The adaptability of soybean to be grown at a wide range of latitudes is attributed to natural variation in the major genes and quantitative trait loci (QTLs) that control flowering time and maturity. Thus, the ident...The adaptability of soybean to be grown at a wide range of latitudes is attributed to natural variation in the major genes and quantitative trait loci (QTLs) that control flowering time and maturity. Thus, the identification of genes controlling flowering time and maturity and the understanding of their molecular basis are critical for improving soybean productivity. However, due to the great effect of the major maturity gene E1 on flowering time, it is difficult to detect other small-effect QTLs. In this study, aiming to reduce the effect of the QTL, associated with the E1 gene, on the detection of other QTLs, we divided a population of 96 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) into two sub-populations: one with the E1 allele and another with the elns allele. Compared with the results of using all 96 recombinant inbred lines, additional QTLs for flowering time were identified in the sub-populations, two (qFT-B1 and qFT-H) in RILs with the E1 allele and one (qFT-J-2) in the RILs with the elnl allele, respectively. The three QTLs, qFT-B1, qFT-H and qFT-J-2 were true QTLs and played an important role in the regulation of growth period. Our data provides valuable information for the genetic mapping and gene cloning of traits controlling flowering time and maturity and will help a better understanding of the mechanism of photoperiod-regulated flowering and molecular breeding in soybean.展开更多
Magnesium matrix composites reinforced with AlN particles were fabricated by the powder metallurgy technique.Different mixing methods were used in this study to control the distribution of Al N particles.The microstru...Magnesium matrix composites reinforced with AlN particles were fabricated by the powder metallurgy technique.Different mixing methods were used in this study to control the distribution of Al N particles.The microstructure,thermal diffusivity and thermal expansion of the Mg–Al/Al N composites using different mixing methods were investigated.The results showed that the intergranular and intragranular distributions of Al N particles were obtained,respectively,by controlling the mixing methods.The composite with intragranular particles exhibited lower thermal diffusivity because of the existences of more interfaces,defects and grain boundaries,which acted as scattering centers and reduced the mean free path of electrons and phonons.The existence of Al N particles lowered the coefficient of thermal expansion(CTE)and enhanced the dimensional stability of the composites.And the use of the improved mixing method further reduced the CTE of Mg–Al/Al N composites.展开更多
The on-chip fabrication of a carbon nanoparticle-chitosan composite membrane (i.e. a sorbent membrane or a mixed matrix membrane) using laminar flow-based interfacial deprotonation technology was presented in this p...The on-chip fabrication of a carbon nanoparticle-chitosan composite membrane (i.e. a sorbent membrane or a mixed matrix membrane) using laminar flow-based interfacial deprotonation technology was presented in this paper. In addition, the effects of carbon nanoparticles and reactant flow rates on membrane formation were investigated. Finally, the permeability and adsorption capacities of the membrane were discussed. During fabrication, an acidic chitosan solution and a basic buffer solution that contained carbon nanoparticles were introduced into a microchannel. At the flow interface, a freestanding composite membrane with embedded carbon nanoparticles was formed due to the deprotonation of the chitosan molecules. The membrane growth gradually stopped with time from upstream to downstream and the thickness of the membrane increased rapidly and then slowly along the reactant flow direction. The formation of the membrane was divided into two stages. The average growth rate in the first stage was significantly larger than the average growth rate in the second stage. Carbon nanoparticles in the basic solution acted as nucleating agents and made the membrane formation much easier. As the flow rate of the chitosan solution increased, the averaged membrane thickness and the membrane hydraulic permeability initially increased and then decreased. Because of the addition of carbon nanoparticles, the formed membrane had adsorption abilities. The carbon nanoparticle-chitosan composite membrane that was fabricated in this study could be employed for simultaneous adsorption and dialysis in microdevices in the future.展开更多
基金partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31430065, 31571686, 31201222 and 31371643)the Open Foundation of the Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Chinese Academy of Sciences+5 种基金the “Hundred Talents” Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciencesthe Strategic Action Plan for Science and Technology Innovation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDA08030108)the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province, China (ZD201001, JC201313)the Research and Development of Applied Technology Project, Harbin, China (2014RFQYJ055)the Scientific Research Foundation for Returned Chinese Scholars of Heilongjiang Province, China (LC201417)the Science Foundation for Creative Research Talents of Harbin Science and Technology Bureau, China (2014RFQYJ046)
文摘The adaptability of soybean to be grown at a wide range of latitudes is attributed to natural variation in the major genes and quantitative trait loci (QTLs) that control flowering time and maturity. Thus, the identification of genes controlling flowering time and maturity and the understanding of their molecular basis are critical for improving soybean productivity. However, due to the great effect of the major maturity gene E1 on flowering time, it is difficult to detect other small-effect QTLs. In this study, aiming to reduce the effect of the QTL, associated with the E1 gene, on the detection of other QTLs, we divided a population of 96 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) into two sub-populations: one with the E1 allele and another with the elns allele. Compared with the results of using all 96 recombinant inbred lines, additional QTLs for flowering time were identified in the sub-populations, two (qFT-B1 and qFT-H) in RILs with the E1 allele and one (qFT-J-2) in the RILs with the elnl allele, respectively. The three QTLs, qFT-B1, qFT-H and qFT-J-2 were true QTLs and played an important role in the regulation of growth period. Our data provides valuable information for the genetic mapping and gene cloning of traits controlling flowering time and maturity and will help a better understanding of the mechanism of photoperiod-regulated flowering and molecular breeding in soybean.
文摘Magnesium matrix composites reinforced with AlN particles were fabricated by the powder metallurgy technique.Different mixing methods were used in this study to control the distribution of Al N particles.The microstructure,thermal diffusivity and thermal expansion of the Mg–Al/Al N composites using different mixing methods were investigated.The results showed that the intergranular and intragranular distributions of Al N particles were obtained,respectively,by controlling the mixing methods.The composite with intragranular particles exhibited lower thermal diffusivity because of the existences of more interfaces,defects and grain boundaries,which acted as scattering centers and reduced the mean free path of electrons and phonons.The existence of Al N particles lowered the coefficient of thermal expansion(CTE)and enhanced the dimensional stability of the composites.And the use of the improved mixing method further reduced the CTE of Mg–Al/Al N composites.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province,China(No.1408085ME96)the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China(No.20133402120033)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(No.WK2100000001)
文摘The on-chip fabrication of a carbon nanoparticle-chitosan composite membrane (i.e. a sorbent membrane or a mixed matrix membrane) using laminar flow-based interfacial deprotonation technology was presented in this paper. In addition, the effects of carbon nanoparticles and reactant flow rates on membrane formation were investigated. Finally, the permeability and adsorption capacities of the membrane were discussed. During fabrication, an acidic chitosan solution and a basic buffer solution that contained carbon nanoparticles were introduced into a microchannel. At the flow interface, a freestanding composite membrane with embedded carbon nanoparticles was formed due to the deprotonation of the chitosan molecules. The membrane growth gradually stopped with time from upstream to downstream and the thickness of the membrane increased rapidly and then slowly along the reactant flow direction. The formation of the membrane was divided into two stages. The average growth rate in the first stage was significantly larger than the average growth rate in the second stage. Carbon nanoparticles in the basic solution acted as nucleating agents and made the membrane formation much easier. As the flow rate of the chitosan solution increased, the averaged membrane thickness and the membrane hydraulic permeability initially increased and then decreased. Because of the addition of carbon nanoparticles, the formed membrane had adsorption abilities. The carbon nanoparticle-chitosan composite membrane that was fabricated in this study could be employed for simultaneous adsorption and dialysis in microdevices in the future.