳ>Ⅴ>Ⅰ>Ⅵ。

Dynamic Changes of the Bush Encroachment in Low Altitude Area of Ethiopia

Bush encroachment is widely distributed in arid and semi-arid regions, and it has a serious impact on livestock production, especially in Africa where livestock is a primary source for the livelihoods of many people. In this study, methods of supervised classification and decision tree classification, and indexes of a land use change significance index（Ci） and a single land use dynamic degree, were applied to remote sensing imagery of Ethiopia for 1986–2016. The results show the dynamic characteristics of grassland bush encroachment in low altitude areas（pastures 1500 m above sea level） of Ethiopia in the 30 year period studied. The results revealed several interesting features of this phenomenon.（1） The area of bush encroachment showed an increasing trend, with a maximum of 3.74×10^3 km^2 in 2003, which represented 68.97% of the total area, and declined slightly from 2003~2016.（2） Among classification types, the area of severe shrub grassland was the largest, accounting for 28.36–49.10% of the total area, while the area of moderate bush encroachment accounted for 9.77–16.68%, and slight bush encroachment accounted for 5.52–7.57%.（3） The expansion rate of shrubby grassland was 0.74% for the 30 year period, while the average annual expansion rate was 2.16% for the 8 years from 1995–2003.（4） Forest land and grassland were the two main land use types of shrub grassland transformation in low altitude areas and bush encroachment changed large amounts of forest land into grassland due to shrub grassland management. The results of this study provide basic data for revealing the impacts of development processes on subsequent bush encroachment and can inform better management for the sustainable development of grasslands in low altitude systems.

胶东山区县域土地利用在地形梯度上的分布特征

基于RS和GIS技术,结合地形位指数和土地利用程度综合指数,探讨了1987—2003年间山东省栖霞市土地利用结构的变化,并定量分析了该区地形梯度上的土地利用程度.结果表明:研究期间,栖霞市建设用地在低地形位上的优势明显;园地优势地形位区间的下限增加了6个地形位,由聚集分布转变成均匀分布;耕地、林地、草地、水域和未利用地优势地形位基本保持稳定.根据地形梯度上土地利用程度的定量表达,将研究区地形位划分为3个区段:1～15、16～30和31～50,其面积分别占研究区面积的49.48%、43.58%和6.94%.

基于地形梯度的土地利用格局与时空变化分析——以北京市平谷区为例

地形在一定程度上影响着土地利用变化,对土地利用空间格局的形成具有重要影响。以北京市平谷区为例,借助DEM提取高程、坡度信息,采用地形位指数、分布指数、土地利用程度综合指数系统分析平谷区1993—2008年土地利用变化的地形梯度特征,探讨地形因素对土地利用方式选择及空间格局的影响,以期为该区土地利用规划及土地资源优化布局提供决策依据。结果表明:①1993—2008年,平谷区耕地面积大幅度减少,园地、居民点及工矿用地、交通用地大幅度增加;②坡度、高程及地形位对平谷区土地利用格局及其时空变化有着重要影响。③耕地、园地、居民点及工矿用地、交通用地、水域分布的优势区间集中于低地形位区间,草地分布的优势区间集中于中地形位区间,林地、未利用地分布的优势区间集中于中高地形位区间,土地利用程度综合指数随着地形位的增加而不断下降。