Consolidation of high replacement ratio stone column-reinforced ground:Analytical solutions incorporating clogging effect

The utilization of stone columns has emerged as a popular ground improvement strategy,whereas the drainage performance can be adversely hampered by clogging effect.Despite the ample progress of calculation methods for the consolidation of stone column-improved ground,theoretical investigations into the clogging effect have not been thoroughly explored.Furthermore,it is imperative to involve the column consolidation deformation to mitigate computational error on the consolidation of composite ground with high replacement ratios.In this context,an analytical model accounting for the initial clogging and coupled time and depth-dependent clogging of stone columns is established.Then,the resulting governing equations and analytical solutions are obtained under a new flow continuity relationship to incorporate column consolidation deformation.The accuracy and reliability of the proposed model are illustrated by degradation analysis and case studies with good agreements.Subsequently,the computed results of the current study are juxtaposed against the existing models,and an in-depth assessment of the impacts of several crucial parameters on the consolidation behavior is conducted.The results reveal that ignoring column consolidation deformation leads to an overestimate of the consolidation rate,with maximum error reaching up to 16%as the replacement ratio increases.Furthermore,the initial clogging also has a significant influence on the consolidation performance.Additionally,the increment of depth and time-clogging factors a and b will induce a noticeable retardation of the consolidation process,particularly in the later stage.

Consolidation analysis of composite foundation with partially penetrated cement fly-ash gravel(CFG) piles under changing permeable boundary conditions

Based on the double-layered foundation theory, the composite ground with partially penetrated cement fly-ash gravel(CFG) piles was regarded as a double-layered foundation including the surface reinforced area and the underlying untreated stratum. Due to the changing permeability property of CFG piles, the whole consolidation process of the composite ground with CFG piles was divided into two stages, i.e., the early stage(permeable CFG pile bodies) and the later stage(impermeable pile bodies). Then, the consolidation equation of the composite foundation with CFG piles was established by using the Terzaghi one-dimensional consolidation theory. Consequently, the unified formula to calculate the excess pore water pressure was derived with the specific solutions for the consolidation degree of composite ground, reinforced area and underlying stratum under instant load obtained respectively. Finally, combined with a numerical example, influencing rules by main factors(including the replacement rate m, the treatment depth h1, the permeability coefficient Ks1, Kv2 and compression modulus Es1, Es2 of reinforced area and underlying stratum) on the consolidation property of composite ground with CFG piles were discussed in detail. The result shows that the consolidation velocity of underlying stratum is slower than that of the reinforced area. However, the consolidation velocity of underlying stratum is slow at first then fast as a result of the transferring of effective stress to the underlying stratum during the dissipating process of excess pore water pressure.

Microstructure and properties of submicron-scale TiC particle reinforced titanium matrix composites prepared by shock wave consolidation

Submicron-scale TiC particle reinforced titanium matrix composites(TMCs) were prepared by shock wave consolidation technique at detonation speed of 2 5005 000 m/s. The microstructures were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The compressive strength and hardness values of the composites were also determined. The results show that the composites have higher compressive yield strength and hardness values than hot-rolled pure titanium. Twins in the microstructure of TMCs show that titanium particles undergo plastic deformation during consolidation process. The fine grains with size less than 1 μm often locate in the boundaries among the titanium particles. TiC particles seem to keep unchanged during the consolidation. These bring about the increase in strength and hardness for the composites. The detonation speed of 3 200 m/s is proper parameter for compacting powder in the present work.

Influence of deformation passes on interface of SiC_p/Al composites consolidated by equal channel angular pressing and torsion

Powder mixture of pure Al and oxidized Si C was consolidated into 10%（mass fraction） Si Cp/Al composites at 250 °C by equal channel angular pressing and torsion（ECAP-T）. The valence states of Si for Si C particulates and Al for the as-consolidated composites were detected by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy（XPS）. The interfacial bondings of the composites were characterized by scanning electron microscopy（SEM）. The elements at the interface were linearly scanned by energy dispersive spectroscopy（EDS） and the EDS mappings of Si and Al were also obtained. The values of the nanohardness at different positions within 2 μm from the boundary of Si C particulate were measured. The results show that after ECAP-T, interfacial reaction which inhibits injurious interfacial phase occurs between Al and the oxide layer of Si C, and the element interdiffusion which can enhance interfacial bonding exists between Al and Si C. As ECAP-T passes increase, the reaction degree is intensified and the element interdiffusion layer is thickened, leading to the more smooth transition of the hardness from Si C to Al.

Microstructural Characteristics of Underwater Shock Consolidated Aluminum Composites

Metal matrix composites (MMCs) offer extra strength and high temperature capabilities in comparison with unrein-forced metals. Aluminum composites possess higher stiffness, strength, fatigue properties and low weight advantages. Carbon fiber reinforced Al composites (Al-Cf) and silicon carbide particulate reinforced Al composites (AI-SiCp) were shock densified using axisymmetric assemblies for underwater explosions. Unidirectional planar shock waves were applied to obtain uniform consolidation of the composites. The energy generator was a high explosive of 6.9 km/s detonation velocity. Irregular morphological powders of Al were the base material. The reinforcement ratio was 15 Vol. pet for Al-Cf composites and 30 Vol. pet for AI-SiCp composites. The microstructural and the strength characteristics of the shock consolidated Al composites are reported.

Consolidation behavior of cement—and lime／cement—mixed column foundations

The consolidation behavior of mixed in place cement and lime/cement mixed column was studied. Consolidation of the composite foundation was modeled as a three dimensional axi symmetric problem. The authors used the finite difference method to obtain the pore pressure variation with time at any location below the surface. A computer program developed by the authors was used to draw some interesting conclusions about the consolidation behaviors of cement and lime/cement mixed pile foundation. Finally, a combined model including the permeability coefficients of cement mixed piles and soil, was studied and its feasibility was evaluated.

Formation of interfacial Al-Ce-Cu-W amorphous layers in aluminum matrix composite through thermally driven solid-state amorphization

Interfacial Al-Ce-Cu-W amorphous layers formed through thermally driven solid-state amorphization within the(W+Ce O2)/2024 Al composite were investigated.The elemental distributions and interfacial microstructures were examined with an electron probe microanalyzer and a high-resolution transmission electron microscope,respectively.The consolidation of composites consisted of two thermal processes:vacuum degassing(VD)and hot isostatic pressing(HIP).During consolidation,not only the three major elements(Al,W,and Ce)but also the alloying elements(Mg and Cu)in the Al matrix contributed to amorphization.At VD and HIP temperatures of 723 K and763 K,interfacial amorphous layers were formed within the composite.Three diffusion processes were necessary for interfacial amorphization:(a)long-range diffusion of Mg from the Al matrix to the interfaces during VD;(b)long-range diffusion of Cu from the Al matrix to the interfaces during HIP;(c)short-range diffusion of W toward the Al matrix during HIP.The newly formed interfacial Al-Ce-Cu-W amorphous layers can be categorized under the Al-Ce-TM(TM:transition metals)amorphous system.

碎石桩复合地基非等应变非线性固结特性分析

现有碎石桩复合地基固结理论通常基于等应变假设,与工程实际情况有出入。基于分段线性差分法,建立了一种考虑非等应变刺入修正和任意桩土非线性本构关系的碎石桩复合地基非线性固结模型。该模型可以考虑桩土自重、涂抹区、井阻效应和变荷载,可以计算碎石桩向垫层或下卧层的刺入并对等应变假设进行修正,可以分析桩土附加应力沿深度方向的衰减,以及任意的非线性压缩性及渗透性关系。与工程实测数据对比发现,考虑非等应变修正的模型计算值与工程实测值基本吻合。结合算例分析,进一步研究了垫层及下卧层模量、桩土竖向应力衰减和应力路径对碎石桩复合地基土体固结特性的影响,结果表明:碎石桩向垫层或下卧层刺入使复合地基桩土应力比减小、沉降量增大、固结速率减缓;忽略桩土竖向应力衰减虽对固结速率影响不大,但会高估复合地基沉降变形;不同应力路径对碎石桩复合地基固结特性影响显著,简化的土层压缩性关系将对分析结果带来较大误差。

碎石桩-排水板组合型复合地基固结解析解

碎石桩-排水板组合型复合地基以成本低、固结速率快及加固效果好等优势被广泛应用于工程实际。虽然目前竖井地基或碎石桩复合地基固结理论已较为完善,但同时包含以上两种排水体的复合地基固结理论还鲜见报道。此外,以往固结模型中土体内孔隙水在径向仅发生单向渗流,这与实际情况存在差别。基于此,以碎石桩-排水板组合型复合地基为研究对象,考虑外荷载作用下土中孔隙水分别向碎石桩和排水板发生径向渗流,在复合地基顶面排水、底面不透水条件下建立碎石桩-排水板复合地基固结模型。利用桩体、桩周土体和竖井间流量相等的连续条件,获得该模型的解析解答。在一定条件下,该解答可退化为碎石桩复合地基固结解或竖井地基固结解,表明该解答的普适性及正确性。将该解答应用于工程实例及室内模型试验的沉降计算,计算结果与实测值吻合较好。开展大量计算研究此类复合地基不同工况下的固结性状,结果表明:在碎石桩桩间打设排水板,能有效提高复合地基固结速率,复合地基固结速率随排水板数量增加而加快;排水板渗透系数对复合地基固结速率及沉降速率的影响较大;与传统复合地基技术相比,碎石桩桩间增设排水板的工法具有更好的经济价值。

高置换率散体材料桩-不透水桩组合型复合地基非线性固结解析研究

为加快固结排水速率并提高地基承载力,组合型复合地基加固技术被广泛应用于地基改良工程,而目前关于此类复合地基的非线性固结理论研究很少。通过对数模型来描述土体的非线性固结特征,并考虑桩-土压缩模量比随固结的变化,建立了散体材料桩-不透水桩复合地基非线性固结解析模型。此外,为减小研究高置换率复合地基固结时产生的计算误差,对传统假定进行修正,并引入新的流量连续性关系来考虑散体材料桩的固结变形。综合考虑散体材料桩井阻效应、桩体施工扰动效应和土体内径-竖向渗流,基于等应变假设和达西定律,推导了该模型的固结控制方程及其解析解。通过参数敏感性分析对复合地基非线性固结特性进行研究,分析了不同荷载形式下各参数对固结性状的影响。此外,与现有模型展开比较研究,并与实测数据进行对比分析,验证了该解答的正确性。结果表明:忽略散体材料桩的桩体固结变形会高估复合地基的固结速率,随着桩体置换率的增加,计算误差最大可达10.5%;当压缩指数C_(c)小于渗透指数C_(kh(v))时,不考虑土体的非线性特征会低估地基固结速率;C_(c)/C_(kv)的变化对固结速率的影响很小,与C_(c)/C_(kh)相比可以忽略不计;施工场地布置越密集、桩-土压缩模量比越大、散体材料桩渗透系数越大或扰动区半径越小,均会导致地基固结加快。

深厚欠固结软土悬浮桩复合地基固结沉降

沿海填土地区通常存在软土地基,其中软土层较厚,土壤欠固结现象普遍存在。这导致了诸如承载力不足、固结周期长、沉降量大等问题。为改善欠固结软土地基的低承载能力问题,依托珠海南湾大道悬浮桩地基工程,采用Flac3D有限差分计算软件建立复合地基模型,并将计算结果与短期监测数据进行比对,以验证模型的准确性。对深厚欠固结软土悬浮桩复合地基的沉降变形特征、孔隙水压力消散特征以及土体有效应力增长过程进行了研究。研究结果表明:模型的计算结果与监测数据基本吻合,数值模型能够准确反映饱和软土复合地基的固结和沉降特征,为深厚欠固结软土地基的道路施工提供了理论参考。

考虑变井阻的多元复合地基固结理论研究

该文以塑料排水板联合水泥搅拌桩多元复合地基为研究对象,通过假定排水板的渗透系数随时间呈指数型衰减,考虑了排水板在固结过程中的淤堵效应对地基固结性状的影响。同时,该文还考虑排水板的涂抹效应、水泥搅拌桩的扰动效应以及土体的径-竖向耦合渗流,推导得出多元复合地基的固结控制方程及其解答。通过与已有解答和现场试验的对比分析,验证该文解答的正确性。最后,采用参数敏感性分析法对多元复合地基固结性状进行研究。研究结果表明:复合地基井阻因子θ对固结后期影响较大,当θ值较大时,径向渗流由于排水板的淤堵效应将提前终止,最终仅由竖向渗流使得地基达到完全固结;初始渗透系数k_0越大,井阻因子θ越小,涂抹作用越弱,板和桩的置换率越高,复合地基固结速率就越快。

暖艾疗法治疗非器质性失眠症临床疗效探究

目的:分析探究暖艾疗法(一种聚能复合雷火灸新技术)治疗非器质性失眠症的临床疗效。方法:回顾性分析2023年2月至2023年6月就诊于广州市增城区中医医院中医传统疗法门诊(中医特色护理门诊)的非器质性失眠症患者60例,按治疗方法差异分为观察组和对照组,各30例。对照组患者使用丹参枣仁安神汤(中药自拟方)加减治疗,观察组患者予暖艾疗法+丹参枣仁安神汤(中药自拟方)加减治疗。比较两组患者治疗4周后临床疗效和匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)评分。结果:治疗后两组患者PSQI总分均低于治疗前,且治疗后观察组患者PSQI总分低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组患者治疗总有效率为86.67 %,高于对照组的60.00 %,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:暖艾疗法具有良好的安神固元、温中开郁、缓解焦虑、改善脏腑功能、帮助睡眠的作用,治疗非器质性失眠症效果显著,无不良反应,患者易接受。

修正等应变假定下均匀开孔透水管桩复合地基固结解析解

复合地基是一种有效且应用广泛的软土地基处理技术,而开孔透水管桩综合了散体材料桩的透水性与黏结材料桩高承载力的优点,是地基处理中增强体的新选择。据此,为研究透水管桩复合地基的固结特性,在考虑桩体向褥垫层和下卧层发生刺入的前提下对传统等应变假定进行了修正,并引入半透水边界作为桩土界面排水条件,在此基础上推导了桩身均匀开孔下土体固结的微分方程和求解条件,综合考虑了不同的附加应力分布形式以及扰动效应。利用有限正弦傅里叶变换等方法,求解了土体内部超静孔压、地基沉降及固结度的解析表达式,并通过退化分析和有限差分解的对比,验证了本文解答的正确性。最后,通过算例分析系统探究了开孔率、开孔半径、地基附加应力分布形式、扰动效应以及垫层和下卧层的压缩模量对地基固结特性的影响。结果表明:相比于传统管桩,透水管桩对加快桩周土内超静孔压的消散有着显著的效果;具体为开孔率越高、开孔半径越小,则桩侧土内超静孔压消散越快;与此同时,附加应力呈倒三角分布且不考虑扰动效应时地基固结速率最快;此外,增加垫层和下卧层的压缩模量也可以提升地基固结速率。本文的研究结果可为透水管桩技术的推广和工程设计提供一定的理论依据。

多元排水体复合地基固结解析模型和解答

目前对多元复合地基的研究大多以排水桩联合不排水桩的形式为主,对具有不同排水能力的排水体相结合形成的多元排水体复合地基固结的理论研究几乎为空白。鉴于此,以碎石桩联合塑料排水板加固软土地基形成的多元排水体复合地基为研究对象,基于等应变假设,考虑桩体径、竖向渗流与土体径向渗流,建立了多元排水体复合地基的径向双向渗流固结解析模型,推导了瞬时荷载下各孔压和固结度的解析解答,并经退化分析与实测对比验证了解的合理性。对多元排水体复合地基的固结性状进行了研究分析,结果表明:相较于单一排水体复合地基,多元排水体复合地基可显著加快地基固结;对大直径桩体,不考虑桩体径向渗流会高估复合地基固结度;由于土中水具有双向流,多元排水体复合地基中土体孔压沿径向呈先增后减的趋势,其峰值径向坐标随深度会逐渐偏向塑料排水板,随着固结进行,该趋势逐渐减弱。

道路固结与换填复合地基处理加固施工技术

根据道路施工现场地基情况,提出道路固结与换填复合地基处理加固施工技术,即采用水泥搅拌桩结合骨料换填相结合的方式,同时介绍有限元软件计算交接处变形方法,总结不同深度的搅拌桩和不同厚度的骨架换填。克服因道路沿线地质厚度及地层参数连续变化而造成的路基承载力不足的问题,在保证应用该技术处理后地基承载能满足设计及相关规范要求的前提下,达到降低施工成本的目的。

含有机质土渗透特性的研究

为了研究含有机质土的渗透特性,通过在蒙脱石、伊利石和高岭土中添加泥炭,分别配置了6组不同有机质含量的矿质土样。利用固结-渗透联合试验的结果,分析了固结压力、孔隙比、干密度、有机质含量及矿物成分对含有机质土渗透特性的影响。试验结果表明:随着固结压力、干密度、有机质含量的增加以及孔隙比的减小,渗透系数整体呈下降的规律。其关系可分为2个阶段:显著下降阶段及平缓下降阶段。在显著下降阶段,渗透系数随固结压力的变化幅度可达37%~78%;干密度、有机质含量提高1%,孔隙比降低1%,渗透系数分别降低1%~4%、2%~6%及1%~11%。在平缓下降阶段,渗透系数随固结压力的变化幅度为8%~11%;干密度、有机质含量提高1%,孔隙比降低1%,渗透系数分别降低0.2%~0.8%、0.5%~0.6%及0.9%~1.8%。矿物成分对土渗透特性的影响较大,3种矿质土的渗透系数由大到小为伊利石>高岭土>蒙脱石。

Consolidation solution for composite foundation considering a time-and depth-dependent stress increment along with three distribution patterns of soil permeability

In actual engineering practice,the stress increment within a composite foundation caused by external loads may vary simultaneously with depth and time.In addition,column installation always leads to a decay of soil permeability towards the column.However,almost none of the consolidation theories for composite foundation comprehensively consider these factors until now.For this reason,a stress increment due to external loads changing simultaneously with time and depth was incorporated into the analysis,and three possible variation patterns of soil's horizontal permeability coefficient were considered to account for the detrimental influence of column installation.These three patterns included a constant distribution pattern(Pattern I),a linear distribution pattern(Pattern II),and a parabolic distribution pattern(Pattern III).Solutions were obtained for the average excess pore water pressures and the average degree of consolidation respectively.Then several special cases were discussed in detail based on the general solution obtained.Finally,comparisons were made,and the results show that the present solution is the most general rigorous solution in the literature,and it can be broken down into a number of previous solutions.The consolidation rate is accelerated with the increase in the value of the top to the bottom stress ratio.The consolidation rate calculated by the solution for Pattern I is less than that for Pattern II,which in turn is less than that for Pattern III.

Effect of ECAP consolidation temperature on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-Cu-Ti metallic glass reinforced aluminum matrix composite

Al;Cu;Ti;metallic glass（AMG） reinforced Al matrix composites were consolidated by equal channel angular pressing（ECAP） process. The effects of ECAP consolidation temperature ranging from room temperature to just below the first crystallization temperature of metallic glass on the consolidation of composites were investigated in terms of the relative densities, structural evolutions and mechanical properties of composites. Some intermetallic compounds included Al;CuTi;, Al;Ti and Al;Cu;precipitated from metallic glass particles at consolidation temperature of 300?C. Consolidation temperature did not affect the matrix grains size of the composite. Quantitative analysis revealed that the distribution of reinforcing particles was considerably dependent on consolidation temperature. Density of the composite was increased by increasing the consolidation temperature to 250?C. The composite consolidated at250?C through ECAP process, exhibited the best combination of yield strength and ductility of 184 MPa and 48%, respectively.