Socio-economic development of countries based on the Composite Country Development Index(CCDI)

World experience indicates the existence of significant imbalances in the development of countries.The problem of assessing the rational development of the regional and national economy is becoming urgent,since such assessments can prevent development imbalances across countries.The aim of this study is to elaborate a methodology to assess the countries’socio-economic development by integraring 12 modern indices of socio-economic development into the Composite Country Development Index(CCDI).The methodology of this research was based on a set of key indices that described socio-economic development level in four fields(social development,digital development,economic development,and environmental security)and then these indices were integrated into the CCDI.The study further applied factor analysis and R-Studio software to define the gaps of social and economic development in 59 selected countries using the trigonometric function of the angle sine.The correlation analysis confirmed the existence of a close interrelation among the studied countries.This paper noted that due to the emergence of new priorities,it is necessary to revise the assessment methodology of socio-economic development level and expand them to cover the decisive factors.This was confirmed by the results obtained,demonstrating various combinations of the development level in the four fields and their impact on the CCDI.The scientific contribution of this research is to form a methodology(e.g.,the CCDI)for evaluating the socio-economic development level of countries in the world.

Progress in Research and Development of Refractory Oxide-Nonoxide Composites

Some of the progress made in our laboratories in collaboration with industry in research and development work on high performance oxide-nonoxide composites for metallurgical applications has been reviewed. （1） SiAlON bonded corundum composites for blast furnace usage have been produced by reduction-nitridation sinte-ring at high temperature, using bauxite instead of alu-mina in the matrix. （2） Low carbon Al2O3 - SiAlON slide plate materials successfully used in high quality steel continuous casting have been developed in which most or all of the graphite in Al2O3 - C brick is replaced by bauxite-based β-SiAlON. （3） A1/Si metal bonded A12 03 - C material characterized by low carbon content, low firing temperature and in-situ formation of carbides and nitrides at high temperature during service are found to possess very high hot strength and very good thermal shock resistance and have also been successfully used as slide plates in ladles and tundishes for high quality steel casting.

Modeling and Software Development of the Interfacial Transition Zone of Ellipsoidal Aggregate in Cement-Based Composites

The interfacial transition zone (ITZ) between the aggregates and the bulk paste is the weakest zone of ordinary concrete, which largely determines its mechanical and transporting properties. However, a complete understanding and a quantitative modeling of ITZ are still lacking. Consequently, an integrated modeling and experimental study were conducted. First, the theoretical calculation model of the ITZ volume fraction about the rotary ellipsoidal aggregate particles was established based on the nearest surface function formula. Its calculation programs were written based on Visual Basic 6.0 language and achieved visualization and functionalization. Then, the influencing factors of ITZ volume fraction of the ellipsoidal aggregate particles and the overlapping degree between the ITZ were systematically analyzed. Finally, the calculation models of ITZ volume fraction on actual ellipsoidal aggregate were given, based on cobblestones or pebbles particles with naturally ellipsoidal shape. The results indicate that the calculation model proposed is highly reliable.

OPTIMIZATION METHOD FOR VIRTUAL PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT BASED ON SIMULATION METAMODEL AND ITS APPLICATION

Virtual product development (VPD) is essentially based on simulation. Due tocomputational inefficiency, traditional engineering simulation software and optimization methods areinadequate to analyze optimization problems in VPD. Optimization method based on simulationmetamodel for virtual product development is proposed to satisfy the needs of complex optimaldesigns driven by VPD. This method extends the current design of experiments (DOE) by variousmetamodeling technologies. Simulation metamodels are built to approximate detailed simulation codes,so as to provide link between optimization and simulation, or serve as a bridge for simulationsoftware integration among different domains. An example of optimal design for composite materialstructure is used to demonstrate the newly introduced method.

Stand development patterns of forest cover types in the natural forests of northern Baekdudaegan in South Korea

The purpose of this study was to classify current forest cover types,and to investigate stand development patterns for natural forests in six areas in northern Baekdudaegan,South Korea.Twenty-eight independent forest communities were aggregated into eight forest cover types by species composition in the overstory of each forest community.The forest cover types were of mixed mesophytic,‘‘others’ ’ deciduous,Quercus mongolica dominant,Q.mongolica pure,Pinus densiflora–Q.mongolica,P.densiflora,Betula ermanii,and Q.mongolica–P.koraiensis.The ecological information was organized by importance value and species diversity for each forest type.Based on the correlation between species diversity index and the abundance of Q.mongolica plus P.densiflora for corresponding forest cover types,we compared the developmental process and approximate successional pathway between each cover type.The P.densiflora forest cover type changes into the P.densiflora–Q.mongolica cover type,followed by the Q.mongolica dominant cover type through continuous invasion of the oak trees.Furthermore,the Q.mongolica pure cover type would spread toward the Q.mongolica dominant cover type with a mixture of various deciduous tree species.The Q.mongolica dominant cover type progresses through the other deciduous cover types to the mixed mesophytic cover type with diversified composition and structure.On the mid to lower slopes,with loamy soils and good moisture conditions,various deciduous forest types should progress,by ecological succession,toward the mixed mesophytic cover type without any further disturbance.

Investigation of the influences of asphaltene deposition on oilfield development using reservoir simulation

This paper investigates the deposition of asphaltenes in the porous medium of the studied field in Russia and predicts production profiles based on uncertainty evaluation. This problem can be solved by dynamic modeling, during which production profiles are estimated in two scenarios: with and without the activation of the asphaltene option. Calculations are carried out for two development scenarios: field operation under natural depletion and water injection into the aquifer as a reservoir pressure maintenance system. A full-scale compositional reservoir simulation model of the Russian oilfield was created. Within a dynamic simulation, the asphaltene option was activated and the asphaltene behavior in oil and porous medium was tuned according to our own special laboratory experiments. The model was also matched to production historical data, and a pattern model was prepared using the full-scale simulation model. Technological and the asphaltene option parameters were used in sensitivity and an uncertainty evaluation. Furthermore, probable production profiles within a forecast period were estimated. The sensitivity analysis of the pattern model to input parameters of the asphaltene option allowed determining the following heavy-hitters on the objective function: the molar weight of dissolved asphaltenes as a function of pressure, the asphaltene dissociation rate, the asphaltene adsorption coefficient and the critical velocity of oil movement in the reservoir. Under the natural depletion scenario, our simulations show a significant decrease in reservoir pressure and the formation of drawdown cones leading to asphaltene deposition in the bottom-hole area of production wells, decreasing their productivity. Water injection generally allows us to significantly reduce the volume of asphaltene phase transitions and has a positive effect on cumulative oil production. Injecting water into aquifer can keep the formation pressure long above the pressure for asphaltene precipitation, preventing the asphaltene deposition resulted from interaction of oil and water, so this way has higher oil production.

Innovation and Development of Refractories for Ironmaking Industry in Sinosteel Luonai

Since China’s Reform and Opening-up,the innovation and development of refractories for ironmaking industry in Sinosteel Luonai were narrated,including silica materials,Al_(2)O_(3)-SiO_(2) refractories and non-oxide composites;and the development direction of refractories for ironmaking industry was prospected.

Research on Design Optimization Strategy in Virtual Product Development

Simulation and optimization are the key points of virtual product development (VPD). Traditional engineering simulation software and optimization methods are inadequate to analyze the optimization problems because of its computational inefficiency. A systematic design optimization strategy by using statistical methods and mathematical optimization technologies is proposed. This method extends the design of experiments (DOE) and the simulation metamodel technologies. Metamodels are built to in place of detailed simulation codes based on effectively DOE, and then be linked to optimization routines for fast analysis, or serve as a bridge for integrating simulation software across different domains. A design optimization of composite material structure is used to demonstrate the newly introduced methodology.

The Composition and Promotion Strategy of Teachers'Curriculum Development Ability in Secondary Vocational Schools

The curriculum development ability of secondary vocational school teachers is a necessary professional ability for teachers.It has important practical significance and practical value for promoting secondary vocational education curriculum and teaching reform.On the basis of analyzing the connotation and composition of curriculum development ability of teachers in secondary vocational schools,this article proposes three strategies to improve the curriculum development ability of teachers in secondary vocational schools.

Introducing Seawater from Bohai Sea to West China for Sustainable Development in the Area

Sustained and profound aridization process in north west China in Tertiary and Quaternary period and time of mankind history are discussed. The rain creased function of 3 set high mountain condensation systems in north west China is recognized once more. A sandstorm happened on 20th March 2002 in Alasan and Ejinaqi areas was very strong and arrived in Japan and Korea. For saving Alasan area from sandstorm a way of introducing sea water from Bohai to Alasan has been proposed. Four problems are replied in this paper. It is concluded that introducing sea water from Bohai to west China is the best way for sustainable development of west China.

Integration system research and development for three-dimensional laser scanning information visualization in goaf

An integration processing system of three-dimensional laser scanning information visualization in goaf was developed. It is provided with multiple functions, such as laser scanning information management for goaf, cloud data de-noising optimization, construction, display and operation of three-dimensional model, model editing, profile generation, calculation of goaf volume and roof area, Boolean calculation among models and interaction with the third party soft ware. Concerning this system with a concise interface, plentiful data input/output interfaces, it is featured with high integration, simple and convenient operations of applications. According to practice, in addition to being well-adapted, this system is favorably reliable and stable.

Effects of the long wavelength-filtered continuousspectrum on natural refractive development in juvenile guinea pigs

AIM: To investigate the effects of spectral composition and light intensity on natural refractive development in guinea pigs.METHODS: A total of 124 pigmented guinea pigs(2-week-old) were randomly assigned to three groups at high(Hi;4000 lx), medium(Me;400 lx) and low(Lo;50 lx) light intensities under a 12:12 light/dark cycle for 6 wk. Each group was subdivided into subgroups with the following spectra: broad spectrum Solux halogen light(BS), 600 nm above-filtered continuous spectrum(600F), 530 nm above-filtered continuous spectrum(530F), and 480 nm above-filtered continuous spectrum(480F;HiBS: n=10, Hi600F: n=10, Hi530F: n=10, Hi480F: n=10, MeBS: n=10, Me600F: n=10, Me530F: n=10, Me480F: n=10, LoBS: n=11, Lo600F: n=12, Lo530F: n=10, Lo480F: n=11). Refractive error, corneal curvature radius, and axial dimensions were determined by cycloplegic retinoscopy, photokeratometry, and A-scan ultrasonography before and after 2, 4, and 6 wk of treatment. Average changes from both eyes in the ocular parameters and refractive error were compared among different subgroups.RESULTS: After 6 wk of exposure, high-intensity lighting enhanced hyperopic shift;medium-and low-intensity lighting enhanced myopic shift(P<0.05). Under the same spectrum, axial increase was larger in the low light intensity group than in the medium and high light intensity groups(HiBS: 0.65±0.02 mm, MeBS: 0.67±0.01 mm, LoBS:0.82±0.02 mm;Hi600 F: 0.64±0.02 mm, Me600F: 0.67±0.01 mm, Lo600F: 0.81±0.01 mm;Hi530F: 0.64±0.02 mm, Me530F: 0.67±0.01 mm, Lo530F: 0.73±0.02 mm;Hi480F: 0.64±0.01 mm, Me480F: 0.66±0.01 mm, Lo480F: 0.72±0.02 mm;P<0.05). Under 400 lx, there was a faster axial increase in the MeBS group than in the Me480F group(P<0.05). Under 50 lx, axial length changes were significantly larger in LoBS and Lo600F than in Lo530F and Lo480F(P<0.01).CONCLUSION: Under high-intensity lighting, high light intensity rather than spectrum distributions that inhibits axial increase. Under medium-and low-intensity lighting, filtering out the long wavelength inhibits axial growth in juvenile guinea pigs.

The Development and Application of 2BDQ-8 Rice Direct Sowing Machine

[Objective] The aim was to introduce the development and application of 2BDQ-8 rice direct sowing machine and provide a theoretical basis for rice mechanization production. [Method] 2BDQ-8 rice direct sowing machine was used for the promotion test in field of several cities and counties in Jiangsu Province,and artificial rice planting and mechanization rice planting were compared to explore the production and economic situation. [Result] 2BDQ-8 rice direct sowing machine had advantages such as high efficiency and low cost,the rice direct sowing machine saved about 30% compared to the artificial rice planting and mechanization rice planting,and the overall efficiency was significant. [Conclusion] 2BDQ-8 rice sowing machine was a production technology that had low cost and high efficiency,which should be widely applied.

Criteria for Aggregating Sustainable Development Indicators as a Way of Modeling Through “Live and Work” City Index

Measuring and comparing sustainable development levels of cities,regions,and projects are an essential procedure in creating and maintaining sustainable urban futures.Introducing a new urban sustainable development assessment model:The Live and Work(LaW)City Model.As an indicator-based sustainable development indexing model,it aims to assist planners and policy makers in their decisionmaking procedures and development of cities by providing an integrated assessment framework.Several efforts were done to develop composite indicators,but it was concluded that most of them focused on environmental dimensions and neglected the overlapping of the other influential ones.The paper gives an overview of the nature and importance of composite indicators and how it can be structured and implemented precisely;overcoming its drawbacks,to gauge and rank the performance of cities across the demands of people,planet,and profit,as a way of achieving the LaW balance criteria.The methodology of the model is developed by following a set of logical steps such as weighing,normalization,and aggregation of individual indicators.From here,a functional form for aggregation was derived to compute the index.Furthermore,the structure of the model was illustrated in the form of a pie/radar chart.The visualized LaW city index has the communicative advantage of being easy to convey comparative levels of different values.The total values computed could be used to rank cities in a tabular format and gauge their comparable sustainable development performance accordingly.The model can also estimate the sustainable development outcomes of alternative development scenarios during different year’s intervals.This can be achieved by stacking up different model scenarios;making it a relatively simple exercise for both the general public and decision makers to comprehend.

Research on the Modern Music Composition Development Direction under the Digital and Computer Background

In this paper, we conduct research on modem music composition development direction under the digital and computer background. We can hear the music work, at ordinary times is the musician and sound engineer through three different stages of product created by mutual cooperation. The development of computer music has impact to the music every aspect of life, including various music creation process, cause the changes of some design principles. This change may be denied the traditional, also may be denied the traditional that is on the development of traditional principles. We integrate the concepts and principles of the digital perspective to propose our methodology on issues of computer music develooment that holds vital siznificance and meaning.

Distribution of Expenditures for Research and Development-Dynamic Analysis Based on Composite Concentration Coefficients

The dynamic analysis of distribution of expenditures for research and development aims to identify concentration tendencies in this domain.The analysis is performed by calculating composite concentration coefficients,as these coefficients allow simultaneous(synthesized)expression of existing concentrations in cases where multiple criteria for expressing concentration exist.In this work,the observation was made on a respectable sample of 52 countries in the period from 1997 to 2021.The following variables are included in the analysis:population,gross domestic product,gross domestic product per capita,gross domestic expenditure on research and development absolutely and per capita and human development index.Composite concentration coefficients were derived based on previously calculated concentration coefficients according to the criteria of population size and gross domestic product,gross domestic product per inhabitant and social development index.Calculation of composite concentration coefficients was performed by extrapolation based on standardized regression coefficients from the corresponding regression models.Based on the conducted analysis and obtained results,it can be concluded that a relatively high concentration of gross expenditures for research and development is evident,which has been significantly reduced in the observed time period.

Three-dimensional stability calculation method for high and large composite slopes formed by mining stope and inner dump in adjacent open pits

The 2D limit equilibrium method is widely used for slope stability analysis.However,with the advancement of dump engineering,composite slopes often exhibit significant 3D mechanical effects.Consequently,it is of significant importance to develop an effective 3D stability calculation method for composite slopes to enhance the design and stability control of open-pit slope engineering.Using the composite slope formed by the mining stope and inner dump in Baiyinhua No.1 and No.2 open-pit coal mine as a case study,this research investigates the failure mode of composite slopes and establishes spatial shape equations for the sliding mass.By integrating the shear resistance and sliding force of each row of microstrip columns onto the bottom surface of the strip corresponding to the main sliding surface,a novel 2D equivalent physical and mechanical parameters analysis method for the strips on the main sliding surface of 3D sliding masses is proposed.Subsequently,a comprehensive 3D stability calculation method for composite slopes is developed,and the quantitative relationship between the coordinated development distance and its 3D stability coefficients is examined.The analysis reveals that the failure mode of the composite slope is characterized by cutting-bedding sliding,with the arc serving as the side interface and the weak layer as the bottom interface,while the destabilization mechanism primarily involves shear failure.The spatial form equation of the sliding mass comprises an ellipsoid and weak plane equation.The analysis revealed that when the coordinated development distance is 1500 m,the error rate between the 3D stability calculation result and the 2D stability calculation result of the composite slope is less than 8%,thereby verifying the proposed analytical method of equivalent physical and mechanical parameters and the 3D stability calculation method for composite slopes.Furthermore,the3D stability coefficient of the composite slope exhibits an exponential correlation with the coordinated development distance,with the coefficient gradually decreasing as the coordinated development distance increases.These findings provide a theoretical guideline for designing similar slope shape parameters and conducting stability analysis.

Development of Fundamental Research of SiC_w / Al Composites in HIT Part Ⅱ: Mechanical Behaviour of Squeeze-cast SiC_w / Al Composites

Studies on the mechanical behaviour of squeeze-cast SiCw / Al composites have been revjewed. The results show that SiCw / Al composites exhibit improved mechan ical properties and cyclic hard ening. The reasons leading to the above results are discussed. Localized deformation near SiC whiskers plays an important role in the initiation of microcracks in the composites, and the fracture of the composites is caused by the abrupt linking of microcracks

Development of Production Technology of Castle Composite Materials

The application of mechanical and chemical syntheses in an high-energy vibration mill of the FESTU makes easy the process of the introduction of reinforced powders in castle composite materials on the Al basis. The obtained reinforced phases of Al-Ti-C composition have high specific Surface due to peculiarities of explosive mechanical and chemical syntheses. It increases the uniformity of their distribution in a matrix melt during the mixing process and also increases properties of castle composite materials.