Study on Planting Techniques of Medicinal Plant Anchusa italica Retz

Anchusa italica Retz.,a perennial herb,has the effects of clearing away heat and toxic materials,and killing parasites to relieve itching.It is mainly used for breast abscess,sore swollen poison,scabies and so on,and serves as one of the commonly used medicinal materials in Uygur medicine.A.italica is distributed in Iran,Europe,Afghanistan and Kazakhstan.It is cultivated in China,and Xinjiang mostly imports it from Pakistan.This study belongs to the technical field of traditional Chinese medicine planting.The planting method solves the technical problems of sowing,field management,harvesting and processing of A.italica.

Tribological Behaviour of Aluminium/Alumina/Graphite Hybrid Metal Matrix Composite Using Taguchi’s Techniques

Tribological behaviour of aluminium alloy (Al-Si10Mg) reinforced with alumina (9%) and graphite (3%) fabricated by stir casting process was investigated. The wear and frictional properties of the hybrid metal matrix composites was studied by performing dry sliding wear test using a pin-on-disc wear tester. Experiments were conducted based on the plan of experiments generated through Taguchi’s technique. A L27 Orthogonal array was selected for analysis of the data. Investigation to find the influence of applied load, sliding speed and sliding distance on wear rate, as well as the coefficient of friction during wearing process was carried out using ANOVA and regression equations for each response were developed. Objective of the model was chosen as ‘smaller the better’ characteristics to analyse the dry sliding wear resistance. Results show that sliding distance has the highest influence followed by load and sliding speed. Finally, confirmation tests were carried out to verify the experimental results and Scanning Electron Microscopic studies were done on the wear surfaces.

A Review of Structural Health Monitoring Techniques as Applied to Composite Structures

Structural Health Monitoring(SHM)is the process of collecting,interpreting and analysing data from structures in order to determine its health status and the remaining life span.Composite materials have been extensively use in recent years in several industries with the aim at reducing the total weight of structures while improving their mechanical properties.However,composite materials are prone to develop damage when subjected to low to medium impacts(i.e.1-10 m/s and 11-30 m/s respectively).Hence,the need to use SHM techniques to detect damage at the incipient initiation in composite materials is of high importance.Despite the availability of several SHM methods for the damage identification in composite structures,no single technique has proven suitable for all circumstances.It must be noted that the amount of techniques available nowadays is too extensive to be comprehensively reviewed in a single paper.Therefore,the focus will be on techniques that can serve as a starting point for studies focusing on damage detection,localisation,assessment and prognosis on certain kinds of structures.Thus,the line of thought behind the search and the structure of this review is a result of objectives beyond the scope of the paper itself.Nevertheless,it was considered that,once the above was understood,an updated synopsis such as this could also be useful for other researchers in the same field.

Electrospinning-hot pressing technique for the fabrication of thermal and electrical storage membranes and its applications

The combination of electrospinning and hot pressing,namely the electrospinning-hot pressing technique(EHPT),is an efficient and convenient method for preparing nanofibrous composite materials with good energy storage performance.The emerging composite membrane prepared by EHPT,which exhibits the advantages of large surface area,controllable morphology,and compact structure,has attracted immense attention.In this paper,the conduction mechanism of composite membranes in thermal and electrical energy storage and the performance enhancement method based on the fabrication process of EHPT are systematically discussed.Moreover,the state-of-the-art applications of composite membranes in these two fields are introduced.In particular,in the field of thermal energy storage,EHPT-prepared membranes have longitudinal and transverse nanofibers,which generate unique thermal conductivity pathways;also,these nanofibers offer enough space for the filling of functional materials.Moreover,EHPT-prepared membranes are beneficial in thermal management systems,building energy conservation,and electrical energy storage,e.g.,improving the electrochemical properties of the separators as well as their mechanical and thermal stability.The application of electrospinning-hot pressing membranes on capacitors,lithium-ion batteries(LIBs),fuel cells,sodium-ion batteries(SIBs),and hydrogen bromine flow batteries(HBFBs)still requires examination.In the future,EHPT is expected to make the field more exciting through its own technological breakthroughs or be combined with other technologies to produce intelligent materials.

Preparation and dielectric properties of compositionally graded (Ba,Sr)TiO_3 thin film by sol-gel technique

Compositional graded BaxSr1-xTiO3 (x=0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1.0) (BST) thin films (less than 400 nm) were fabricated on Si and Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si substrates by sol-gel technique. A special heating treatment was employed to form the uniform composition gradients at 700 ℃. The microstructures of the films were studied by means of X-ray diffraction, atomic force microscope and field emission scanning electron microscopy. The results show that the films have uniform and crack-free surface morphology with perovskite structure phase. The small signal dielectric constant (εr) and dielectric loss (tan δ) are found to be 335 and 0.045 at room temperature and 200 kHz. The dielectric properties change significantly with applied dc bias, and the graded thin film show high tunability of 42.3% at an applied field of 250 kV/cm. All the results indicate that the graded BST thin films prepared by sol-gel technique have a promising candidate for microelectronic device.

PROCESSINGTECHNIQUESANDCHARACTERIZATIONOFCERAMICFIBERREINFORCEDALUMINIUMCOMPOSITES

This paper relates to the fabrication of aluminium matrix composites with various amounts of Al 2O 3 fiber and SiC whiskers by rheocasting, powder metallurgy process and liquid metal infiltration process. To analyze wetting characteristics, the cross sections of composites are examined by scanning electron microscopy(SEM). The bending tests and microhardness tests are performed to evaluate mechanical properties of composites. The results show that the composites produced by liquid metal infiltration give better properties than those produced by rheocasting or powder metallurgy process, primarily due to the decrease of porosity and reinforcement cluster. For liquid metal infiltration composites, a good adhesion between the fiber and matrix is found. Three points bending test results show that there is an increase in flexural modulus with reinforcement contents. In addition, a series of microhardness tests are conducted to determine the effect of heat treatment on the mechanical property of Al 2O 3/Al composites.

Review on preparation techniques of particle reinforced metal matrix composites

This paper reviews the investigation status of the techniques for preparation of metal matrix composites and the research outcomes achieved recently. The mechanisms, characteristics, application ranges and levels of development of these preparation techniques are analyzed. The advantages and the disadvantages of each technique are synthetically evaluated. Lastly, the future directions of research and the prospects for the preparation techniques of metal matrix composites are forecasted.

Interface analysis of 7B52 Al alloy laminated composite fabricated by hot-roll bonding

The bonding interface of 7B52 Al alloy laminated composite （ALC） fabricated by hot rolling was investigated using optical microscopy （OM）, transmission electron microscopy （TEM）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, ultrasonic flaw detection （UFD）, and bonding strength tests. The results show that metallurgical bonding is achieved at the interface after composite rolling. The TEM analysis and tensile tests indicate that the 7B52 ALC plate combines high strength of the hard individual layer and good toughness of the soft individual layer. However, UFD technology and SEM analysis prove that the defects （thick oxide films, acid washed residues, air, oil and coarse particles） existing in the bonding interface are harmful to the bonding strength. To sum up, the composite roiling process is suitable for 7B52 ALC plate, and the content and size of the defects should be controlled strictly. Advanced surface treatment of each individual layer would be beneficial to further improve the bonding quality.

Novel photoactive material and fabrication techniques for solar cells application:nanocellulose-based graphene oxide CdS composite

In recent times,solar energy has become one of the largest available sources of renewable energy at our disposal.However,the design of highly efficient solar cells is increasingly becoming crucial as there has been a surge for economically viable alternative energy sources with the lowest cost.Significant advances have been made through different routes to make photovoltaic(PV)/solar technologies economically viable,eco-friendly and consequently scalable.As a result,cellulose nanomaterials have become one of the emerging technologies in this regard because of the advantages of high-value bio-based nanostructured materials,such as their abundance and sustainability.Nanocellulose-based photoactive nanocomposite materials can be made by integrating conducting photoactive and electroconductive materials with hydrophilic biocompatible cellulose.Inorganic nanoparticles,such as graphene/reduced graphene oxide cadmium sulphide quantum dots,amongst others,can be introduced into the nanocellulose matrix and can be applied either as charge transporters or photoactive materials in different types of solar cells.Thus,in this review,we highlight the optoelectronic properties of different photoactive materials,particularly nanocellulose-based graphene nanocomposites;their efficiencies and drawbacks were X-rayed.The effect of doping each PV material on the PV performance is also discussed.It is anticipated that the novel material would result in a reduction in the cost of solar cells,jointly enhancing their efficacy in generating environmentally friendly electricity.Since the fabrication techniques and equipment play a crucial role in the development of solar cells,the fabrication techniques of bulk-heterojunction(BHJ)cells containing a nanocellulose-based graphene composite and case studies of already fabricated BHJ PV cells with nanocellulose-based graphene composite are discussed.

Optimization of Friction and Wear Behaviour in Hybrid Metal Matrix Composites Using Taguchi Technique

Al-7075 alloy-base matrix, reinforced with mixtures of silicon carbide (SiC) and boron carbide (B4C) particles, know as hybrid composites have been fabricated by stir casting technique (liquid metallurgy route) and optimized at different parameters like sliding speed, applied load, sliding time, and percentage of reinforcement by Taguchi method. The specimens were examined by Rockwell hardness test machine, Pin on Disc, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Optical Microscope. A plan of experiment generated through Taguchi’s technique is used to conduct experiments based on L27 orthogonal array. The developed ANOVA and the regression equations were used to find the optimum wear as well as co-efficient of friction under the influence of sliding speed, applied load, sliding time and percentage of reinforcement. The dry sliding wear resistance was analyzed on the basis of “smaller the best”. Finally, confirmation tests were carried out to verify the experimental results.

Application of Different Image Processing Techniques on Aster and ETM+ Images for Exploration of Hydrothermal Alteration Associated with Copper Mineralizations Mapping Kehdolan Area (Eastern Azarbaijan Province-Iran)

The Kehdolan area is located at 20 kilometers to the?south-east of Dozdozan Town (Eastern Azarbaijan Province). According to structural geology, volconic rocks are situated in Alborz-Azarbyjan zone, and faults?are?observed?in?the?same direction to this system with SE-NW trend. The results show that kaolinite alteration trend with Argilic and propylitic veins?is the?same direction with SW-NE faults in this area. Therefore, these faults with these trends can be considered as the mineralization control for determination of the alterations. Different image processing techniques,?such as false color composite?(FCC), band ratios, color ratio composite?(CRC), principal component?analysis?(PCA), Crosta technique, supervised spectral angle mapping?(SAM), are used for?identification of the alteration zones associated with copper mineralization. In this project ASTER?data are process and spectral analysis to fit for recognizing intensity and kind of argillic, propylitic,?philic, and ETM+ data?which?are process and to fit for iron oxide and relation to metal mineralization of the area. For recognizing different alterations of the study area, some chemical and mineralogical analysis data from the samples showed that ASTER data and ETM+ data were?capable of hydrothermal alteration mapping with copper mineralization.?Copper mineralization in the region is in agreement with argillic alteration. SW-NE trending faults controlled the mineralization process.

Mapping of Compositional Diversity and Chronological Ages of Lunar Farside Multiring Mare Moscoviense Basin:Implications to the Middle Imbrian Mare Basalts

The Mare Moscoviense is an astonishing rare flatland multi-ring basin and one of the recognizable mare regions on the Moon's farside.The mineralogical,chronological,topographical and morphological studies of the maria surface of the Moon provide a primary understanding of the origin and evolution of the mare provinces.In this study,the Chandrayaan-1 M^(3)data have been employed to prepare optical maturity index,FeO and TiO^(2)concentration,and standard band ratio map to detect the mafic indexes like olivine and pyroxene minerals.The crater size frequency distribution method has been applied to LROC WAC data to obtain the absolute model ages of the Moscoviense basin.The four geological unit ages were observed as 3.57 Ga(U-2),3.65 Ga(U-1),3.8 Ga(U-3)and 3.92 Ga(U-4),which could have been formed between the Imbrian and Nectarian epochs.The M^(3)imaging and reflectance spectral parameters were used to reveal the minerals like pyroxene,olivine,ilmenite,plagioclase,orthopyroxene-olivine-spinel lithology,and olivine-pyroxene mixtures present in the gabbroic basalt,anorthositic and massive ilmenite rocks,and validated with the existing database.The results show that the Moscoviense basin is dominated by intermediate TiO^(2)basalts that derived from olivine-ilmenite-pyroxene cumulate depths ranging from 200 to 500 km between 3.5 Ga and 3.6 Ga.

Preparation technique of SiCp reinforced Al matrix composite

A new preparation technique-"block dispersal and cast" method is introduced, and three kinds of powder mixing methods, vertical, horizontal and inclining styles, are compared. The results demonstrate that the inclining style is the best way to mix powders. The Al and nano SiC powders are pressed into blocks, dipped into molten Al, stirred into mold so that SiC/Al matrix composites can be obtained at last. The microstructure of SiC particle reinforced Al matrix composite prepared by "block dispersal and cast" method have been studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Phase analysis has also been conducted by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results show that nano SiC particles can be dispersed uniformly in Al matrix. Thus, it is feasible to prepare SiC particle reinforced Al matrix composites by this method.

Taguchi Technique for the Simultaneous Optimization of Tribological Parameters in Metal Matrix Composite

Taguchi methods have proved to be successful over the last two decades for improvement of product quality and process performance. This study is carried out to simultaneously optimize the tribological properties: wear rate and frictional force of aluminum metal matrix composite. Al-Cu-Mg alloy reinforced with 6 Wt % of titanium dioxide was prepared using stir casting method. Dry sliding wear test was conducted to understand the tribological behavior of samples. The experiments were conducted as per the Taguchi design of experiment. The wear parameters chosen for the experiment were: sliding speed and load and sliding distance. Each parameter was assigned three levels. The experiment consists of 27 tests according to L27 orthogonal array. Signal to noise ratio analysis has been carried out to determine optimal parametric condition, which yields minimum wear rate and frictional force. Harrington’s desirability functional method is adopted for multifunctional optimization of tribological parameters and the confirmation experiments were conducted to verify the predicted model.

Study on T700/Cyanate/PS/Epoxy Composites with ex-situ Toughening Technique

Composites were prepared with polysulfone through ex-situ toughening technique. The dynamic parameters of cyanate/epoxy resin were studied by differential scanning calorimetric（DSC） analysis and dynamic mechanical analysis（DMA）. Microstructual toughening mechanism was studied through scanning electron microscopy（SEM）. The particle microstructure in interlaminar region of composites toughened through ex-situ toughening technique revealed that a reaction induced phase decomposition and phase inversion happened in the interlaminar region. The thermosetting particles were surrounded by the PS phase, which could signifi cantly improve the delamination resistance of composites. The compression after impact（CAI） can be signifi cantly improved from 180 MPa to 260 MPa by using ex-situ toughening while the mechanical properties are not affected.

Study on Cultivation Techniques for Vernonia anthelmintica Willd

This article focuses on the cultivation techniques and harvesting of Vernonia anthelmintica Willd.At present,the domestic cultivation of V.anthelmintica Willd has not formed a scale,characterized with low seed yield and high harvesting cost.Therefore,it is of great significance to carry out research on the cultivation techniques and yield improvement of V.anthelmintica Willd.

Upgraded Analytical Protocols in Bauxite Refining Industry Using Composite Sampling Approach to Minimize Laboratory Analysis Load

The laboratories in the bauxite processing industry are always under a heavy workload of sample collection, analysis, and compilation of the results. After size reduction from grinding mills, the samples of bauxite are collected after intervals of 3 to 4 hours. Large bauxite processing industries producing 1 million tons of pure aluminium can have three grinding mills. Thus, the total number of samples to be tested in one day reaches a figure of 18 to 24. The sample of bauxite ore coming from the grinding mill is tested for its particle size and composition. For testing the composition, the bauxite ore sample is first prepared by fusing it with X-ray flux. Then the sample is sent for X-ray fluorescence analysis. Afterwards, the crucibles are washed in ultrasonic baths to be used for the next testing. The whole procedure takes about 2 - 3 hours. With a large number of samples reaching the laboratory, the chances of error in composition analysis increase. In this study, we have used a composite sampling methodology to reduce the number of samples reaching the laboratory without compromising their validity. The results of the average composition of fifteen samples were measured against composite samples. The mean of difference was calculated. The standard deviation and paired t-test values were evaluated against predetermined critical values obtained using a two-tailed test. It was found from the results that paired test-t values were much lower than the critical values thus validating the composition attained through composite sampling. The composite sampling approach not only reduced the number of samples but also the chemicals used in the laboratory. The objective of improved analytical protocol to reduce the number of samples reaching the laboratory was successfully achieved without compromising the quality of analytical results.

添加CeO_(2)对激光熔覆Ni基/WC复合涂层的影响

为了提高Q235钢材在海水中的耐腐蚀性能,扩大其应用场合,使其能够服役于富含Cl离子的海洋环境,采用激光熔覆技术,在Q235钢表面制备出添加不同质量分数CeO_(2)改性的Ni基/WC复合熔覆层,并利用扫描电镜、能谱仪和电化学工作站等仪器对熔覆层的组织与性能进行了测试。结果表明,适量CeO_(2)的加入可以促进晶粒细化与组织的均匀分布,提高熔覆层在NaCl溶液(质量分数为3.5%)中的耐腐蚀性能;当添加的CeO_(2)质量分数达到1%时,熔覆层具有最高的平均硬度与最好的耐海水腐蚀性能;过高的CeO_(2)含量则会加剧电偶腐蚀效应,降低其耐腐蚀性能。该研究为后续在Q235钢材表面制备耐腐蚀的激光熔覆合金涂层、改善合金材料表面性能提供了理论参考依据。

马鞍山长江公铁大桥Z3号桥塔施工关键技术

巢马城际铁路马鞍山长江公铁大桥主航道桥为(112+392+2×1120+392+112)m三塔钢桁梁斜拉桥,Z3号桥塔为超高多肢钢-混组合塔,高308 m。上塔柱钢结构高87.5 m,分13个吊装节段,最重505 t;中、下塔柱混凝土结构高217.5 m,分38个节段液压爬模施工;钢-混结合段高3 m,内部采用PBL键+剪力钉+高强度钢锚杆+高强度混凝土结构形式。在中塔柱设置钢管临时横撑控制塔柱线形及应力;下横梁采用落地支架法分层施工,与对应塔柱同步浇筑;钢-混结合段混凝土采用C60细石补偿收缩混凝土+高强度灌浆料,保证了混凝土施工质量;采用工厂“2+1”立体匹配制造、“提升站+运输栈桥”钢塔节段转运等技术,并研制15000 t•m超大型塔吊,实现了钢塔柱大节段的制造、整体滩地运输和吊装;钢塔节段间采用栓焊组合连接形式,通过设置工艺隔板、双面坡口等措施控制了钢塔焊接变形;利用定位桁架临时锁定钢塔合龙段实现了钢塔的精确合龙,定位桁架受力及变形均满足要求。

流动树脂注射充填技术的临床应用

随着流动树脂性能的提高,导板技术和数字化技术的不断发展,流动树脂注射充填新技术在临床有了更广阔的应用场景。流动树脂的操作简便性和高度可塑性使其临床技术敏感性降低,结合导板技术和数字化技术可优质、高效地完成复杂和疑难直接粘接修复病例。本文对流动树脂材料的进展、注射充填技术的内涵和发展以及注射充填技术的临床应用和注意事项进行阐述和讨论,为流动树脂注射充填技术在临床的应用提供参考。