High Cr white cast iron/carbon steel bimetal liner by lost foam casting with liquid-liquid composite process

Liners in wet ball mill for mineral processing industry must bear abrasive wear and corrosive wear, and consequently,the service life of the liner made from traditional materials,such as Hadfield steel and alloyed steels,is typically less than ten months.Bimetal liner,made from high Cr white cast iron and carbon steel,has been successfully developed by using liquid-liquid composite lost foam casting process.The microstructure and interface of the composite were analyzed using optical microscope,SEM,EDX and XRD.Micrographs indicate that the boundary of bimetal combination regions is staggered like dogtooth,two liquid metals are not mixed,and the interface presents excellent metallurgical bonding state.After heat treatment,the composite liner specimens have shown excellent properties,including hardness>61 HRC,fracture toughnessα k >16.5 J·cm-2 and bending strength >1,600 MPa.Wear comparison was made between the bimetal composite liner and alloyed steel liner in an industrial hematite ball mill of WISCO,and the results of eight-month test in wet grinding environment have proved that the service life of the bimetal composite liner is three times as long as that of the alloyed steel liner.

Study on Treatment of the Pesticide Wastewater by the Composite Process of Biological Active Carbon Filter-Fluid Bed

[ Objectlve] The research aimed to study treatment effect of the pesticide wastewater by the composite process of biological active car- bon filter-fluid bed. [Method] The composite process of biological active carbon filter- fluid bed was applied to treat the mixed pesticide wastewater. The removal efficiencies of CODcr, BODs, NH3-N, SS and the influence factors were investigated. [ Result] The composite process had good treatment efficiency for pesticide wastewater. After running stably, the average removal rates of CODc,, BODs, NH3-N and SS were re- spectively 91.6%, 96.2%, 90.2% and 87.5%. All indices reached the third level cdteda specified in Comprehensive Standard of the Sewage Dis- charge （DB12/356-2008）. [ Conclusionl The whole system operates reliably and simply, and provides a stable, convenient and economical solu- tion for deep treatment of the mixed pesticide wastewater.

Spray Atomized and Codeposited Al-Li Based Metal-matrix Composites Processing and Properties

In spray atomization and codeposition, a molten stream of metal is disintegrated into a fine dispersion of droplets by high velocity gas jets. The resulting semi-solidified droplets are directed towards a substrate where they impact and collect as rapidly solidified splats. Relatively high rates of solidification are achieved as a result of the thinness of the splats and the rapid heat extraction during flight and upon impacting with the substrate. The processing method uses codeposition of the metallic semi-solidified droplets (metallic matrix) with the injected reinforcement ceramic particles. In the present paper, the microstructures, mechanical properties, interfacial properties, thermal stability and aging behaviour of spray atomized and codeposited Al-Li-X MMC's (injected X=SiC, Al2O3) are reported and correlated to the processing conditions.

Deformation Processed Cu-15 wt pct Cr Composite Synthesized by Hot Hydrostatic Extrusion of Mechanical Milled Powders

A novel technique was developed for the preparation of Cu-15 wt pct Cr composite with high strength and conductivity. The composite powders with refined microstructure and curly lamellae strengthening phase was first prepared by mechanical milling in favorite milling time and then were hot hydrostatic extruded after pre-densification with sintering or hot pressing. It was shown that the extrusion densified the composite powders well and at the same time the chaos curled strengthening phase was aligned into lines and further deformed as strengthening ribbons. The deformation processed Cu-15 wt pct Cr composite prepared by this technique is of superior conductivity, strength and thermal stability.

Synthesis and characterization of Fe_3O_4@SiO_2 magnetic composite nanoparticles by a one-pot process

Fe3O4@SiO2 core–shell composite nanoparticles were successfully prepared by a one-pot process. Tetraethyl-orthosilicate was used as a surfactant to synthesize Fe3O4@SiO2 core–shell structures from prepared Fe3O4 nanoparticles. The properties of the Fe3O4 and Fe3O4@SiO2 composite nanoparticles were studied by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The prepared Fe3O4 particles were approximately 12 nm in size, and the thickness of the SiO2 coating was approximately 4 nm. The magnetic properties were studied by vibrating sample magnetometry. The results show that the maximum saturation magnetization of the Fe3O4@SiO2 powder（34.85 A·m^2·kg^–1） was markedly lower than that of the Fe3O4 powder（79.55 A·m^2·kg^–1）, which demonstrates that Fe3O4 was successfully wrapped by SiO2. The Fe3O4@SiO2 composite nanoparticles have broad prospects in biomedical applications; thus, our next study will apply them in magnetic resonance imaging.

Experimental Study of Monitoring and Controlling of Composite Cure Process in Autoclave Featured with Fiber Optic Sensor

With the aid of the latest fiber optic sensing technology parameters in the cure process of ther- mosetting resin-matrix composite, such as temperature, viscosity,void and residual stress, can be monitored entirely and efficiently.In this paper, experiment results of viscosity measurement in composite cure process in autoclave using fiber optic sensors are presented. Based on the sensed information, a computer program is utilized to control the cure process. With this technology, the cure process becomes more apparent and controllable, which will greatly improve the cured products and reduce the cost.

PREPARATION AND CORROSION RESISTANCE OF NiP/TiO_2 COMPOSITE FILM ON CARBON STEEL IN SULFURIC ACID SOLUTION

A NiP/TiO2 composite film on carbon steel was prepared by electroless plating and sol-gel composite process. An artificial neural network was applied to optimize the prepared condition of the composite film. Corrosion behavior of the NiP/TiO2 composite film was investigated by polarization resistance measurement, anode polarization, ESEM （environmental scanning electron microscopy） and EIS （electrochemical impedance spectroscopy） measurements. Results showed that the NiP/ TiO2 composite film has a good corrosion resistance in 0.5mol/L H2SO4 solution. The element valence of the composite film was characterized by XPS （X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy） spectrum, and an anticorrosion mechanism of the composite film was discussed.

Coordination-theoretic approach to modelling grid service composition process

A grid service composite process is made up of complex coordinative activities.Developing the appropriate model of grid service coordinative activities is an important foundation for the grid service composition.According to the coordination theory,this paper elaborates the process of the grid service composition by using UML 2.0,and proposes an approach to modelling the grid service composition process based on the coordination theory.This approach helps not only to analyze accurately the task activities and relevant dependencies among task activities,but also to facilitate the adaptability of the grid service orchestration to further realize the connectivity,timeliness,appropriateness and expansibility of the grid service composition.

Composite T-Process Regression Models

Process regression models,such as Gaussian process regression model(GPR),have been widely applied to analyze kinds of functional data.This paper introduces a composite of two T-process(CT),where the first one captures the smooth global trend and the second one models local details.TheCThas an advantage in the local variability compared to general T-process.Furthermore,a composite T-process regression(CTP)model is developed,based on the composite T-process.It inherits many nice properties as GPR,while it is more robust against outliers than GPR.Numerical studies including simulation and real data application show that CTP performs well in prediction.

Formation of TiO2 Modified Film on Carbon Steel

A new technique for preparing TiO2 modified film on carbon steel was accomplished by electroless plating and sol-gel composite process. The artificial neural network was applied to optimize the preparing condition of TiO2 modified film. The optimized condition for forming TiO2 modified film on carbon steel was that NiP plating for 50 min, dip-coating times as 4, heat treatment time for 2 h, and the molar ratio of complexing agent and Ti(OC4HZ9)4 kept 1.5:1. The results showed that TiO2 modified film have good corrosion resistance. The result conformed that it is feasible to design the preparing conditions of TiO2 modified film by artificial neural network.

Modification and Anticorrosion Property of Carbon Steel with TiO_2 Film

A new TiO2 modified film on carbon steel was prepared by electroless plating and sol gel composite process. An artificial neural net was used to optimize the preparing condition of the film. The optimized condition of the TiO2-modified film on carbon steel is as follows： plating time of NiP is 50 min, number of dip coating is 4, heat treatment time is 2 h, and the molar ratio of complexing reagent to Ti（OC4 H9）4 is 1.5 ： 1. Corrosion behavior of carbon steel with coating was investigated by polarization resistance measurement, anode polarization, EIS and ESEM measurement. XPS was used to characterize the element valence of the modified film. Results show that carbon steel with TiO2 modified film has good corrosion resistance in 0.5 mol/L of H2SO4 solution and 0.5 mol/L of NaCl solution. It is also found that the preparing condition of forming TiO2-modified film can be obtained easily by the artificial neural net.

Preparation of blast furnace burdens by composite agglomeration process: effect of distribution of magnetite and hematite concentrates in pelletized and matrix feed

Effect of distribution of iron concentrates between pelletized and matrix feed on the preparation of blast furnace burdens from two different kinds of fine iron concentrates (magnetite and hematite) by composite agglomeration process (CAP) was explored. It was found that when the mass ratio of iron concentrate A (magnetite) to iron concentrate B (hematite) in the mixed feed was constant, the proportion of iron concentrate A in the pelletized and matrix feed significantly affected the quality of CAP products. Particularly, as the proportion of iron concentrate A in the pelletized feed increased from 0 to 100%, the yield decreased from 82.11% to 79.19% and the tumbler index decreased from 71.33% to 68.27%. The mineralization characterization results indicated that when 100% iron concentrate A was used as the pelletized feed, the crystallization styles of the outer layer and the inner layer of the pellet were different, and a lot of pores exist around hematite and magnetite phases in the pelletized part, with the weak connection of pelletized and matrix part, resulting in poor strength of agglomeration product.

Preparation and characteristics of nano-crystalline Cu-Ce-Zr-O composite oxides via a green route: supercritical anti-solvent process

The nano-crystalline Cu-Ce-Zr-O composite oxides were successfully prepared by the supercritical anti-solvent （SAS） process. The physicochemical properties and catalytic performances were investigated by X-ray diffraction （XRD）, Raman spectroscopy, H2 temperature-programmed reduction （H2 -TPR）, oxygen storage capacity （OSC） measurement and catalytic activity evaluation. It was found that Cu2＋ ions incorporated into CeO2 -ZrO2 lattice to form Cu-Ce-Zr-O solid solution associated with the formation of oxygen vacancies. The Cu-Ce-Zr-O catalysts prepared via the SAS process with the Cu content 2.63 mol.% showed the highest OSC index of 636.9 μmol/g. Compared with the samples prepared by impregnation method, Cu doping using SAS process could improve the dispersion of Cu2＋ in the composite oxide, enhance the interaction between Cu2＋ and CeO2-ZrO2 , improve the reducibility of catalyst, and thus improve the OSC performance and increase the catalytic activity for CO oxidation at low temperature.

Semisolid-rolling and annealing process of woven carbon fibers reinforced Al-matrix composites

Semisolid-rolling method was successfully developed to prepare the Ni-coated woven carbon fibers reinforced Al-matrix composite. Due to the appropriate matrix flowability and rolling pressure, the Al-matrix could infiltrate into the woven fibers sufficiently and attach to the reinforcements closely forming a smooth interface. The rolling speed of 4 rad/min offered a subtle equilibrium between the heat transfer and the material deformation. The covering matrix should be controlled at semisolid state to provide a better infiltration behavior and a protective effect on the carbon fibers. With the addition of fibers, an improvement for more than 25% was obtained in the bending strength of the materials. Furthermore, the woven carbon fibers could strengthen the composite in multiple directions, rather than only along the fiber longitudinal directions. The annealing process promoted the Ni coating to react with and to diffuse into the matrix, resulted in an obvious increase of the bending strength.

Anisotropic NdFeB/SmCoCuFeZr composite bonded magnet prepared by warm compaction process

Anisotropic NdFeB/SmCoCuFeZr composite bonded magnets were prepared by warm compaction process. The effects of adding SmCoCuFeZr magnetic powder on the properties of anisotropic bonded NdFeB magnet were investigated in this work. The results show that, both magnetic properties and temperature stability of the bonded magnet can be improved by adding fine SmCoCuFeZr magnetic powder. In the present study, the optimal content of SmCoCuFeZr magnetic powder was about 20 wt.%, in this case, the Br, Hcj, and（BH）maxof the NdFeB/SmCoCuFeZr composite magnet achieved 0.943 T, 1250 kA/m, and168 kJ/m^3, respectively.

Solution-based processing of carbon nitride composite for boosted photocatalytic activities

Graphite-phase polymeric carbon nitride （CN） was reported to be a promising material in photoelectrochemical solar energy conversion. However, its high recombination rate of photogenerated carriers limits its potential applications. In this article, a heterojunction of CN and sulfur-doped CN （CNS） was constructed through a solution-based processing way. Interestingly, it was observed that the photocatalytic hydrogen production of the as-prepared composite was 32.6 times higher than that of bulk carbon nitride and 2.3 times higher than that of the composites by conventional impregnating method. This study opens a new avenue to construct heterojunction of CN for large-scale industrial applications in environmental remediation.

Chemical Composition of Some Saline Lakes in the Tuva Region(Russia)

1 Introduction Salt lakes are very interesting natural objects which can be found in different places in the world.Russia is not an exception.Climate conditions are various in Russia,but the climate is not very hot.In Russia there are a lot of places where salt lakes are spread.One of them is the Tuva region where lakes with different compositions are

Advanced electrode processing of lithium ion batteries:A review of powder technology in battery fabrication

Lithium ion batteries have achieved extensive applications in portable electronics and recently in electronic vehicles since its commercialization in 1990s.The vast applications of lithium ion batteries are not only derived from the innovation in electrochemistry based on emerging energy materials and chemical engineering science,but also the technological advances in the powder technologies for electrode processing and cell fabrication.Revealing the effects of powder technology on electrode microstructure evolution during electrode processing is with critical value to realize the superior electrochemical performance.This review presents the progress in understanding the basic principles of the materials processing technologies for electrodes in lithium ion batteries.The impacts of slurry mixing and coating,electrode drying,and calendering on the electrode characteristics and electrochemical performance are comprehensively analyzed.Conclusion and outlook are drawn to shed fresh lights on the further development of efficient lithium ion batteries by advancing powder technologies and related advanced energy materials.

Simple Fabrication and Characterization of Discontinuous Carbon Fiber Reinforced Aluminum Matrix Composite for Lightweight Heat Sink Applications

The constant increase in power and heat flux densities encountered in electronic devices fuels a rising demand for lightweight heat sink materials with suitable thermal properties.In this study,discontinuous pitch-based carbon fiber reinforced aluminum matrix（Al-CF） composites with aluminum–silicon alloy（Al–Si） were fabricated through hot pressing.The small amount of Al–Si contributed to enhance the sintering process in order to achieve fully dense Al–CF composites.A thermal conductivity and CTE of 258 W/（m K） and 7.0 9 10-6/K in the in-plane direction of the carbon fibers were obtained for a（Al95 vol%＋ Al–Si5 vol%）-CF50 vol%composite.Carbon fiber provides the reducing of CTE while the conservation of thermal conductivity and weight of Al.The achieved CTEs satisfy the standard requirements for a heat sink material,which furthermore possess a specific thermal conductivity of 109 W cm3/（m K g）.This simple process allows the low-cost fabrication of Al–CF composite,which is applicable for a lightweight heat sink material.