Polarized macromolecular compounds in typical lacustrine and marine shale oils collected from the Ordos Basin and Tarim Basin of China were analyzed by FT-ICR-MS. Maturity was taken into consideration by diagenesis ph...Polarized macromolecular compounds in typical lacustrine and marine shale oils collected from the Ordos Basin and Tarim Basin of China were analyzed by FT-ICR-MS. Maturity was taken into consideration by diagenesis physical simulation experiments on shale oils, which had been collected at various temperature and pressure stages. The results showed that similar components existed in non-hydrocarbon and asphaltenes and the main peak compound classes of N1 and O2 were potential parameters for identifying typical marine oil and lacustrine oil in China. Nitrogen compounds/(nitrogen compounds and oxygen compounds), such as N1/(O2+N1), N1/(O3+N1), N1/(N1O1+N1O2) are the maturity indicators, which are related with C-N and C-O bond energy. Differences in molecular components and weights between marine and lacustrine oils are the effective index to identify source maturity and sedimentary environment.展开更多
Heterogeneous reservoir characteristics for oilfield, choose HS-1 non-ionic surfactant and polymer formation in binary combination flooding system can significantly improve the rate of production of low permeability r...Heterogeneous reservoir characteristics for oilfield, choose HS-1 non-ionic surfactant and polymer formation in binary combination flooding system can significantly improve the rate of production of low permeability reservoir in heterogeneous reservoir. According to the core flooding experiment analyzed longitudinal heterogeneous models, single surfactant and a single polymer and polymer flooding of table binary complex drive effect. Studies show that binary combination flooding recovery effect is best, followed by polymer flooding, minimum of surfactant flooding, in heterogeneous reservoir.展开更多
The steam reforming of four bio-oil model compounds(acetic acid,ethanol,acetone and phenol) was investigated over Ni-based catalysts supported on Al2O3 modified by Mg,Ce or Co in this paper.The activation process ca...The steam reforming of four bio-oil model compounds(acetic acid,ethanol,acetone and phenol) was investigated over Ni-based catalysts supported on Al2O3 modified by Mg,Ce or Co in this paper.The activation process can improve the catalytic activity with the change of high-valence Ni(Ni2O3,NiO) to low-valence Ni(Ni,NiO).Among these catalysts after activation,the Ce-Ni/Co catalyst showed the best catalytic activity for the steam reforming of all the four model compounds.After long-term experiment at 700°C and the S/C ratio of 9,the Ce-Ni/Co catalyst still maintained excellent stability for the steam reforming of the simulated bio-oil(mixed by the four compounds with the equal masses).With CaO calcinated from calcium acetate as CO2 sorbent,the catalytic steam reforming experiment combined with continuous in situ CO2 adsorption was performed.With the comparison of the case without the adding of CO2 sorbent,the hydrogen concentration was dramatically improved from 74.8% to 92.3%,with the CO2 concentration obviously decreased from 19.90% to 1.88%.展开更多
The Ordos Basin is an important intracontinental sedimentary basin in western China for its abundant Mesozoic crude oil resources. The southern part of the Tianhuan Depression is located in the southwestern marginal a...The Ordos Basin is an important intracontinental sedimentary basin in western China for its abundant Mesozoic crude oil resources. The southern part of the Tianhuan Depression is located in the southwestern marginal area of this Basin, in which the Jurassic and Triassic Chang-3 are the main oil-bearing strata. Currently, no consensus has been reached regarding oil source and oil migration in the area, and an assessment of oil accumulation patterns is thus challenging. In this paper, the oil source, migration direction, charging site and migration pathways are investigated through analysis of pyrrolic nitrogen compounds and hydrocarbon biomarkers. Oil source correlations show that the oils trapped in the Jurassic and Chang-3 reservoirs were derived from the Triassic Chang-7 source rocks. The Jurassic and Chang-3 crude oils both underwent distinct vertical migration from deep to shallow strata, indicating that the oils generated by Chang-7 source rocks may have migrated upward to the shallower Chang-3 and Jurassic strata under abnormally high pressures, to accumulate along the sand bodies of the ancient rivers and the unconformity surface. The charging direction of the Jurassic and Chang-3 crude oils is primarily derived from Mubo, Chenhao, and Shangliyuan, which are located northeast of the southern Tianhuan Depression, with oils moving toward the west, southwest, and south. The results show that an integration of biomarker and nitrogen-bearing compound analyses can provide useful information about oil source, migration, and accumulation.展开更多
The absolute amounts and relative distributions of neutral nitrogen compounds in the Tabei oilfield (e.g. blocks Ln1-Ln11) showed remarkable migration fractionation in the vertical direction. From Ordovician reservoir...The absolute amounts and relative distributions of neutral nitrogen compounds in the Tabei oilfield (e.g. blocks Ln1-Ln11) showed remarkable migration fractionation in the vertical direction. From Ordovician reservoirs (O) to oil legs T-Ⅲ and T-Ⅰ of Triassic reservoirs in blocks LN1-LN11, the concentrations of + decreased from {1.59}μg/g, {0.49}μg/g to {0.17}μg/g (oil). The ratios of various alkylcarbazole isomers, such as 1,8-dimethylcarbazole/nitrogen-partially shielded isomers and 1,8-dimethylcarbazole/nitrogen-exposed isomers, were adopted as the indicators of petroleum migration. The ratios increased from {0.13}, {0.20} to {0.67} and from {0.42}, {0.87} to {3.30}, corresponding to those of Ordovician oil leg and oil legs T-Ⅲ and T-Ⅰ. In going from the south to the north of the Tabei oilfield, the absolute concentrations of neutral nitrogen compounds decreased drastically, and the nitrogen-shielded isomers were enriched relative to nitrogen-exposed isomers and nitrogen-partially shielded isomers. Crude oils in the Tabei oilfield migrated laterally from the Jilake structure to the Sangtamu fault uplift and Lunnan fault uplift, and crude oils in the same fault uplift migrated and remigrated vertically from Ordovician reservoirs, to oil legs T-Ⅲ to T-Ⅰ of Triassic reservoirs.展开更多
A sensor based on the technique of a piezoelectric quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) is analyzed for the detection of six organic volatile compounds with high olive oil sensory significance, such as hexanal, acetic ac...A sensor based on the technique of a piezoelectric quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) is analyzed for the detection of six organic volatile compounds with high olive oil sensory significance, such as hexanal, acetic acid, Z-3-hexenyl acetate, undecane, 1-octen-3-ol and 2-butanone. Four sample concentrations have been exposed to each QCM sensor constructed. The detection system is based on the sample adsorption on the forty sensing films coated at the surfaces of forty AT-cut gold-coated quartz crystals. Each sensing film has been prepared with different solution concentrations of ten materials, usually used as chromatographic sta-tionary phases. Sensing film coating process shows excellent repeatability, with coefficient values less than 0.50%. The frequency shifts of the piezoelectric crystals due to the adsorption of the volatile compounds have been measured as sensor responses, using a static measurement system. The results show that only five QCM sensors, with high sensitivity values, are enough to the detection of the volatile compounds studied. Therefore, the developed detection system presented herein provides a rapid identification of organic volatile compounds with elevated olive oil sensory connotation and it could be a substitute technique to the analytical methods normally used for the analysis of the olive oil flavor.展开更多
Oil storage is a source of volatile organic compounds( VOCs). Volatile organic compounds can cause different damages to the environment,animals and plants. Therefore, it is important to control the discharge of VOCs i...Oil storage is a source of volatile organic compounds( VOCs). Volatile organic compounds can cause different damages to the environment,animals and plants. Therefore, it is important to control the discharge of VOCs in oil storage. In this paper,the control technology of sources of VOCs pollution in oil storage was analyzed from the source,process and end treatment,and measures for the prevention and control of VOCs pollution in oil storage were proposed.展开更多
Aimed at the problem of classification of non-hydrocarbons of crude oil, the theoretical standpoint that the polarity of a compound depends on the whole structure and composition of molecule instead of a kind of heter...Aimed at the problem of classification of non-hydrocarbons of crude oil, the theoretical standpoint that the polarity of a compound depends on the whole structure and composition of molecule instead of a kind of heteroatom or its functional group was presented. A method was established for the systematically structural identification of nitric compounds in crude oil. The pre-fractionation of a crude oil sample into 7 fractions was performed by di- adsorption column chromatography with neutral aluminum oxide and silica gel. Subsequently, the individual components were obtained by using capillary column gas chromatography, and the types of compounds were detected by a mass spectrometer. In combination with a chemometric resolution, the compounds of fraction were further identified. This method can relieve the difficulty of classical analysis in identifying those species with very low contents or without being completely separated. The structures of 168 nitric compounds in a crude oil sample were determined by this method.展开更多
This paper discussed the direction of secondary migration of oil in the No. 6 area of the Melut Basin by making use of nitrogen compounds as secondary oil migration tracers. From the results, we have found that the oc...This paper discussed the direction of secondary migration of oil in the No. 6 area of the Melut Basin by making use of nitrogen compounds as secondary oil migration tracers. From the results, we have found that the occurrence and compositional characteristics of isomeric-nitrogen compounds in crude oil precisely manifest the fractionation effect of oil migration: with increasing secondary migration distance, the absolute concentrations tend to decrease, and the ratio of nitrogen-shielded isomers to nitrogen-exposed isomers tends to increase. It is considered that the main direction of oil migration in the No. 6 area of the Melut Basin is from north to south.展开更多
The stimulation of the human sensory receptors by compounds present in virgin olive oils (VOOs) gives rise to the sensory attributes that describe its particular aroma. The sensor panel evaluation and the molecules re...The stimulation of the human sensory receptors by compounds present in virgin olive oils (VOOs) gives rise to the sensory attributes that describe its particular aroma. The sensor panel evaluation and the molecules responsible for sensory perceptions of virgin olive oil quality are elucidated. The methodology for the evaluation of the sensory characteristics of VOOs is reported, and typical flavours and off-flavours are described. Relationships between chemical compounds and sensory characteristics are evaluated using the new sensory analyses method promoted by the International Olive Oil Council (IOOC) and included recently in EU regulation (Reg. 1348/2013 and following revisions). Oil quality may be defined in a number of ways, but the sensory perception of flavour is the ultimate determinant.展开更多
Ten cold-pressed oil from 6 herb plant seeds(sesame, flax, safflower, pumpkin, tomato and hemp) and 4 woody plant seeds(camellia, almond, walnut and peony) were analyzed to determine bioactive compounds content, inclu...Ten cold-pressed oil from 6 herb plant seeds(sesame, flax, safflower, pumpkin, tomato and hemp) and 4 woody plant seeds(camellia, almond, walnut and peony) were analyzed to determine bioactive compounds content, including tocopherols, phytosterols and phenolics, as well as their antioxidant activities. Total tocopherols content ranged from 161.11 mg/kg in camellia seed oil to 1,072.51 mg/kg in tomato seed oil. Tomato seed oil had the highest total phytosterols(708.89 mg/100 g) and phenolics content(20.27 mg SAE/100 g),whereas, safflower seed oil has the lowest total phytosterols(173.75 mg/100 g) and walnut kernel oil contained the lowest phenolics(2.32 mg SAE/100 g), respectively. Tomato seed oil exhibited the strongest ferric-reducing antioxidant power(FARP, 311.36 μmol/100 g) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH) radical scavenging activity(56.40 μmol/100 g), while camellia seed oil had the lowest FRAP value(34.83 μmol/100 g) and flax seed oil had the lowest DPPH value(2.75 μmol/100 g). Correlation coefficient was determined as 0.647 and 0.863 between FRAP value and total tocopherols and phenolics, and 0.673 and 0.711 between DPPH value and total tocopherols and phenolics(p < 0.05), respectively. This result indicated the antioxidant activities(FRAP and DPPH) were highly correlated with total tocopherols and phenolics content of oil. This study will be very useful for comprehensive utilization of all 10 cold-press oils.展开更多
The Dabei gas field in the Kuqa Depression of the Tarim Basin is the most complex and deep continental condensate gas field in China. Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography?time of flight mass spectrometer (...The Dabei gas field in the Kuqa Depression of the Tarim Basin is the most complex and deep continental condensate gas field in China. Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography?time of flight mass spectrometer (GC×GC-TOFMS) analysis was conducted on five condensate oil samples from this field. The results show that the samples have n-alkane series in complete preservation and rich adamantanes. According to the methyladamantane index, the condensate oil is the product of the source rock with vitrinite reflectance (Ro) of 1.3%–1.6%. According to the gas maturity calculated through carbon isotope and vitrinite reflectance, the natural gas is corresponding to Ro of 1.3%–1.7%, reflecting that the natural gas and condensate oil are basically formed during the same period at the high maturity stage of source rock. The Dabei gas field has favorable geological conditions for hydrocarbon accumulation: thick salt rock in the Paleogene acts as a regional high-quality caprock directly overlying the high-quality sandstone reservoir of the Cretaceous, the coal source rocks have high hydrocarbon generation intensity and provide continuous oil and gas, and the subsalt thrust structures develop in rows with rich faults, providing migration pathways for oil and gas migration. These factors together controlled the formation of the Dabei gas field.展开更多
The aim of this study was to estimate the total amount of phenolic compounds of olive trees leaves (Olea europaea L.) as a biomarker for the assessment of heavy metals (HMs) air pollution (Pb, Cu and Mn) in Baniyas ar...The aim of this study was to estimate the total amount of phenolic compounds of olive trees leaves (Olea europaea L.) as a biomarker for the assessment of heavy metals (HMs) air pollution (Pb, Cu and Mn) in Baniyas area. Olive trees were selected as the predominant species in the study area. Samples were collected from 6 locations at different distances from the vicinity of Baniyas refinery (0.1, 0.5, 2, 4, 6, 10) Km. The control was taken from an area about 20 km from the refinery to the north-east (Al-Qardaha rural). The concentration of total phenolic compounds (TPC) during the summer was (45.6 - 70.85) mg GAE/g dw, and during winter (35.6 - 52.9) mg GAE/g dw. The concentrations of the studied HMs (Pb, Cu and Mn) in unwashed leaves during summer were (0.879 - 2.170) ppm, (0.75 - 5.21) ppm and (54.38 - 8.78) ppm respectively, whilst during the winter concentrations were (0.479 - 1.023) ppm, (1.54 - 7.29) ppm and (53.79 - 7.58) ppm respectively. The results showed significant differences in the concentration of total phenolic compounds and HMs (Pb, Cu and Mn) between sites (ANOVA), significant differences in concentrations of both total phenols and HMs (Pb and Cu) between summer and winter at all sites (t-test, p < 0.05). TPC, Pb and Mn were higher in summer in all sites than in winter. Levels of Cu were significantly higher in winter than in summer at all sites (t-test, p t-test, p < 0.05) between the concentration of total phenolic compounds and both Pb and Mn with the distance from the refinery of Baniyas. Consequently, the result of this study enhanced the usefulness of using of TPC in olive leaves as biomarker of air pollution.展开更多
文摘Polarized macromolecular compounds in typical lacustrine and marine shale oils collected from the Ordos Basin and Tarim Basin of China were analyzed by FT-ICR-MS. Maturity was taken into consideration by diagenesis physical simulation experiments on shale oils, which had been collected at various temperature and pressure stages. The results showed that similar components existed in non-hydrocarbon and asphaltenes and the main peak compound classes of N1 and O2 were potential parameters for identifying typical marine oil and lacustrine oil in China. Nitrogen compounds/(nitrogen compounds and oxygen compounds), such as N1/(O2+N1), N1/(O3+N1), N1/(N1O1+N1O2) are the maturity indicators, which are related with C-N and C-O bond energy. Differences in molecular components and weights between marine and lacustrine oils are the effective index to identify source maturity and sedimentary environment.
文摘Heterogeneous reservoir characteristics for oilfield, choose HS-1 non-ionic surfactant and polymer formation in binary combination flooding system can significantly improve the rate of production of low permeability reservoir in heterogeneous reservoir. According to the core flooding experiment analyzed longitudinal heterogeneous models, single surfactant and a single polymer and polymer flooding of table binary complex drive effect. Studies show that binary combination flooding recovery effect is best, followed by polymer flooding, minimum of surfactant flooding, in heterogeneous reservoir.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51274066,51304048)the National Key Technology R&D Program of China(No.2013BAA03B03)the National Science Foundation for Post-doctoral Scientists of China(No.2013M541240)
文摘The steam reforming of four bio-oil model compounds(acetic acid,ethanol,acetone and phenol) was investigated over Ni-based catalysts supported on Al2O3 modified by Mg,Ce or Co in this paper.The activation process can improve the catalytic activity with the change of high-valence Ni(Ni2O3,NiO) to low-valence Ni(Ni,NiO).Among these catalysts after activation,the Ce-Ni/Co catalyst showed the best catalytic activity for the steam reforming of all the four model compounds.After long-term experiment at 700°C and the S/C ratio of 9,the Ce-Ni/Co catalyst still maintained excellent stability for the steam reforming of the simulated bio-oil(mixed by the four compounds with the equal masses).With CaO calcinated from calcium acetate as CO2 sorbent,the catalytic steam reforming experiment combined with continuous in situ CO2 adsorption was performed.With the comparison of the case without the adding of CO2 sorbent,the hydrogen concentration was dramatically improved from 74.8% to 92.3%,with the CO2 concentration obviously decreased from 19.90% to 1.88%.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) (No. 2012CB822003)Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education (No. 20120211110022)the National Science and Technology Major Projects (2011zx05001-004)
文摘The Ordos Basin is an important intracontinental sedimentary basin in western China for its abundant Mesozoic crude oil resources. The southern part of the Tianhuan Depression is located in the southwestern marginal area of this Basin, in which the Jurassic and Triassic Chang-3 are the main oil-bearing strata. Currently, no consensus has been reached regarding oil source and oil migration in the area, and an assessment of oil accumulation patterns is thus challenging. In this paper, the oil source, migration direction, charging site and migration pathways are investigated through analysis of pyrrolic nitrogen compounds and hydrocarbon biomarkers. Oil source correlations show that the oils trapped in the Jurassic and Chang-3 reservoirs were derived from the Triassic Chang-7 source rocks. The Jurassic and Chang-3 crude oils both underwent distinct vertical migration from deep to shallow strata, indicating that the oils generated by Chang-7 source rocks may have migrated upward to the shallower Chang-3 and Jurassic strata under abnormally high pressures, to accumulate along the sand bodies of the ancient rivers and the unconformity surface. The charging direction of the Jurassic and Chang-3 crude oils is primarily derived from Mubo, Chenhao, and Shangliyuan, which are located northeast of the southern Tianhuan Depression, with oils moving toward the west, southwest, and south. The results show that an integration of biomarker and nitrogen-bearing compound analyses can provide useful information about oil source, migration, and accumulation.
文摘The absolute amounts and relative distributions of neutral nitrogen compounds in the Tabei oilfield (e.g. blocks Ln1-Ln11) showed remarkable migration fractionation in the vertical direction. From Ordovician reservoirs (O) to oil legs T-Ⅲ and T-Ⅰ of Triassic reservoirs in blocks LN1-LN11, the concentrations of + decreased from {1.59}μg/g, {0.49}μg/g to {0.17}μg/g (oil). The ratios of various alkylcarbazole isomers, such as 1,8-dimethylcarbazole/nitrogen-partially shielded isomers and 1,8-dimethylcarbazole/nitrogen-exposed isomers, were adopted as the indicators of petroleum migration. The ratios increased from {0.13}, {0.20} to {0.67} and from {0.42}, {0.87} to {3.30}, corresponding to those of Ordovician oil leg and oil legs T-Ⅲ and T-Ⅰ. In going from the south to the north of the Tabei oilfield, the absolute concentrations of neutral nitrogen compounds decreased drastically, and the nitrogen-shielded isomers were enriched relative to nitrogen-exposed isomers and nitrogen-partially shielded isomers. Crude oils in the Tabei oilfield migrated laterally from the Jilake structure to the Sangtamu fault uplift and Lunnan fault uplift, and crude oils in the same fault uplift migrated and remigrated vertically from Ordovician reservoirs, to oil legs T-Ⅲ to T-Ⅰ of Triassic reservoirs.
文摘A sensor based on the technique of a piezoelectric quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) is analyzed for the detection of six organic volatile compounds with high olive oil sensory significance, such as hexanal, acetic acid, Z-3-hexenyl acetate, undecane, 1-octen-3-ol and 2-butanone. Four sample concentrations have been exposed to each QCM sensor constructed. The detection system is based on the sample adsorption on the forty sensing films coated at the surfaces of forty AT-cut gold-coated quartz crystals. Each sensing film has been prepared with different solution concentrations of ten materials, usually used as chromatographic sta-tionary phases. Sensing film coating process shows excellent repeatability, with coefficient values less than 0.50%. The frequency shifts of the piezoelectric crystals due to the adsorption of the volatile compounds have been measured as sensor responses, using a static measurement system. The results show that only five QCM sensors, with high sensitivity values, are enough to the detection of the volatile compounds studied. Therefore, the developed detection system presented herein provides a rapid identification of organic volatile compounds with elevated olive oil sensory connotation and it could be a substitute technique to the analytical methods normally used for the analysis of the olive oil flavor.
文摘Oil storage is a source of volatile organic compounds( VOCs). Volatile organic compounds can cause different damages to the environment,animals and plants. Therefore, it is important to control the discharge of VOCs in oil storage. In this paper,the control technology of sources of VOCs pollution in oil storage was analyzed from the source,process and end treatment,and measures for the prevention and control of VOCs pollution in oil storage were proposed.
文摘Aimed at the problem of classification of non-hydrocarbons of crude oil, the theoretical standpoint that the polarity of a compound depends on the whole structure and composition of molecule instead of a kind of heteroatom or its functional group was presented. A method was established for the systematically structural identification of nitric compounds in crude oil. The pre-fractionation of a crude oil sample into 7 fractions was performed by di- adsorption column chromatography with neutral aluminum oxide and silica gel. Subsequently, the individual components were obtained by using capillary column gas chromatography, and the types of compounds were detected by a mass spectrometer. In combination with a chemometric resolution, the compounds of fraction were further identified. This method can relieve the difficulty of classical analysis in identifying those species with very low contents or without being completely separated. The structures of 168 nitric compounds in a crude oil sample were determined by this method.
文摘This paper discussed the direction of secondary migration of oil in the No. 6 area of the Melut Basin by making use of nitrogen compounds as secondary oil migration tracers. From the results, we have found that the occurrence and compositional characteristics of isomeric-nitrogen compounds in crude oil precisely manifest the fractionation effect of oil migration: with increasing secondary migration distance, the absolute concentrations tend to decrease, and the ratio of nitrogen-shielded isomers to nitrogen-exposed isomers tends to increase. It is considered that the main direction of oil migration in the No. 6 area of the Melut Basin is from north to south.
文摘The stimulation of the human sensory receptors by compounds present in virgin olive oils (VOOs) gives rise to the sensory attributes that describe its particular aroma. The sensor panel evaluation and the molecules responsible for sensory perceptions of virgin olive oil quality are elucidated. The methodology for the evaluation of the sensory characteristics of VOOs is reported, and typical flavours and off-flavours are described. Relationships between chemical compounds and sensory characteristics are evaluated using the new sensory analyses method promoted by the International Olive Oil Council (IOOC) and included recently in EU regulation (Reg. 1348/2013 and following revisions). Oil quality may be defined in a number of ways, but the sensory perception of flavour is the ultimate determinant.
基金National Key R&D Program of China(2017YFD0400402)National Natural Science Foundation of China(31471620)National Science Foundation of China(31772010)for financial support
文摘Ten cold-pressed oil from 6 herb plant seeds(sesame, flax, safflower, pumpkin, tomato and hemp) and 4 woody plant seeds(camellia, almond, walnut and peony) were analyzed to determine bioactive compounds content, including tocopherols, phytosterols and phenolics, as well as their antioxidant activities. Total tocopherols content ranged from 161.11 mg/kg in camellia seed oil to 1,072.51 mg/kg in tomato seed oil. Tomato seed oil had the highest total phytosterols(708.89 mg/100 g) and phenolics content(20.27 mg SAE/100 g),whereas, safflower seed oil has the lowest total phytosterols(173.75 mg/100 g) and walnut kernel oil contained the lowest phenolics(2.32 mg SAE/100 g), respectively. Tomato seed oil exhibited the strongest ferric-reducing antioxidant power(FARP, 311.36 μmol/100 g) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH) radical scavenging activity(56.40 μmol/100 g), while camellia seed oil had the lowest FRAP value(34.83 μmol/100 g) and flax seed oil had the lowest DPPH value(2.75 μmol/100 g). Correlation coefficient was determined as 0.647 and 0.863 between FRAP value and total tocopherols and phenolics, and 0.673 and 0.711 between DPPH value and total tocopherols and phenolics(p < 0.05), respectively. This result indicated the antioxidant activities(FRAP and DPPH) were highly correlated with total tocopherols and phenolics content of oil. This study will be very useful for comprehensive utilization of all 10 cold-press oils.
基金Supported by the China National Science and Technology Major Project(2016ZX05004-004)
文摘The Dabei gas field in the Kuqa Depression of the Tarim Basin is the most complex and deep continental condensate gas field in China. Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography?time of flight mass spectrometer (GC×GC-TOFMS) analysis was conducted on five condensate oil samples from this field. The results show that the samples have n-alkane series in complete preservation and rich adamantanes. According to the methyladamantane index, the condensate oil is the product of the source rock with vitrinite reflectance (Ro) of 1.3%–1.6%. According to the gas maturity calculated through carbon isotope and vitrinite reflectance, the natural gas is corresponding to Ro of 1.3%–1.7%, reflecting that the natural gas and condensate oil are basically formed during the same period at the high maturity stage of source rock. The Dabei gas field has favorable geological conditions for hydrocarbon accumulation: thick salt rock in the Paleogene acts as a regional high-quality caprock directly overlying the high-quality sandstone reservoir of the Cretaceous, the coal source rocks have high hydrocarbon generation intensity and provide continuous oil and gas, and the subsalt thrust structures develop in rows with rich faults, providing migration pathways for oil and gas migration. These factors together controlled the formation of the Dabei gas field.
文摘The aim of this study was to estimate the total amount of phenolic compounds of olive trees leaves (Olea europaea L.) as a biomarker for the assessment of heavy metals (HMs) air pollution (Pb, Cu and Mn) in Baniyas area. Olive trees were selected as the predominant species in the study area. Samples were collected from 6 locations at different distances from the vicinity of Baniyas refinery (0.1, 0.5, 2, 4, 6, 10) Km. The control was taken from an area about 20 km from the refinery to the north-east (Al-Qardaha rural). The concentration of total phenolic compounds (TPC) during the summer was (45.6 - 70.85) mg GAE/g dw, and during winter (35.6 - 52.9) mg GAE/g dw. The concentrations of the studied HMs (Pb, Cu and Mn) in unwashed leaves during summer were (0.879 - 2.170) ppm, (0.75 - 5.21) ppm and (54.38 - 8.78) ppm respectively, whilst during the winter concentrations were (0.479 - 1.023) ppm, (1.54 - 7.29) ppm and (53.79 - 7.58) ppm respectively. The results showed significant differences in the concentration of total phenolic compounds and HMs (Pb, Cu and Mn) between sites (ANOVA), significant differences in concentrations of both total phenols and HMs (Pb and Cu) between summer and winter at all sites (t-test, p < 0.05). TPC, Pb and Mn were higher in summer in all sites than in winter. Levels of Cu were significantly higher in winter than in summer at all sites (t-test, p t-test, p < 0.05) between the concentration of total phenolic compounds and both Pb and Mn with the distance from the refinery of Baniyas. Consequently, the result of this study enhanced the usefulness of using of TPC in olive leaves as biomarker of air pollution.