Snap-through behaviors and nonlinear vibrations of a bistable composite laminated cantilever shell:an experimental and numerical study

The snap-through behaviors and nonlinear vibrations are investigated for a bistable composite laminated cantilever shell subjected to transversal foundation excitation based on experimental and theoretical approaches.An improved experimental specimen is designed in order to satisfy the cantilever support boundary condition,which is composed of an asymmetric region and a symmetric region.The symmetric region of the experimental specimen is entirely clamped,which is rigidly connected to an electromagnetic shaker,while the asymmetric region remains free of constraint.Different motion paths are realized for the bistable cantilever shell by changing the input signal levels of the electromagnetic shaker,and the displacement responses of the shell are collected by the laser displacement sensors.The numerical simulation is conducted based on the established theoretical model of the bistable composite laminated cantilever shell,and an off-axis three-dimensional dynamic snap-through domain is obtained.The numerical solutions are in good agreement with the experimental results.The nonlinear stiffness characteristics,dynamic snap-through domain,and chaos and bifurcation behaviors of the shell are quantitatively analyzed.Due to the asymmetry of the boundary condition and the shell,the upper stable-state of the shell exhibits an obvious soft spring stiffness characteristic,and the lower stable-state shows a linear stiffness characteristic of the shell.

CUTTING REGULARITY AND DISCHARGE CHARACTERISTICS BY USING COMPOSITE COOLING LIQUID IN WIRE CUT ELECTRICAL DISCHARGE MACHINE WITH HIGH WIRE TRAVELING SPEED

The analysis of cutting regularity is provided through using and comparing two typical cooling liquids. It is proved that cutting regularity is greatly affected by cooling liquid＇s washing ability. Discharge characteristics and theoretic analysis between two electrodes are also discussed based on discharge waveform. By using composite cooling liquid which has strong washing ability, the efficiency in the first stable cutting phase has reached more than 200 mm^2/min, and the roughness of the surface has reached Ra〈0.8 μm after the fourth cutting with more than 50 mm^2/min average cutting efficiency. It is pointed out that cutting situation of the wire cut electrical discharge machine with high wire traveling speed （HSWEDM） is better than the wire cut electrical discharge machine with low wire traveling speed （LSWEDM） in the condition of improving the cooling liquid washing ability. The machining indices of HSWEDM will be increased remarkably by using the composite cooling liquid.

Experimental Study of Dynamic Characteristics on Composite Foundation with CFG Long Pile and Rammed Cement-Soil Short Pile

Based on the idea of optimization design of pile type, the two kinds of the typical pile type are selected, which containing flexibility pile (e.g. rammed cement-soil pile is for short RCSP), and rigid pile (e.g. cement-flyash-gravel pile is for short CFGP). The three kinds of the composite foundation are designed, which are CFGP, CFG long pile and CFG short pile (for short CFGLP-CFGSP), CFG long-short pile and rammed cement-soil short pile (for short CFGLP-RCSSP). Natural earthquake is simulated by using the engineering blasting;the dynamic characteristics and dynamic response of the composite foundation are studied through field test. CFGLP-RCSSP is closed to linear relation. The bearing capacity of the four composite foundation of the CFGP, CFGLP-CFGSP, and CFGLP-RCSSP in the site are 225 kPa, 179 kPa, and 197 kPa, separately increases 150%, 98.8% and 119% compared to the natural foundation. The vibration main frequency is mainly depended on properties of foundation soil and piles between vibration source and measuring point, pilling load value. Horizontal vibration main frequency greater than the vertical vibration main frequency and the vertical vibration main frequency close to the first-order natural frequency of composite foundation. With the pilling load increasing, the CFGLP-RCSSP pile composite foundation combined frequency decreased. Under the same blast energy, the acceleration peak on the CFG pile composite foundation is less than CFGLP-CFGSP the corresponding values, as the load increases, the peak acceleration gently. CFG pile composite foundation is favorable on seismic. The distribution of peak acceleration is consistent within 4 m from pile top in the CFGLP_RCSSP composite foundation. The maximum of the horizontal acceleration peak along the pile body occurs at a distance of pile top 4 m or the pile top, and that of vertical acceleration peak occurred at a pile top.

Influence of Electrical Field Distortions Induced by Water Droplets on the Contamination Characteristics of an Insulator

When separated water droplets condense on the surface of a composite insulator,the electrical field on the insulator surface is distorted.In turn,such distortions change the trajectories of pollution particles.In this study,the COMSOL software is used to simulate such a process for the FXBW4-10/100 composite insulator with or without water droplets condensation under a 10 kV DC voltage.The influence of the wind speed and particles concentration on the contamination characteristics of the considered 110 kV insulator is analyzed.The results show that:1)in the presence of water droplets on the insulator surface,the ratio of electrical field force and gravity acting on the particles is large;2)the contamination on the insulator surface increases with the wind speed;3)when the wind speed is small,the relationship between the contamination amount and the pollution concentration is essentially linear.

Bionic Design and Simulation Analysis of Energy⁃Efficient and Vibration⁃Damping Walking Mechanism

African ostrich can run for 30 min at a speed of 60 km/h in the desert,and its hindlimb has excellent energy saving and vibration damping performance.In order to realize the energy⁃efficient and vibration⁃damping design of the leg mechanism of the legged robot,the principle of engineering bionics was applied.According to the passive rebound characteristic of the intertarsal joint of the ostrich foot and the characteristic of variable output stiffness of the ostrich hindlimb,combined with the proportion and size of the structure of the ostrich hindlimb,the bionic rigid⁃flexible composite legged robot single⁃leg structure was designed.The locomotion of the bionic mechanical leg was simulated by means of ADAMS.Through the motion simulation analysis,the influence of the change of the inner spring stiffness coefficient within a certain range on the vertical acceleration of the body centroid and the motor power consumption was studied,and the optimal stiffness coefficient of the inner spring was obtained to be 200 N/mm,and it was further verified that the inner and outer spring mechanism could effectively reduce the energy consumption of the mechanical leg.Simulation results show that the inner and outer spring mechanism could effectively reduce the motor energy consumption by about 72.49%.

Comparison of nonlinear modeling methods for the composite rubber clamp

The cubic stiffness force model(CSFM)and Bouc-Wen model(BWM)are introduced and compared innovatively.The unknown coefficients of the nonlinear models are identified by the genetic algorithm combined with experiments.By fitting the identified nonlinear coefficients under different excitation amplitudes,the nonlinear vibration responses of the system are predicted.The results show that the accuracy of the BWM is higher than that of the CSFM,especially in the non-resonant region.However,the optimization time of the BWM is longer than that of the CSFM.

Experimental Investigation on Vibration Reduction Performance of Fiber Metal Laminate Beams with MRE Core

The vibration reduction characteristics of composite beams filled with magnetorheological elastomer core are studied experimentally.The fiber metal laminates with magnetorheological elastomers core is self-designed and prepared.Internal magnetic field is applied to the beam to explore its action of damping vibration performance under the magnetic field for the first time.The composite elements test system with controllable magnetic field intensity is designed and the function of each part is introduced.Then,a set of reasonable and standard vibration test flow of this type of composite beam under different magnetic field intensity is clarified,and the practical test is conducted.It has been found that the composite beam has excellent damping performance with the first 4 damping ratios being greater than 10%.Moreover,after the magnetic field is applied,its damping results can be further improved to meet the active control purpose.

Analysis and evaluation of vibration characteristics of a new type of electric mini-tiller based on vibration test

Now the internal combustion engine mini-tiller has become the main and indispensable agricultural machinery in vast hilly and mountainous areas of Southwest China.However,its intense vibration may pose a big threat to operators.As a countermeasure to the tiller vibration,a new type of electric mini-tiller powered with a group of lithium battery and a brushless DC motor was developed.The vibration signals at the handle of the tiller were tested under 6 conditions as follows:the tiller was under states of static and working in the field,at slow,medium and rapid speed,respectively.The signals were processed by means of the time domain eigenvalue analysis and the frequency spectrum analysis.The results show that with the electric motor rated speed increased from 95 to 140 r/min under static conditions,the RMS values increased 122.54%,and with the forward speed increased from 0.30 to 0.80 m/s under working conditions,the RMS values increased 201.78%.When the tiller was working,the first order vibration frequencies were 25.99 Hz,26.99 Hz and 28.99 Hz at slow,medium and rapid speed respectively,all not within 37.50-65.00 Hz,the sensitive range of human hands to the vibration frequency.In addition,according to the results of hand transmitted vibration analysis,it can be found that compared with operating the internal combustion engine mini-tiller under the same working condition,the onset of vibration-induced white finger can be delayed for 3.70 years to 10.20 years by operation of the new electric tiller.

Combined optical fiber interferometric sensors for the detection of acoustic emission

A type of combined optical fiber interferometric acoustic emission sensor is proposed. The sensor can be independent on the laser source and make light interference by matching the lengths of two arms,so it can be used to monitor the health of large structure. Theoretical analyses indicate that the system can be equivalent to the Michelson interferometer with two optical fiber loop reflectors,and its sensitivity has been remarkably increased because of the decrease of the losses of light energy. PZT is powered by DC regulator to control the operating point of the system,so the system can accurately detect feeble vibration which is generated by ultrasonic waves propagating on the surface of solid. The amplitude and the frequency of feeble vibration signal are obtained by detecting the output light intensity of interferometer and using Fourier transform technique. The results indicate that the system can be used to detect the acoustic emission signals by the frequency characteristics.

谐波电流激励下电驱动系统振动特性及主动控制策略研究

为研究谐波电流激励下电驱动系统机电耦合振动特性及主动减振控制策略,以某电动汽车电驱动系统为研究对象,综合考虑电机本体结构特性、磁饱和特性、齿轮时变啮合刚度、啮合误差等非线性因素,建立了电驱动系统机电耦合动力学模型,研究了不同谐波电流激励下电驱动系统机电耦合振动特性。在此基础上,提出了基于谐波电流注入的电驱动系统主动减振控制策略,并通过离线辨识最优谐波电流参数。仿真结果表明:电磁激励与非线性机械激励耦合效应导致电磁转矩波动和相电流波形畸变,谐波电流激励加剧电机电磁转矩和齿轮传动系统振动幅值;基于谐波电流注入的电驱动系统主动减振控制策略作用下电机转矩波动及齿轮副动态啮合力6f_(e)、12f_(e)谐波分量幅值明显降低。

复合材料双层球壳与环板耦合结构振动特性研究

以一阶剪切变形理论为基础,采用谱几何法对不同边界条件下复合材料双层球壳与环板耦合结构振动特性分析模型进行构建,其中采用人工虚拟弹簧技术模拟耦合结构的边界条件。根据耦合处的连接关系,通过布置耦合弹簧模拟器对子结构之间的耦合关系进行模拟。应用哈密顿原理对复合材料双层球壳与环板耦合结构的特征方程进行推导,对耦合结构的固有特性和稳态响应进行求解。将所得结果与有限元结果进行对比,验证了计算的正确性。分析了几何参数、材料参数对复合材料双层球壳与环板耦合结构振动响应的影响。

考虑内、外圈复合故障的角接触球轴承振动特性研究

为描述考虑内、外圈复合故障角接触球轴承的振动特性,建立了角接触球轴承内、外圈复合故障时变位移激励模型;基于非线性Hertz接触理论,建立了角接触球轴承时变刚度模型;提出了考虑内、外圈复合故障的角接触球轴承动力学计算方法,研究了不同参数和工况条件下复合故障轴承的振动响应规律。研究结果表明:随着故障尺寸和轴承载荷的增大,复合故障轴承的振动特征频率不变,但其幅值增大;随着轴承转速的增大,复合故障轴承的振动特征频率及其幅值均增大;故障位置的变化将对复合故障轴承的振动特征产生很大影响,故障处越接近承载区,轴承的负载越大,振动特征越明显。

基于x-LMS算法的直升机主动消振电力作动器系统研究

直升机前飞时,气动环境会导致不同方位角的桨叶出现气动载荷的瞬间不对称,通过基础结构传递会在机身形成大幅度的低频振动。为了消除多方向幅值变化的振动力,利用结构响应主动控制原理,设计了基于x-LMS算法的主动消振电力作动器系统,并进行了减振实验。首先,通过比较确定了单台作动器中两台电机同向旋转的方案。通过两台作动器的组合使用,推导出输出力的数学模型。其次,采用负载相位差交叉耦合的控制策略设计系统控制框图。针对存在耦合的相位外环,通过回差阵特征值法确定满足系统稳定裕度要求的参数范围,再根据灵敏度函数和输入跟踪性能在所得的参数稳定域内寻找最优解。然后,提出了基于x-LMS算法的直升机主动振动控制系统,并通过仿真验证了该系统的减振效果。最后,研制的实验样机进行了动稳态实验以及减振实验,验证了系统的实际减振效果。

压电纤维致动柔性结构的仿鱼体波振动特性及流场分布研究

提出利用压电纤维(MFC)致动柔性结构的二阶振动模态来模仿鲹科鱼类的鱼体波运动。基于假设模态法求解智能柔性结构的前三阶振型,实验测得水下柔性结构的二阶振型,验证了智能柔性结构的二阶振型逼近鲹科鲈鱼的鱼体波。采用计算流体动力学(CFD)分析了柔性结构周围流线及压力分布情况,结果表明:二阶振动行为下,柔性结构节点前后流线方向相反;两侧流场始终存在两组高、低压集中区域,且节点前后的压力集中区域分布相反;柔性结构两侧始终存在正压梯度,其中向前的压力分量为柔性结构提供持续的推进力,而节点前后压力分量产生的侧向力方向相反,部分抵消,增强了柔性结构的侧向稳定性。研究结果为水下仿生推进器的设计和性能分析提供了重要参考。

非晶合金-取向硅钢组合铁心结构设计及其磁-振动特性分析

非晶合金和取向硅钢是制作配电变压器铁心常用的两种软磁材料,各有优劣。采用非晶合金-取向硅钢组合铁心结构可以综合两者的优势。该文以非晶合金和取向硅钢铁心并排的组合结构为基础,选取组合铁心的取向硅钢占比和尺寸参数为自由变量,提出一种基于自由参数扫描法的组合铁心结构设计方法。首先,根据非晶合金-取向硅钢组合铁心结构特点,建立组合铁心的等效双非线性磁路模型;其次,采用磁路法迭代求解组合铁心的磁通密度分布,并制定组合铁心的结构设计流程;最后,根据结构设计结果制作了组合铁心的实验模型,采用实验和有限元仿真结合的方法分析了其磁-振动特性,验证了所提设计方法的准确性,并与传统纯非晶合金和纯取向硅钢铁心进行对比分析,阐述了组合铁心的优势。

基于激光测振技术的铣床电主轴振动特性研究

采用激光测振技术获取了机床不同转速下的振动信号,并分析研究了其振动特性。使用激光测振仪采集机床电主轴的振动速度信号,避免了传统传感器带来的附加质量问题,提高了测量的准确性。完成电主轴在不同位置测点和不同转速运转状态下的振动信号采集实验,对采集到的原始振动速度信号和原始振动速度信号,经积分得到的振动位移信号,并进行时域分析。结果表明:在所测转速范围内机床电主轴的振动位移平均幅值稳定在1μm范围内;在所测转速范围内,随着转速的增加,电主轴各个测点的振动烈度是先缓慢增加再减小再快速增加的趋势,在14 000 r/min振动烈度局部最小,该结果可指导实际加工过程中的加工参数选择;电主轴上测点轴向方向位置距离主轴端部越近,振动烈度越大,检测主轴振动状况是否异常时应选取靠近主轴端部的测点来代表电主轴的振动状况。

复杂运行条件下非均匀老化油纸绝缘典型电场变化特性

油纸绝缘作为变压器的主要绝缘部分,长期运行后变压器主绝缘发生的非均匀老化现象,在复杂运行条件下(环境温度、受潮情况,电压类型)将导致工况运行时主绝缘内的电场分布发生变化,因此明确工况运行下非均匀老化油纸绝缘内特征位点(最大场强处)电场的变化特性至关重要。通过开展不同老化、受潮程度油纸绝缘材料的介电参数测试,明确了老化后油纸绝缘材料的工频介电常数、直流电导率随着运行条件的变化规律,通过构建基于GA-BP神经网络的老化油纸绝缘材料介电参数模型,实现了非均匀老化油纸绝缘介电参数的多元非线性定量表征;同时考虑油浸纸板老化对油纸间水分平衡规律存在的影响,修正了非均匀老化油纸绝缘内的油纸水分分布,并根据典型非均匀老化主绝缘结构,构建了非均匀老化油纸绝缘典型电场分布模型;最后,考虑到当前特高压电网中,区别于普通交流变压器绝缘所承担的交流电压,换流变压器阀侧绕组承担的电压中含有较高的直流分量,导致其面对的更高的绝缘水平要求。通过分别设定两种外施电压,并在复杂运行条件下,针对不同非均匀老化阶段的油纸绝缘模型的典型电场分布进行仿真计算,揭示了非均匀老化油纸绝缘电场变化特性,明确了实际运行中应加以注意的运行工况,为变压器的运维策略提供了重要的理论支撑。

卧式五轴数控机床电主轴的动态特性分析及振动抑制优化

针对某卧式五轴数控加工中心电主轴动态特性较差、测试过程中振动量大的问题,对其建立动力学模型,利用Ansys Workbench对其进行模态分析,解得固有频率及模态振型。基于仿真结果及电主轴结构原理,诊断为电主轴后端悬伸量较大,外部连接法兰与主轴后轴承盖及冷却水套间隙量较大,导致机床固有频率低,动态特性差。针对上述原因对电主轴后端悬伸部增加辅助支撑优化设计,进行模态仿真分析,通过优化前后固有频率及临界转速数据对比验证其可行性。将优化设计应用于实际,并对电主轴进行振动测试,试验表明:电主轴振动量大幅减小,优化设计合理。研究结果为卧式五轴数控机床电主轴系统动态特性的改善,提供了优化思路和设计方法。

复合材料环支撑圆柱壳结构振动特性分析研究

该文基于一阶剪切变形理论,结合波动法,构建了不同边界条件下环支撑复合材料圆柱壳结构振动特性分析模型。结合波函数形式为位移变量,对位移比例参数、位移矩阵和力参数矩阵进行设置。通过结合边界条件矩阵,对环支撑条件下复合材料圆柱壳结构的总体控制方程进行推导。通过与现有文献结果进行对比,验证所建立的振动特性分析模型的准确性。开展了相关参数化分析研究,探讨了材料参数、几何参数以及环支撑位置的影响情况。

圆柱滚子轴承内外圈缺陷耦合机理建模研究

圆柱滚子轴承作为旋转机械的关键零部件,其健康状况对机械系统运行的可靠性、稳定性、及安全性有重要影响。基于动力学与物理学的圆柱滚子轴承动力学建模,有益于探明缺陷内在激励机理,揭示缺陷激励演变机理同轴承动力学行为间的映射机制,并提升工况下圆柱滚子轴承状态运维的准确度与可靠性。现有圆柱滚子轴承建模鲜有考虑其内外滚道复合缺陷耦合激励机理。有鉴于此,本文提出了新的圆柱滚子轴承内外滚道复合缺陷耦合激励机理动力学模型,建立了表征滚子仅与内圈或外圈缺陷接触和滚子与内外圈缺陷同时接触引起的时变力学参量演变机理函数模型,研究了圆柱滚子轴承复合缺陷激励同接触位移、接触力等力学参量变化规律间的映射机制,探究了多转速条件下的圆柱滚子轴承振动行为变化规律。经实验验证表明:仿真与实测信号振动特征基本吻合,仿真与实测信号故障特征频率及其倍频基本一致,验证了所建立模型的有效性和准确性,对圆柱滚子轴承状态运维的准确度与可靠性的提升有一定的理论意义和实际应用价值。