Compound contamination and secondary ecological effects of Cd and As in soil－alfalfa ecosystems

d and As both have harmful effects on the growth,development and seed germination of alfalfa, especially in such a condition as the coexistence of Cd and As in soil environment The research using the pot-culture imitative method first found that if soil was simultaneously polluted by Cd and As,function of alfalfa absorbing Cd from soil may be promoted because of the existence of As,in conversely,Cd may inhibit alfalfa plant from absorbing As It was also found that secon- dary ecological effects were most likely to be brought out due to the coexistence of Cd and As. For example,alfalfa is passive to excessively absorb Cu and Pb .The harmful effects undoubtedly intensi- fy the contamination of alfalfa, The results showed that the mechanism of the interaction among Cd,As,Pb and Cu in soil-alfalfa ecosystems is very complicated.

Systematic identification and annotation of multiple-variant compound effects at transcription factor binding sites in human genome

Understanding the functional effects of genetic variants is crucial in modern genomics and genetics. Transcription factor binding sites （TFBSs） are one of the most important cis-regulatory elements. While multiple tools have been developed to assess functional effects of genetic variants at TFBSs, they usually assume that each variant works in isolation and neglect the potential ＂interference＂ among multiple variants within the same TFBS. In this study, we presented COPE-TFBS （Context-Oriented Predictor for variant Effect on Transcription Factor Binding Site）, a novel method that considers sequence context to accurately predict variant effects on TFBSs. We systematically re-analyzed the sequencing data from both the 1000 Genomes Project and the Genotype-Tissue Expression （GTEx） Project via COPE-TFBS, and identified numbers of novel TFBSs, transformed TFBSs and discordantly annotated TFBSs resulting from multiple variants, further highlighting the necessity of sequence context in accurately annotating genetic variants.

A PRELIMINARY STUDY OF THE EFFECTS OF CHEMOTHERAPEUTICAGENTS IN COMBINATION WITH CHINESE HERBAL COMPOUNDS AS IMMUNOMODULATORS IN MOUSE S_(180)

The effect of the Chinese herbal compound (CHC) on solid sarcoma 180 (S180) in Swiss mice was studied either alone or in combination with 5-fluorouracil (5FU), cyclophosphamide (CYT) or mitomycin C (MMC). The preliminary results indicated that combination treatment seemed to possess better antitumor activity than chemotherapy alone. The treatment with CHC alone however had neither an obvious antitumor effect in tumor bearing mice nor toxicity in normal mice. These results show that CHC may stimulate organs of the immune system such as the spleen to be im-munomodulators and enhance the antitumor activity of some chemotherapeutic agents.

Effects of a GA3/4PU-30 compound (90-09) on leaf senescence of hybrid rice

90-09 is a cmpound made with GA3,4PU-30and some trace elements(B ete.).To studythe effects of 90-09 on the leaf senescence ofhybrid rice leaf,the changes of activities ofsome degradation enzyme and the contents ofendogenous hormones(ABA,ZRs,GAs,andIAA),protein,and nucleic acids were mea-sured during leaf senescence. Shanyou 63,an indica hybrid rice,wasused in this experiment.Rice plants were firstsprayed with 90-09(115 ml/hm~2) solution 10d after heading,followed by two more sprayswith once a week.The controlled plants weresprayed with water only.

Theoretical Study of the C-CI Bond Dissociation Enthalpy and Electronic Structure of Substituted Chlorobenzene Compounds

Quantum chemical calculations were used to estimate the bond dissociation energies （BDEs） for 13 substituted chlorobenzene compounds. These compounds were studied by the hybrid density functional theory （B3LYP, B3PW91, B3P86） methods together with 6-31G^＊＊ and 6-311G^＊＊ basis sets. The results show that B3P86/6-311G^＊＊ method is the best method to compute the reliable BDEs for substituted chlorobenzene compounds which contain the C-C1 bond. It is found that the C-C1 BDE depends strongly on the computational method and the basis sets used. Substituent effect on the C-C1 BDE of substituted chlorobenzene compounds is further discussed. It is noted that the effects of substitution on the C-C1 BDE of substituted chlorobenzene compounds are very insignificant. The energy gaps between the HOMO and LUMO of studied compounds estimate the relative thermal stability ordering are also investigated and from this data we of substituted chlorobenzene compounds.

Effects of Cu on the martensitic transformation and magnetic properties of Mn_(50)Ni_(40)In_(10) alloy

The structures, the martensitic transformations, and the magnetic properties are studied systematically in Mn50Ni40-xCuxIn10, Mn50-xCuxNi40In10, and Mn50Ni40In10-xCux alloys. The partial substitution of Ni by Cu reduces the martensitic transformation temperature, but has little influence on the Curie temperature of austenite. Comparatively, the martensitic transformation temperature increases and the Curie temperature of austenite decreases with the partial replacement of Mn or In by Cu. The magnetization difference between the austenite phase and the martensite phase reaches 70 emu/g in Mn50Ni39Cu1In10; a field-induced martensite-to-austenite transition is observed in this alloy.

Neuroprotective effect of antioxidant compounds

Neurodegenerative diseases affect millions of individuals worldwide.It has been estimated that the number of patients affected by neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease（AD）,Parkinson’s disease（PD）,Huntington’s disease（HD）,

Study on Effect of Compound Salvia Pellet in Preventing Atrial Fibrillation with Left Atrial Thrombosis

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a kind of common arrhythmia, which, besides affecting cardiac function, has another serious outcome, that is, it is easy to form atrial thrombosis and induce thrombus/embolus, especially cerebral embolus. The incidence of left atrial thrombosis ( LAT) could reach 25% - 30%(1) , the incidence of embol-

Characteristics of super drought in Southwest China and the associated compounding effect of multiscalar anomalies

In recent decades,Southwest China(SWC)has suffered from frequent super droughts,leading to severe economic losses and ecological degradation.This study investigates the characteristics of super droughts in SWC during 1961-2022,reveals the compounding effect of multiscalar anomalies,and explores the plausible atmospheric circulation mechanisms responsible.The nature of super drought is a compound drought caused by the superposition of extreme drought events across multiple time scales.By contrasting the typical drought cases in 2006 and 2022,the decisive role of multiscalar drought compounding is confirmed.Based on the Comprehensive Multiscalar Index(CMI),multiple super drought events in SWC were identified to be temporally clustered during 2006-2014.Among them,the decadal background of enhanced evaporation and precipitation deficit at long time scales is a necessary condition for shaping the overall pattern of super droughts,while the precipitation and evaporation anomalies at short time scales trigger the outbreak of super droughts,determining the exact timing of occurrence.These events include August-September 2006,November 2009 to May 2010,July-October 2011,April-May 2012,January-April 2013,etc.Statistical results suggest that the contribution of superposed precipitation anomalies to super drought is 2.4 times that of evaporation.As regards the circulation mechanisms affecting multiscalar precipitation,the anomalous spatial patterns at short-term and long-term scales are similar,featuring the cyclonic circulation over the South China Sea and the northeasterly wind anomalies together with the subsidence center over SWC.During 2006-2014,the possible causes for the cross-seasonal persistent precipitation reduction in SWC are the extreme negative phase of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation(PDO)in the North Pacific as well as the pronounced warming of the warm pool in the western Pacific.The key dynamic processes are outlined as follows.On the one hand,the negative PDO phase generates anomalous anticyclonic circulation in the North Pacific,with the northeasterly winds on its southwest flank extending to Southeast Asia,hindering moisture transport into SWC.On the other hand,the warming of the warm pool excites anomalous cyclonic circulation to its northwest,also giving rise to northeasterly wind anomalies over SWC.Meanwhile,the ascending motion over the warm pool region diverges at upper levels with outflows converging aloft over SWC,which further induces compensating downward motion there.The combined effect of the above two remote forcings establishes a climatic background state unfavorable for precipitation over SWC at long time scales,thus constituting a crucial prerequisite for the superimposition of short-term precipitation anomalies to develop into super droughts.

Cerebral vasorelaxant material basis of Xiaoxuming decoction study with rat basilar artery

OBJECTIVE To investigate the cerebralvasorelaxant material basis of Xiaoxuming decoction.METHODS According to the Xiaoxuming decoction herb sources,we retrieved the chemical structure from the literatures and the Chinese Natural Product Database(http://pharmdata.ncmi.cn).By using microvessel tension system,we checked the vasorelaxanteffects of Xiaoxuming decoction anti-cerebral ischemia effective components group(XXMDECG)and the available composition compounds on pre-contracted basilar artery ring.RESULTS963 compoundsin the decoction,including 81Fangfeng,77 Mahuang,130 Shengjiang,31 Guizhi,91 Huangqin,127 Renshen,73 Chuanxiong,44 Shaoyao,39 Xingren,42 Fangji,62 Fuzi and 166 Gancao were collected.The five largest number classes of compounds in the decoction are volatile oil(32%),flavone(32%),alkaloid(13%),saponin(7%),polyphenol and organic acid(5%).XXMDECG at concentration from 1 to 400μg·mL-1can dilate the KCl(60 mmol·L-1)and ET-1(0.01μmol·L-1)pre-contracted rat basilar artery rings in a dose-dependent manner.There are 6 compounds with vasorelaxant ratio more than 50%at the concentration of 10μmol·L-1.CONCLUSION Xiaoxuming decoction contains abundant chemical structure.It has the material basis of multiple ingredients and multiple targets.The XXMDECG are able to dilate the rat basilar artery rings in a dose-dependent manner.The network interactions between varies of chemical compounds in Xiaoxuming decoction and the vasoconstriction associated targets result in the comprehensive regulation mechanisms of vascular function.

Influence of Mg/Al Molar Ratio on the Structures and Properties of Ru-Mg Alx Catalysts for Isomerization Linoleic Acid

With the knowledge on the significant effect of basic site and Ru on the catalytic performance of heterogeneous catalysts in the isomerization of linoleic acid to conjugated linoleic acid,a series of Ru-Mg Alx compounds with different basicity have been prepared by controlling the Mg/Al molar ratio. The results showed the catalysts with different basicity markedly influence the structure,the Ru dispersion,properties and catalytic performances for the isomerization reaction. The strong basic site is conductive to the high yield of CLA products. The strong basic site and the well-dispersion RuO2synergetic catalysis for the isomerization reaction,basic site and the well-dispersion RuO2synergetic effect are possibly via a Mg-O-Ru linkage.

Carbonyl compounds in dining areas,kitchens and exhaust streams in restaurants with varying cooking methods in Kaohsiung,Taiwan

Eighteen carbonyl species in C_1-C_（10） were measured in the dining areas,kitchens and exhaust streams of six different restaurant types in Kaohsiung,southern Taiwan.Measured results in the dining areas show that Japanese barbecue（45.06 ppb） had the highest total carbonyl concentrations（sum of 18 compounds）,followed by Chinese hotpot（38.21 ppb）,Chinese stir-frying（8.99 ppb）,Western fast-food（8.22 ppb）,Chinese-Western mixed style（7.38 ppb）,and Chinese buffet（3.08 ppb）,due to their different arrangements for dining and cooking spaces and different cooking methods.On average,low carbon-containing species（C_1-C_4）,e.g.,formaldehyde,acetaldehyde,acetone and butyraldehyde were dominant and contributed 55.01%-94.52%of total carbonyls in the dining areas of all restaurants.Meanwhile,Chinese-Western mixed restaurants（45.48 ppb） had high total carbonyl concentrations in kitchens mainly because of its small kitchen and poor ventilation.However,high carbon-containing species（C_5-C_（10）） such as hexaldehyde,heptaldehyde and nonanaldehyde（16.62%-77.00%of total carbonyls） contributed comparatively with low carbon-containing compounds（23.01%-83.39%of total carbonyls） in kitchens.Furthermore,Chinese stir-frying（132.10 ppb）,Japanese barbecue（125.62 ppb）,Western fast-food（122.67 ppb）,and Chinese buffet（119.96 ppb） were the four restaurant types with the highest total carbonyl concentrations in exhaust streams,indicating that stir-frying and grilling are inclined to produce polluted gases.Health risk assessments indicate that Chinese hotpot and Japanese barbecue exceeded the limits of cancer risk（10^（-6）） and hazard index（=1）,mainly due to high concentrations of formaldehyde.The other four restaurants were below both limits.

Biogenic volatile organic compound analyses by PTR-TOF-MS: Calibration, humidity effect and reduced electric field dependency

Green leaf volatiles（GLVs） emitted by plants after stress or damage induction are a major part of biogenic volatile organic compounds（BVOCs）. Proton transfer reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometry（PTR-TOF-MS） is a high-resolution and sensitive technique for in situ GLV analyses, while its performance is dramatically influenced by humidity, electric field,etc. In this study the influence of gas humidity and the effect of reduced field（E/N） were examined in addition to measuring calibration curves for the GLVs. Calibration curves measured for seven of the GLVs in dry air were linear, with sensitivities ranging from 5 to10 ncps/ppbv（normalized counts per second/parts per billion by volume）. The sensitivities for most GLV analyses were found to increase by between 20% and 35% when the humidity of the sample gas was raised from 0% to 70% relative humidity（RH） at 21°C, with the exception of（E）-2-hexenol. Product ion branching ratios were also affected by humidity,with the relative abundance of the protonated molecular ions and higher mass fragment ions increasing with humidity. The effect of reduced field（E/N） on the fragmentation of GLVs was examined in the drift tube of the PTR-TOF-MS. The structurally similar GLVs are acutely susceptible to fragmentation following ionization and the fragmentation patterns are highly dependent on E/N. Overall the measured fragmentation patterns contain sufficient information to permit at least partial separation and identification of the isomeric GLVs by looking at differences in their fragmentation patterns at high and low E/N.