In-situ additive manufacturing of high strength yet ductility titanium composites with gradient layered structure using N_(2)

It has always been challenging work to reconcile the contradiction between the strength and plasticity of titanium materials.Laser powder bed fusion(LPBF) is a convenient method to fabricate innovative composites including those inspired by gradient layered materials.In this work,we used LPBF to selectively prepare Ti N/Ti gradient layered structure(GLSTi)composites by using different N_(2)–Ar ratios during the LPBF process.We systematically investigated the mechanisms of in-situ synthesis Ti N,high strength and ductility of GLSTi composites using microscopic analysis,TEM characterization,and tensile testing with digital image correlation.Besides,a digital correspondence was established between the N_(2) concentration and the volume fraction of LPBF in-situ synthesized Ti N.Our results show that the GLSTi composites exhibit superior mechanical properties compared to pure titanium fabricated by LPBF under pure Ar.Specifically,the tensile strength of GLSTi was more than 1.5times higher than that of LPBF-formed pure titanium,reaching up to 1100 MPa,while maintaining a high elongation at fracture of 17%.GLSTi breaks the bottleneck of high strength but low ductility exhibited by conventional nanoceramic particle-strengthened titanium matrix composites,and the hetero-deformation induced strengthening effect formed by the Ti N/Ti layered structure explained its strength-plasticity balanced principle.The microhardness exhibits a jagged variation of the relatively low hardness of 245 HV0.2 for the pure titanium layer and a high hardness of 408 HV0.2 for the N_(2) in-situ synthesis layer.Our study provides a new concept for the structure-performance digital customization of 3D-printed Ti-based composites.

Functionally graded structure of a nitride-strengthened Mg_(2)Si-based hybrid composite

The ex-situ incorporation of the secondary SiC reinforcement,along with the in-situ incorporation of the tertiary and quaternary Mg_(3)N_(2) and Si_(3)N_(4) phases,in the primary matrix of Mg_(2)Si is employed in order to provide ultimate wear resistance based on the laser-irradiation-induced inclusion of N_(2) gas during laser powder bed fusion.This is substantialized based on both the thermal diffusion-and chemical reactionbased metallurgy of the Mg_(2)Si–SiC/nitride hybrid composite.This study also proposes a functional platform for systematically modulating a functionally graded structure and modeling build-direction-dependent architectonics during additive manufacturing.This strategy enables the development of a compositional gradient from the center to the edge of each melt pool of the Mg_(2)Si–SiC/nitride hybrid composite.Consequently,the coefficient of friction of the hybrid composite exhibits a 309.3%decrease to–1.67 compared to–0.54 for the conventional nonreinforced Mg_(2)Si structure,while the tensile strength exhibits a 171.3%increase to 831.5 MPa compared to 485.3 MPa for the conventional structure.This outstanding mechanical behavior is due to the(1)the complementary and synergistic reinforcement effects of the SiC and nitride compounds,each of which possesses an intrinsically high hardness,and(2)the strong adhesion of these compounds to the Mg_(2)Si matrix despite their small sizes and low concentrations.

Study on Treatment of the Pesticide Wastewater by the Composite Process of Biological Active Carbon Filter-Fluid Bed

[ Objectlve] The research aimed to study treatment effect of the pesticide wastewater by the composite process of biological active car- bon filter-fluid bed. [Method] The composite process of biological active carbon filter- fluid bed was applied to treat the mixed pesticide wastewater. The removal efficiencies of CODcr, BODs, NH3-N, SS and the influence factors were investigated. [ Result] The composite process had good treatment efficiency for pesticide wastewater. After running stably, the average removal rates of CODc,, BODs, NH3-N and SS were re- spectively 91.6%, 96.2%, 90.2% and 87.5%. All indices reached the third level cdteda specified in Comprehensive Standard of the Sewage Dis- charge （DB12/356-2008）. [ Conclusionl The whole system operates reliably and simply, and provides a stable, convenient and economical solu- tion for deep treatment of the mixed pesticide wastewater.

Surface flow constructed wetland with composite plant bed for pretreatment of micro-polluted Yellow River raw water in China

In order to investigate the feasibility of pretreating the micro-polluted Yellow River raw water by constructed wetland, an experiment was conducted using a surface flow constructed wetland with composite plant bed. The contamination removal efficiency and their trends in the wetland treatment system were studied under different hydraulic loading rates(HLR). The contamination removal efficiencies were compared according to the seasonal change under optimum HLR. The result shows that in the same season, under different hydraulic loadings ranging from 2 to 6 m3/(m2·d) at the same period, the best HLR is 4 m3/(m2·d) in the experimental system. The average removal rates of COD, TN, ammoniacal nitrogen(NH4+-N), and TP in the constructed wetland are 38.37%, 45.97%, 39.86% and 41.69%, respectively. According to China Standard for Surface Water Resources (GB3838-2002), mean effluent of COD, TN, NH4+-N and TP can nearly reach Grade Ⅲ, GradeⅤ, GradeⅠand GradeⅠ, respectively. Furthermore, treatment efficiency of the system in summer is obvious higher than that in other seasons. The expenditure of constructing the constructed wetland with the average treating capacity of 176 m3/d and lifetime of 20 years is 17075.00 RMB. The average disposal cost is summed up to 0.17 RMB/m3, which shows that the pretreatment of the micro-polluted Yellow River raw water by constructed wetland is feasible.

Screening of Composite Microbial Agents for Promoting the Decomposition of Aging Dunnage

To explore the influence of microbial agems on the decomposition of aging dunnage of the fermentation bed, this paper took the aging dunnage as the raw materials, obtained microbial strains of different types through isolation and purification, chose dominant groups to make compound microbial agents, and adopted composting decomposition experiment. The results showed that Bacillus subtilis of different ratios was added, Trichoderma koningii and Thermo actinomycetaceac could promote the decomposition of aging dunnage, especially composite microbial agents （Kc：Kn：Gf = 1：1：1 ） had the best effect of decomposition, the high tem- perature was kept for 13 days. In the end of composting, degradation rate of cellulose, degradation rate of lignin, GI, and C/N were 47.6%, 30. 2%, 98.5%, and 18.5%. Bacillus coli was not detected.

Laser powder bed fusion of a novel high strength quasicrystalline Al–Fe–Cr reinforced Al matrix composite

Quasicrystal(QC)-reinforced metal matrix composites fabricated by rapid solidification present promising new opportunities to develop high-strength alloys with multiple functions.In this research,specially designed Al–Fe–Cr samples possessing an Al–Fe–Cr quasicrystal-reinforced Al matrix structure were manufactured using a laser powder bed fusion(LPBF)process.Based on the optimized process parameters of laser scanning speed and hatch distance,an almost dense(99.8%)free-crack sample was obtained with the multiscaled heterogenous structure induced by the nonuniform rapid solidification in a single molten pool.The results show that nanosized Al–Fe–Cr quasicrystalline particles of different sizes are heterogeneously distributed in theα-Al columnar grain structure.In detail,the coarseflower-like and spherical QC particles can be observed at the molten pool boundary,and thefine spherical Al–Fe–Cr QC is located inside the laser fusion zone.The orientation relationship between the Al matrix and the icosahedral Al–Fe–Cr QC is as follows:Al[
112]||i5 with a semicoherency feature.The novel designed LPBF-processed Al–Fe–Cr alloy exhibits high mechanical strength due to the ultrafine multireinforced microstructure-induced Orowan strengthening effect.For instance,the ultimate tensile strength,yield strength and elongation of the sample processed with LPBF are 530.803.19 MPa,395.066.44 MPa,and 4.16%0.38%,respectively.The fractographic analysis shows that the fracture mechanism presents a combination of ductile‒brittle fracture.

Tuning heterogeneous microstructures to enhance mechanical properties of nano-TiN particle reinforced Haynes 230 composites by laser powder bed fusion

Laser powder bed fusion(LPBF)is considered to be one of the most promising additive manufacturing technologies for producing components with geometries and high geometrical precision that are unattainable by traditional technologies.The superalloy exhibits exceptional mechanical and high-temperature performances,rendering it a prime candidate for advanced aero-engine applications.Despite the high demand for LPBF-manufactured superalloys,the superalloy is one of the materials manufactured difficultly by LPBF due to their large laser absorptivity fluctuation,poor molten pool stability and sharp temperature gradient.Hence,superalloys are characterized by severe pores,undesirable coarse columnar grains and poor mechanical properties.In this work,the effect of nano-TiN particles on defects,molten pool characteristics and microstructure and performance of the composites were investigated.The 4.5 wt%TiN/Haynes230 samples exhibited exceptional nanohardness and elastic modulus with maximum values reaching 5.53 GPa and 240.03 GPa,respectively.These superior mechanical properties were attributed to the combined effects of spatter and gas pore inhibition,grain refinement and duplex nanophases strengthening.Moreover,the stability of molten pool was enhanced,and spatter was effectively suppressed by adding nano-TiN particles,while grain refinement and columnar to equiaxed transitions were promoted.Furthermore,the matrix exhibited a high dislocation density due to a significant hindrance of dislocation movement caused by massive nano-phases(e.g.,TiN and M_(23)C_(6)),resulting in the formation of extensive dislocation tangles and rings.This work offers novel insights into the role of nanoparticles reinforced superalloy composites by LPBF.

海相细粒沉积成因机制与有机质富集模式研究进展

综合分析了国内外细粒沉积的特征、成因及有机质富集模式研究进展。海相细粒沉积主要由黏土矿物、石英、碳酸盐矿物和有机质组成,受风力、异轻流、重力流和底流4大搬运营力作用,发育泥纹层和粉砂纹层2类纹层,单一型、顺序型和交互型3类纹层组(层系),块状层、递变层和交互层3类层(层组)。海相细粒沉积发育浊流沉积、底流沉积及远洋-半远洋沉积3种主要沉积相类型及其过渡类型。海相细粒沉积有机质存在高生产力和强保存2种富集模式,高生产力富集模式下黑色页岩主要通过“上升洋流”、“氧含量最低值区(OMZ)”和“近岸透光带缺氧(PZE)”模式形成高有机质富集,强保存富集模式下黑色页岩主要通过“受限盆地”、“改进的受限盆地”、“不规则底形”、“水洼扩张”、“海侵化变层”和“近岸海侵(TN)”模式形成高有机质富集。目前海相细粒沉积成因机制与相模式研究存在的主要问题包括名词术语不规范、不同矿物成分成因不明确,以及细粒浊流沉积、等深流沉积和半远洋沉积难以区分,需要今后进一步研究解决。

CFG桩复合地基附加应力场研究

CFG桩复合地基具有提高承载力、减小变形和成本低等优势,在地基处理中得到广泛应用。然而,实际工程案例表明,现行规范中常用的沉降计算方法与实测值存在较大差距,其中一个主要原因是对附加应力场分布规律了解不足。结合北京海淀某住宅项目案例,现场进行单桩复合地基静载荷试验,进一步使用Midas GTS/NX有限元软件对CFG桩复合地基进行建模分析,得到了复合地基整体附加应力场的分布规律,并研究了桩径、褥垫层厚度与附加应力场的变化规律。这些结果对于理解CFG桩复合地基受力机理并指导设计具有重要意义。

激光粉末床熔融成形金刚石增强铝基复合材料

添加质量分数3%金刚石颗粒并利用激光粉末床熔融技术制备6061铝基复合材料。采用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪、电子密度计、电子式万能试验机对3%金刚石/6061铝基复合材料的微观组织、相对密度和拉伸性能进行了表征与分析。结果表明:金刚石与Al基体反应生成了针状Al4C3相,并沉积在α-Al基体上,导致晶界位错密度增加,强度提高,抗失效能力增强。金刚石的添加促使6061铝基体中热裂纹消失,但存在孔洞缺陷。较低的扫描速度增加了激光光斑与被加工材料接触的时间,导致金刚石颗粒部分石墨化,铝基体部分蒸发,进而形成内部缺陷,降低了复合材料的相对密度(97%)。金刚石的加入显著提高了激光粉末床熔融技术成形金刚石/6061铝基复合材料的抗拉强度,当激光功率为350 W、扫描速度为800 mm·s-1时,复合材料的极限抗拉强度达到最大值244.2 MPa,屈服强度211.6 MPa,伸长率2.1%。

柠檬酸改性球形活性炭对氨气吸附性能的影响

以沥青基球形活性炭为载体,采用等体积浸渍法将不同浓度的柠檬酸负载到活性炭孔隙内。通过固定床动态吸附装置评价柠檬酸改性活性炭对氨气吸附性能的影响。采用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪、傅里叶变换红外光谱和氮气吸脱附对改性前后活性炭的理化特性进行表征分析。结果表明,当柠檬酸负载量为60%(质量分数)时,改性活性炭对氨气的吸附性能最佳,氨气防护时间为194min,单位活性炭的氨气吸附容量为42.8mg/mL(66.8mg/g),是未改性活性炭吸附容量的24倍;吸附剂的总比表面积和孔体积以及pH都随着柠檬酸负载量的增加不断减小,其中微孔的比表面积和孔体积与柠檬酸负载量的相关系数R2分别为0.9944和0.9842;柠檬酸的利用率随着负载量的增加不断减少,氨气与柠檬酸反应生成柠檬酸铵,产物主要沉积在微孔内,微孔对氨气吸附至关重要。

动载作用下复合岩体力学失稳机制与损伤本构模型研究

为探究不同层理倾角复合岩体的动载响应特性,利用WDW-300E伺服压力试验机和分离式霍普金森压杆(split Hopkinson pressure bar,SHPB)试验系统对不同层理倾角的复合岩体进行压缩试验和动态冲击试验,基于静载结果对比了动力冲击下复合岩煤(rock coal,R-C)和复合煤岩(coal rock,C-R)的动态强度、能量耗散以及破坏模式。考虑到介质弹性模量和强度的非均质性,通过二次开发得到弹性损伤本构模型,最后建立了考虑复合岩体宏细观损伤的本构模型。试验、模拟和理论分析结果表明:在静载条件下随着层理角度的增加,复合岩体应力峰值表现出明显倒U型变化,其弹性模量逐渐增加而峰值应变在逐渐减小。动载作用下复合岩体R-C和C-R峰值应力、应变和能量耗散值随着角度的增加均表现为先减小后增大,复合岩体R-C的应力、能量耗散值和弹性模量值大于复合岩体C-R,而复合岩体R-C的应变值普遍小于复合岩体C-R。在动载冲击作用下复合岩体在层理倾角为0°和90°时破坏形式主要为劈裂拉伸,吸能率较高破碎块度相对较小,在30°、45°和60°则主要为剪切和拉伸混合破坏,吸能率较低破碎块度相对较大。利用弹性损伤本构模型再现了不同层理倾角下复合岩体内部损伤过程和能量演化。构建了同时考虑复合岩体宏细观损伤的本构模型,其与试验和模拟结果均可以较好地吻合,验证了构建模型的正确性。

铁基颗粒吸附剂固定床处理含砷地下水的中试研究

以农村地区的As污染地下水为处理对象,研发了同步去除水中As(Ⅲ)和As(Ⅴ)的铁基颗粒吸附剂(FMGA),设计并建立了以吸附固定床为核心单元的中试除As装置,对As污染地下水的处理效果进行研究。结果表明:在33 d的连续运行过程中,除As装置出水As浓度始终低于GB 5749—2022《生活饮用水卫生标准》规定限值(10μg/L),吸附固定床首次运行的穿透时间达到786 h;使用0.2 mol/L的Na OH溶液对吸附剂进行原位再生后,吸附固定床再次运行的穿透时间仍可达到750 h,其除As性能的恢复率接近91%;除As装置的出水浊度接近于0,Fe、Mn离子浓度均低于GB 5749—2022的限值(Fe浓度为0.3mg/L,Mn浓度为0.1 mg/L),FMGA可高效再生回用且无二次污染。吸附动力学表明,FMGA吸附As的过程符合准二级动力学模型,As通过化学吸附被去除;吸附等温线表明,FMGA对As的理论最大吸附容量为74.94 mg/g(pH为7.0)。通过表征研究可知,FMGA最大荷载为89.39 N,具有出色的机械强度。

Microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti-6Al-4V-5% hydroxyapatite composite fabricated using electron beam powder bed fusion

A novel, Ti-6 Al-4 V(Ti64)/Hydroxyapatite(HA at 5% by weight concentration) metal/ceramic composite has been fabricated using electron beam powder bed fusion(EPBF) additive manufacturing(AM): specifically, the commercial electron beam melting(EBM?) process. In addition to solid Ti64 and Ti64/5% HA samples, four different unit cell(model) open-cellular mesh structures for the Ti64/5% HA composite were fabricated having densities ranging from 0.68 to 1.12 g/cm^3, and corresponding Young's moduli ranging from 2.9 to 8.0 GPa, and compressive strengths ranging from ~3 to 11 MPa. The solid Ti64/5%HA composite exhibited an optimal tensile strength of 123 MPa, and elongation of 5.5% in contrast to a maximum compressive strength of 875 MPa. Both the solid composite and mesh samples deformed primarily by brittle deformation, with the mesh samples exhibiting erratic, brittle crushing. Solid, EPBF-fabricated Ti64 samples had a Vickers microindentation hardness of 4.1 GPa while the Ti64/5%HA solid composite exhibited a Vickers microindentation hardness of 6.8 GPa. The lowest density Ti64/5%HA composite mesh strut sections had a Vickers microindentation hardness of 7.1 GPa. Optical metallography(OM) and scanning electron microscopy(SEM) analysis showed the HA dispersoids to be highly segregated along domain or grain boundaries, but homogeneously distributed along alpha(hcp) platelet boundaries within these domains in the Ti64 matrix for both the solid and mesh composites. The alpha platelet width varied from ~5 μm in the EPBF-fabricated Ti64 to ~1.1 m for the Ti64/5%HA mesh strut. The precursor HA powder diameter averaged 5 μm, in contrast to the dispersed HA particle diameters in the Ti64/5%HA composite which averaged 0.5 m. This work highlights the use of EPBF AM as a novel process for fabrication of a true composite structure, consisting of a Ti64 matrix and interspersed and exposed HA domains, which to the authors' knowledge has not been reported before. The results also illustrate the prospects not only for fabricating specialized, novel composite bone replacement scaffolds and implants, through the combination of Ti64 and HA, but also prospects for producing a variety of related metal/ceramic composites using EPBF AM.

川西南公路顺层边坡桩锚组合结构加固分析——以乐西高速ZK9+352~ZK9+526边坡为例

四川盆地周边地形地质条件复杂,公路建设中顺层边坡的工程病害频现。通过工程地质分析和数值计算,基于滑面损伤本构模型,研究顺层边坡支护前后滑面应力、位移和边坡稳定性系数等特征量的变化规律,验证桩锚组合结构加固顺层边坡的适用性;通过施工全周期现场监测,获取边坡深部位移、抗滑桩桩身弯矩和锚索应力的时效特征。结果表明:开挖扰动下顺层边坡具渐进性失稳破坏特征;自坡脚沿滑面向后缘,位移呈指数型平滑递减,剪应力先增大后降低,滑面损伤变量自剪应力峰值位置开始同频衰减;采用桩锚组合结构加固顺层边坡后,滑面位移最大值降低88.62%,最大损伤变量降低84.75%,稳定系数提高25.20%;坡体深部位移、抗滑桩桩身弯矩、锚索应力等监测验证了桩锚组合结构加固的有效作用。

长纤维抗裂复合封层机行走与撒(洒)布系统协同控制

为解决长纤维抗裂复合封层机在作业过程中出现的撒(洒)布不均匀问题,提出了一种模糊分数PID协同控制方法,采用分数阶PID控制器,实现了长纤维抗裂复合封层机行走与撒布系统的协同控制。结合模糊控制规则,对分数阶PID参数进行了在线实时优化,提升了系统的整体控制性能。通过Simulink仿真实验,对比了该方法与传统PID控制器的综合性能。结果表明:所提控制器在行走和撒布过程中的响应速度、超调量及稳态误差等方面均显著优于传统PID控制器;并通过实车试验平台,对所提控制方法进行了试验验证,成功实现了长纤维抗裂复合封层机行走过程中纤维、沥青、碎石的协同控制,为长纤维抗裂复合封层机的行走与撒(洒)布系统协同控制领域提供了新的研究思路。

Cracking behavior of newly-developed high strength eutectic high entropy alloy matrix composites manufactured by laser powder bed fusion

A novel AlCoCrFeNi2.1 eutectic high entropy alloy(EHEA)composite doped with SiC particles was designed and fabricated by laser powder bed fusion(LPBF).Its microstructure characteristic,tensile properties,and metallurgical defects,with an emphasis on cracking behavior,have been investigated.The results showed that the addition of SiC particles into the AlCoCrFeNi_(2.1)matrix enabled the development of a{100}texture and highly elongated columnar grains,which were the main contributors to mechanical behavior anisotropy.The ultimate tensile strength of 1466±26 MPa and elongation of 9%±3%achieved in the as-deposited EHEA composite surpassed those of advanced metal alloys subjected to additive manufacturing processes.Unfortunately,severe horizontal and longitudinal cracks,as well as a few micro-cracks were observed in the as-deposited bulk samples.Micro-cracks were verified to be associated with the aggregation of carbon and oxide particles.They formed in the final stage of solidification owing to insufficient liquid feeding ability and solidification contraction.The formation of macroscopic cracking was induced by the tensile stress accumulations at sample edges,and the stress concentration areas where microcracks and pores were located were the predominant propagation location.This work provides guidelines for defect control in SiC-reinforced EHEA,assisting in the high-performance design and integrated manufacturing of EHEA composite components.

Toughening additive manufactured Zr-based bulk metallic glass composites by martensite phase transformation

Additive manufacturing technology based on laser powder bed fusion(LPBF)offers a novel approach for fabricating bulk metallic glass(BMG)products without restriction in size and geometry.Nevertheless,the BMGs prepared by LPBF usually suffered from less plasticity and poorer fracture toughness as compared to their cast counterparts due to partial crystallization in heat-affected zones(HAZs).Since crystallization in HAZs is hard to avoid completely in LPBF BMGs,it is desirable to design a suitable alloy system,in which only ductile crystalline phase,instead of brittle intermetallics,is formed in HAZs.This unique structure could effectively increase the toughness/plasticity of the LPBF BMGs.To achieve this goal,a quaternary BMG system with a composition of Zr_(47.5)Cu_(45.5)Al_(5)Co_(2)is adopted and subjected to LPBF.It is found that nearly a single phase of B_(2)-ZrCu is precipitated in HAZs,while a fully amorphous phase is formed in molten pools(MPs).This B_(2)phase reinforced BMG composite exhibits excellent mechanical properties with enhanced plasticity and toughness.Furthermore,it is easy to modulate the mechanical properties by altering the amount of the B_(2)phase via adjusting the laser energy input.Finally,the best combination of strength,plasticity,and notch toughness is obtained in the BMG composite containing 27.4%B_(2)phase and 72.6%amorphous phase,which exhibits yield strength(σ_(s))of 1423 MPa,plastic strain(ε_(p))of 4.65%,and notch toughness(K_(q))of 53.9 MPa m 1/2.Furthermore,a notable strain-hardening is also observed.The improvement of plasticity/toughness and appearance of strain-hardening behavior are mainly due to the martensite phase transformation from the B_(2)phase to the Cm phase during plastic deformation(i.e.,the phase transformation-induced plasticity effect).The current work provides a guide for making advanced BMGs and BMG composites by additive manufacturing.

太阳能供暖用蓄热-散热复合型睡床热特性研究

为了研究太阳能在蓄热和建筑供暖方面的应用,设计了一种新型的集蓄热与散热于一体的复合型睡床,其特征是在床下设置蓄热水箱并在水箱上表面与床板之间设置可启闭的水平空气层。对复合型睡床进行动态热特性和影响因素研究。结果显示:(1)基本条件下(水箱尺寸长为2 m、宽为1.2 m、高为0.3 m,水箱表面温度35℃,床板与水箱之间的水平空气层厚度为20 mm),睡床总散热量为289.8 W,其中水箱上表面散热占比47.6%,侧面散热占比52.4%。床板上表面温度为21.1℃;(2)睡床总散热量随着水平空气层厚度的增加而增加,床板上表面温度随着水平空气层厚度的增加而降低,水平空气层厚度由20 mm升至50 mm时,总散热量增加了36.0%,床板上表面温度降低了2.1℃;(3)睡床总散热量与床板上表面温度均随着水箱表面发射率的增加而增加,水箱表面发射率由0.3升至0.9时,总散热量增加了30.5%,床板上表面温度提高了0.8℃。

Synchrotron Characterisation of Ultra-Fine Grain TiB_(2)/Al-Cu Composite Fabricated by Laser Powder Bed Fusion

Isotropy in microstructure and mechanical properties remains a challenge for laser powder bed fusion(LPBF)processed materials due to the epitaxial growth and rapid cooling in LPBF.In this study,a high-strength TiB_(2)/Al-Cu composite with random texture was successfully fabricated by laser powder bed fusion(LPBF)using pre-doped TiB_(2)/Al-Cu composite powder.A series of advanced characterisation techniques,including synchrotron X-ray tomography,correlative focussed ion beam-scanning electron microscopy(FIB-SEM),scanning transmission electron microscopy(STEM),and synchrotron in situ X-ray diffraction,were applied to investigate the defects and microstructure of the as-fabricated TiB_(2)/Al-Cu composite across multiple length scales.The study showed ultra-fine grains with an average grain size of about 0.86μm,and a random texture was formed in the as-fabricated condition due to rapid solidification and the TiB_(2)particles promoting heterogeneous nucleation.The yield strength and total elongation of the as-fabricated composite were 317 MPa and 10%,respectively.The contributions of fine grains,solid solutions,dislocations,particles,and Guinier-Preston(GP)zones were calculated.Failure was found to be initiated from the largest lack-of-fusion pore,as revealed by in situ synchrotron tomography during tensile loading.In situ synchrotron diffraction was used to characterise the lattice strain evolution during tensile loading,providing important data for the development of crystal-plasticity models.