柴油机械是羰基化合物的重要排放源,其排放羰基化合物可通过复杂的非均相反应促进二次有机气溶胶的生成,危害人体健康和大气环境。采用生物柴油替代化石柴油可能会有效控制非道路柴油机械污染。但是,目前有关生物柴油机械排放羰基化合...柴油机械是羰基化合物的重要排放源,其排放羰基化合物可通过复杂的非均相反应促进二次有机气溶胶的生成,危害人体健康和大气环境。采用生物柴油替代化石柴油可能会有效控制非道路柴油机械污染。但是,目前有关生物柴油机械排放羰基化合物特征的研究十分缺乏。该实验利用便携式采样系统,对比实测了燃烧生物柴油对于农业机械尾气中羰基化合物排放因子、组成、环境效应及其健康效应的影响。结果表明:(1)使用不同比例生物柴油为燃料的农业机械会不同程度地增加羰基化合物的排放量;(2)使用B0、B5和B20为燃料的农业机械排放的羰基化合物组成基本相似。主要为丙醛、乙醛、丙烯醛和丁醛。(3)燃烧B0、B5和B20农业机械排放羰基化合物的臭氧生成潜势分别为6.5±5.0、8.9±6.2和8.1±5.3 g O^(3)/kg。该研究表明,生物柴油替换普通柴油的过程中需重点关注羰基化合物等氧含量高的有机组分。该项研究直观地对于当前热点大气环境问题进行研究和分析,具有较为重要的现实意义。展开更多
The transesterification of Jatropha oil and methyl acetate to biodiesel catalyzed by a compound lipase was investigated.A 5-level-3-factor central composite rotatable design of the response surface method was used to ...The transesterification of Jatropha oil and methyl acetate to biodiesel catalyzed by a compound lipase was investigated.A 5-level-3-factor central composite rotatable design of the response surface method was used to evaluate the effects of compound enzyme amount,compound enzyme formulation and substrate composition on the yield of biodiesel.The optimum conditions were as follows: enzyme amount 0.27 g,compound enzyme formulation 0.15(mass) N234 and substrate composition of methyl acetate to Jatropha oil 10.10.Under optimum conditions,the actual experimental yield was 74.34%,which compared well with the predicted value of 72.55%.The model based on Ping Pong Bi Bi mechanism with substrate competitive inhibition was proposed to describe the reaction kinetics of the transesterification.展开更多
It is of importance to convert glycerol,the primary by-product from biodiesel manufacturing,to various valuable C3 chemicals,such as acrolein via dehydration,lactic acid,1,3-dihydroxyacetone via oxidation,and 1,3-prop...It is of importance to convert glycerol,the primary by-product from biodiesel manufacturing,to various valuable C3 chemicals,such as acrolein via dehydration,lactic acid,1,3-dihydroxyacetone via oxidation,and 1,3-propanediol,allyl alcohol via hydrogenolysis.As compared to petroleum-based resources,C3 chemicals from glycerol provide a benign,sustainable and atomically economic feature.Extensive heterogeneous catalysts have been designed,prepared and tested for these transformations.In recent five years,great progress,including high yields to target products over appropriate catalysts,insight into reaction mechanism and network,has been achieved.The present review systematically covers recent research progress on sustainable C3 chemical production from catalytic glycerol transformations.We hope that it will benefit future research on transformations of glycerol as well as other polyols.展开更多
文摘柴油机械是羰基化合物的重要排放源,其排放羰基化合物可通过复杂的非均相反应促进二次有机气溶胶的生成,危害人体健康和大气环境。采用生物柴油替代化石柴油可能会有效控制非道路柴油机械污染。但是,目前有关生物柴油机械排放羰基化合物特征的研究十分缺乏。该实验利用便携式采样系统,对比实测了燃烧生物柴油对于农业机械尾气中羰基化合物排放因子、组成、环境效应及其健康效应的影响。结果表明:(1)使用不同比例生物柴油为燃料的农业机械会不同程度地增加羰基化合物的排放量;(2)使用B0、B5和B20为燃料的农业机械排放的羰基化合物组成基本相似。主要为丙醛、乙醛、丙烯醛和丁醛。(3)燃烧B0、B5和B20农业机械排放羰基化合物的臭氧生成潜势分别为6.5±5.0、8.9±6.2和8.1±5.3 g O^(3)/kg。该研究表明,生物柴油替换普通柴油的过程中需重点关注羰基化合物等氧含量高的有机组分。该项研究直观地对于当前热点大气环境问题进行研究和分析,具有较为重要的现实意义。
文摘The transesterification of Jatropha oil and methyl acetate to biodiesel catalyzed by a compound lipase was investigated.A 5-level-3-factor central composite rotatable design of the response surface method was used to evaluate the effects of compound enzyme amount,compound enzyme formulation and substrate composition on the yield of biodiesel.The optimum conditions were as follows: enzyme amount 0.27 g,compound enzyme formulation 0.15(mass) N234 and substrate composition of methyl acetate to Jatropha oil 10.10.Under optimum conditions,the actual experimental yield was 74.34%,which compared well with the predicted value of 72.55%.The model based on Ping Pong Bi Bi mechanism with substrate competitive inhibition was proposed to describe the reaction kinetics of the transesterification.
基金a scholarship from the China Scholarship Council
文摘It is of importance to convert glycerol,the primary by-product from biodiesel manufacturing,to various valuable C3 chemicals,such as acrolein via dehydration,lactic acid,1,3-dihydroxyacetone via oxidation,and 1,3-propanediol,allyl alcohol via hydrogenolysis.As compared to petroleum-based resources,C3 chemicals from glycerol provide a benign,sustainable and atomically economic feature.Extensive heterogeneous catalysts have been designed,prepared and tested for these transformations.In recent five years,great progress,including high yields to target products over appropriate catalysts,insight into reaction mechanism and network,has been achieved.The present review systematically covers recent research progress on sustainable C3 chemical production from catalytic glycerol transformations.We hope that it will benefit future research on transformations of glycerol as well as other polyols.
