Compound Product of Hypermatrices

The semi-tensor product(STP)of matrices is generalized to multidimensional arrays,called the compound product of hypermatrices.The product is first defined for three-dimensional hypermatrices with compatible orders and then extended to general cases.Three different types of hyperdeterminants are introduced and certain properties are revealed.The Lie groups and Lie algebras corresponding to the hypermatrix products are constructed.Finally,these results are applied to dynamical systems.

Hydrogen production via steam reforming of bio-oil model compounds over supported nickel catalysts

The steam reforming of four bio-oil model compounds（acetic acid,ethanol,acetone and phenol） was investigated over Ni-based catalysts supported on Al2O3 modified by Mg,Ce or Co in this paper.The activation process can improve the catalytic activity with the change of high-valence Ni（Ni2O3,NiO） to low-valence Ni（Ni,NiO）.Among these catalysts after activation,the Ce-Ni/Co catalyst showed the best catalytic activity for the steam reforming of all the four model compounds.After long-term experiment at 700°C and the S/C ratio of 9,the Ce-Ni/Co catalyst still maintained excellent stability for the steam reforming of the simulated bio-oil（mixed by the four compounds with the equal masses）.With CaO calcinated from calcium acetate as CO2 sorbent,the catalytic steam reforming experiment combined with continuous in situ CO2 adsorption was performed.With the comparison of the case without the adding of CO2 sorbent,the hydrogen concentration was dramatically improved from 74.8% to 92.3%,with the CO2 concentration obviously decreased from 19.90% to 1.88%.

Flocculating Properties and Production of the Compound Bioflocculant by Rhizobium Radiobacter F2 and Bacillus Sphaeicus F6

A compound bioflocculant CBF,produced by mixed culture of Rhizobium radiobacter F2 and Bacillus sphaeicus F6, was investigated with regard to its production and flocculating properties. The optimization of the culture medium constituents including carbon source,nitrogen source and C / N ratio,metal ions and ionic strength on CBF production were studied. Flocculating properties of CBF were examined by a series of experiments and CBF had good flocculating activities in kaolin suspension with divalent cations and stable over wide range of p H. Studies of the flocculating properties revealed that the flocculation could be stimulated by cations Ca2+,Mg2+,Fe2+,Al3+and Fe3+. In addition,it was stable at 4-30 ℃ in the presence of Ca Cl2. It was found to be effective for flocculation of a kaolin suspension under neutral and weak alkaline conditions( p H 7. 0- 9. 0),and flocculating activities of higher than 95% were obtained when the CBF concentrations among 6- 14 mg / L at p H 8. 0. The results of this study indicate that CBF is a potential replacement of conventional synthetic flocculants and is widely applied in water treatment and downstream processing of food and fermentation industries.

Iron Fertilization with Enhanced Phytoplankton Productivity under Minimal Sulfur Compounds and Grazing Control Analysis in HNLC Region

The present study investigated quantitatively the significance of HNLC (high-nutrient low-chlorophyll) regions and its grazing control with the improved iron fertilization for climate change. The limitation of iron (Fe) for phytoplankton growth in HNLC regions was confirmed by sulfur compounds (S) such as volcanic ash and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in batch cultures, whose chemical sediment of Fe3S4 showed 4.06 wt%. The technologies developed for iron fertilization since 1993 till now were not practical to provide sufficient amounts of bioavailable iron due to sedimentary iron sulfides induced by undersea volcanic sulfur compounds. The proposed technology for iron fertilization was improved to enhance the bioavailable iron to phytoplankton by keeping minimal sulfur compounds in HNLC regions. The low productivity of phytoplankton by grazing control in HNLC regions was 6% diatoms whose 52% was grazed by copepods and 42% by krill on the basis of data analysis in 2000 EisenEx Experiment at boundary of Antarctic and African tectonic plates. All of the previous iron fertilization experiments were conducted at volcanic sulfur compounds enriched HNLC regions. The present study revealed that the enhanced phytoplankton productivity in batch culture without sedimentary iron sulfides can be possible only if sulfur compounds are minimal, as is in Shag Rocks (53°S, 42°W) of South Georgia in Scotia Sea in the Southern Ocean.

不同尺寸片烟游离氨基酸和阿马杜里化合物差异分析

【目的】明确打叶复烤后不同尺寸片烟游离氨基酸和阿马杜里(Amadori)化合物的变化规律,为稳定卷烟质量和调整配方提供理论依据。【方法】以河南中烟工业有限责任公司6个中间香型烤烟多等级配打模块打叶后的片烟为研究对象,经叶片振动分选筛筛分后得到大片、中片、小片、碎片和碎末5种不同尺寸的片烟,分别测定其游离氨基酸和阿马杜里化合物含量,并对其分别进行差异显著性分析、主成分分析和聚类分析。【结果】(1)不同尺寸片烟21种游离氨基酸总量为14 586.82~18 614.04μg/g,其中脯氨酸、天冬酰胺、丙氨酸和天冬氨酸含量较高;不同尺寸片烟17种阿马杜里化合物总量为21 674.68~29 371.17μg/g,其中果糖-脯氨酸(Fru-Pro)、果糖-丙氨酸(Fru-Ala)、果糖-氨基丁酸(Fru-Amb)和果糖-天冬酰胺(Fru-Asn)含量较高;不同尺寸片烟在多个游离氨基酸组分、阿马杜里化合物组分及阿马杜里化合物总量上存在显著差异。(2)主成分分析表明,游离氨基酸前3个主成分的累积方差贡献率为89.89%,表明这3个主成分可以反映21个变量(游离氨基酸成分)的大部分信息;阿马杜里化合物前4个主成分的累积方差贡献率为88.95%,表明这4个主成分能够反映17个变量(阿马杜里化合物)的大部分信息。(3)聚类分析结果表明,根据游离氨基酸主成分综合得分,可将不同尺寸片烟聚为3类,其中大片、中片和小片烟聚为一类;碎片烟和碎末烟各自单独聚为一类;根据阿马杜里化合物主成分综合得分,可将不同尺寸片烟聚为2类,其中大片、中片和小片烟聚为一类;碎片烟和碎末烟聚为一类。【结论】大片片烟和中片片烟具有较好的品质,工业可用性较高;碎片烟和碎末烟品质较差,在打叶复烤时应尽量减少其产出。

Effects of Different Compound Trace Element Premixed Materials on Beef Cattle Production Performance and Anti-oxidation Capacity

In this study,the effects of two types of premixed materials with different combinations of trace elements on the production performance and antioxidant capacity of simmental beef cattle were examined.Fifteen healthy simmental beef cattle of similar weight(approximately 330 kg),the same age(12 months),without castration,and a good physique were divided into three groups,with five beef cattle in each group.Food of Group Ⅰ beef cattle was supplemented with a commercially marketed 5% compound trace element premixture for fine beef cattle.Food of Group Ⅱ beef cattle was supplemented with a 5% compound microelement premixture for beef cattle that was designed to address local nutrient deficiencies and surpluses.In the blank control group,the beef cattle were not fed a premixture.The pretest period was 15 days,and the test period was divided into prefattening(45 days)and postfattening(45 days)stages.Body weight and body size indices were recorded at 1,2 and 3 months,and blood samples were collected regularly.In Group Ⅰ,the daily weight gain increased significantly by 15.7% compared with that of the control group.The largest daily weight gain was in Group Ⅱ,which increased by 31.6% compared with that in the control.During the test period of 90 days,the body size indices of the three different groups increased in different months,with significant increases in the indices for both test groups compared with those of the control.In Group Ⅰ,the activity of CP,the total activity of SOD and Cu-Zn-SOD increased significantly(p<0.05)compared with those in the control group,with a highly significant increase observed in GSH-PX activity(p<0.01).In Group Ⅱ,the increases in the activity of CP and the total activity of SOD and Cu-Zn-SOD were highly significant compared with those in the control group(p<0.01).In addition,a significant increase was observed in GSH-PX activity(p<0.05).Based on pretest results,the concentrations of Cu,Zn,Mo,Mn,Se and Co in the blood of experimental beef cattle were lower than those of the normal range.After feeding for 90 days,the concentrations of Cu,Zn,Mo,Mn,Se and Co in the blood of Groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ were significantly higher than those in the control group(p<0.05).The concentrations of elements in the blood of Group Ⅱ were close to the appropriate levels.Thus,the effects of the specifically designed compound microelement premixture on the prevention of nutrient imbalances and control of beef cattle nutrition metabolism and the production of fattened beef cattle were significant.

蓝莓-山楂复合果汁饮料的研制

蓝莓和山楂营养丰富,保健价值高。以蓝莓、山楂为主要原料,制作澄清复合果汁饮料,通过试验研制得出蓝莓-山楂复合果汁饮料的最佳配方为V_(蓝莓汁)∶V_(山楂汁)为2∶1,绵白糖12%,柠檬酸0.05%;酶解最佳条件为果胶酶质量浓度0.4 g/L,V_(蓝莓汁)∶V_(山楂汁)为2∶1,酶解温度45℃,酶解时间30 min;杀菌最佳条件温度90~100℃,时间15 min。所得产品为紫红色,口感润滑、酸甜适宜,是一种符合大众需求,具有保健功能的营养型饮料,其制作工艺简单可行,设备投入少,易于推广。

Box-Behnken响应面法优化焙烤食品复配防腐剂的研究

本研究以纳他霉素、乳酸链球菌素、ε-聚赖氨酸和茄非可食部分生物碱提取液为主要原料,在单因素试验的基础上,采用Box-Behnken响应面法优化确定焙烤食品复配防腐剂最佳配比,并进行验证试验。结果表明,在纳他霉素浓度为0.078 g·kg^(-1)、乳酸链球菌素浓度为0.080 g·kg^(-1)、ε-聚赖氨酸浓度为0.060 g·kg^(-1)、茄非可食部分生物碱提取液浓度为14%时,复配防腐剂的抑菌效果最佳。验证试验分别测定对照组和试验组的菌落总数和霉菌数,对照组的菌落总数、霉菌数明显多于试验组,且试验组未检出霉菌。

智能制造类专业复合型人才培养路径研究

信息技术与制造技术不断交叉融合,新技术和新业态催生出复合型企业,使得高水平复合型技术技能人才需求量呈现迅速增长趋势。作为技能人才重要供给源的职业院校,为应对智能制造类高端技能人才储备不足问题,将人才培养与生产实际相结合,开展产教融合人才培养研究与探索。面向智能制造领域,整合政府、行业协会、产业园区、制造企业等社会各方资源,深入推进产教融合与校企合作。本文探索将“政府、行业协会、产业园区、企业、学校”五方融为一体的产教融合人才培养路径,将技术技能复合型人才培养与生产实践紧密对接,进一步提升高职院校人才培养质量,为精准服务先进制造业产业集群发展提供强力支撑。

功能性饲草及其提取物在动物生产中的应用与作用机制概述

针对当前饲料原料和综合利用技术单一,非常规饲料原料研发生物技术落后及其功能性成分缺乏,外源性添加剂使用混乱等问题,围绕内蒙古草地潜在优质菊科、豆科类牧草资源,优化牧草生物炼制技术,构建不同草地典型牧草活性物质研发技术评价体系,实现非常规饲料原料提质增效。功能性饲草,其营养价值均较高,深受家畜喜爱,草场中约占草地植物物种20%~30%,但由于其特殊成分的存在,限制了其被草食家畜直接所利用的程度。虽然这类植物具有特殊的化学成分,但对草食家畜具有有益作用,植物次生代谢产物也是植物提取物饲料添加剂的有效成分。文中总结了国内外功能性饲草及其活性物质的生物学特性及有效成分的作用,并对今后的研究进行了展望及铺垫。

发酵肉制品中的特征风味与微生物之间的关系研究进展

发酵肉制品是指在自然或者人工的控制条件下,以新鲜的肉类为原料,通过微生物或酶的发酵作用制成的一类产品。发酵肉制品中特征风味物质种类繁多,其中主要有酯类、醛类、醇类、酸类以及游离氨基酸等。由于消费者对发酵肉制品风味品质要求的提高,风味物质的控制已经成为提升发酵肉制品品质的关键指标之一。发酵肉制品中的部分微生物特别是乳酸菌、酵母菌和葡萄球菌促进了肉制品中碳水化合物、蛋白质和脂肪的分解,从而促进发酵肉制品独特风味的形成。本文详细介绍了国内外不同发酵肉制品中的主要风味物质、风味形成途径和检测方法,进一步归纳总结了能够产生这些风味物质的关键微生物以及产风味物质的微生物筛选方法,以期为后续发酵肉制品风味品质的提升提供参考。

天然产物调控氧化应激治疗骨质疏松症

背景:越来越多的研究表明氧化应激在治疗骨质疏松症方面发挥着重要作用,氧化应激会导致氧化活性物质的累积,进而损伤骨相关细胞,最终引起骨吸收和骨生成的失衡,导致骨量减少以及骨微结构的破坏。近年来研究发现,一些天然产物可以调节氧化应激治疗骨质疏松症,其来源广泛、不良反应小等特点在治疗骨质疏松症方面具有明显的优势,疗效可观。目的:讨论天然产物调控氧化应激治疗骨质疏松症的机制,并根据最新的相关研究进展展开综述,以期为今后更多天然产物治疗骨质疏松症的研究提供参考和思路,并为临床上应用天然化合物治疗骨质疏松症提供数据支持。方法:以“oxidative stress,free radical,antioxidant,phytotherapy,plant extracts,medicinal plants,herbal medicine,osteoporosis,bone density,bone loss”“氧化应激,自由基,抗氧化,天然产物,植物提取物,植物药,中药,骨质疏松症,骨密度,骨丢失”为关键词在PubMed、Web of Science、Embase、Cochrane、维普、CBM、万方和中国知网数据库检索2010年1月至2023年2月的相关文献。制定纳入和排除标准,通过阅读文献标题、摘要及全文内容进行筛选,最终纳入64篇相关文献。结果与结论:①一些天然产物具有抗氧化作用,并可以通过改善氧化应激调控成骨分化、调控成骨细胞骨基质矿化、调控破骨细胞介导的骨吸收、调控骨相关细胞的增殖、分化、活性和凋亡,从而影响骨代谢过程;②这些具有抗氧化作用的天然产物通过改善骨重塑平衡起到治疗骨质疏松症的作用;③多种天然产物联合使用改善骨质疏松症的研究还有待探索;④利用天然产物调控氧化应激可能成为今后临床上治疗骨质疏松症的有力武器。

环氧树脂/碳纤维复合材料模压制品力学性能影响因素分析

通过正交实验研究模压工艺参数对环氧树脂/碳纤维(EP/CF)片状模塑料SMC模压成型制品力学性能的影响,分析了各工艺参数对制品拉伸强度和弯曲强度的影响趋势。通过方差分析,得到工艺参数对于拉伸强度的影响大小为合模速度>模压温度>模压压力>保压时间,工艺参数对于弯曲强度的影响大小为合模速度>模压压力>模压温度>保压时间,同时得到了对拉伸强度和弯曲强度的显著性因素;研究了拉伸破坏模式及失效机理,采用K-均值方法并选取典型试样观察,发现环氧树脂与基体的结合程度是影响拉伸强度的原因。

木质素模型化合物的电化学催化研究:转化特性与产物选择性

酚类衍生物是生物油的关键组分,对其电催化加氢(ECH)性质的深入理解对于高效利用生物油至关重要。基于此种考量,本工作研究了生物油中代表性物质愈创木酚的电催化加氢性能,探讨了其电催化加氢的反应机制、转化率和产品选择性在不同反应条件下(温度:40−80℃,高氯酸浓度:0.2–1.0 mol/L,电流强度:(–10)–(–150)mA)的变化。同时,也探索了愈创木酚中间产物(2-甲氧基环己酮和环己酮)等对其电催化加氢的影响。结果表明,愈创木酚的ECH转化率随温度和电流强度的提高而增加,但高氯酸浓度的增加则对转化率具有相反的影响。同时发现,中间产物的存在增强了愈创木酚的电催化加氢转化率,尤其是2-甲氧基环己酮,其效果更为显著。在此基础上,对其他种酚类衍生物(包括苯酚、邻苯二酚、愈创木酚、丁香酚和香草醛)及其混合物的电催化加氢机制的进一步研究中发现,模型化合物的电催化转化率与苯环上官能团的复杂程度成反比。在其中结构最简单的苯酚具有最高的转化率(89.34%),而由于结构更复杂,香草醛的转化率最低,仅为46.79%。同时,在多组分混合物的电催化加氢研究中发现,模型化合物的协同和竞争机制将显著影响各自的转化率。

复合微生态制剂对奶山羊生产性能、乳成分、血清生化、免疫和抗氧化指标的影响

为探究复合微生态制剂对萨能奶山羊生产性能、乳成分、血清生化、免疫和抗氧化指标的影响,试验选取26头1~2胎次、日均产奶量(1.01±0.38)kg的萨能奶山羊,随机分为2组,每组13头,对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组每头羊在基础饲粮中添加10 g/d复合微生态制剂。结果表明:试验组与对照组相比干物质采食量、产奶量、料奶比均无显著差异(P>0.05),体细胞、乳脂率、尿素氮和总固形物差异不显著(P>0.05),但乳蛋白在第21天和43天均有显著提高的趋势(P=0.094)和(P=0.069),非脂固形物在第21天和43天均有显著提高的趋势(P=0.082)和(P=0.070);血清生化中总蛋白、白蛋白、球蛋白等指标均差异不显著(P>0.05),葡萄糖含量显著提高66.20%(P<0.05),尿素氮含量有降低的趋势(P=0.082);免疫球蛋白G和免疫球蛋白M无显著差异(P>0.05),免疫球蛋白A的含量显著提高25.06%(P<0.01),白细胞介素-1和白细胞介素-6的含量显著降低了33.23%和15.80%(P<0.01);血清中丙二醇含量显著降低16.16%(P<0.05),超氧化物歧化酶显著升高35.01%(P<0.01),谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶显著提高15.08%(P<0.05),总抗氧化能力两组之间无显著差异(P>0.05)。综上所述,复合微生态制剂对奶山羊生产性能无不利影响,能提高奶山羊免疫和抗氧化性能,具有促进反刍动物健康的作用。

天然产物调控氧化应激治疗脊髓损伤

背景:脊髓损伤是一种严重的神经系统疾病,常导致神经功能严重受损。在脊髓损伤后的病理过程中,氧化应激是一个重要环节,导致神经细胞死亡和功能丧失。近年来,天然产物因来源广泛、结构多样且生物活性丰富,逐渐在脊髓损伤后的氧化应激治疗中展现出潜在的应用价值。目的:讨论部分天然产物在脊髓损伤后氧化应激过程中的治疗作用以及相关作用机制,以期为脊髓损伤的抗氧化治疗提供新的思路和方向。方法:以“spinal cord injury,oxidative stress,anti-oxidation,natural products,natural compounds,polyphenols”“脊髓损伤,氧化应激,抗氧化,天然产物,天然化合物,多酚”为关键词,在PubMed、Web of Science、Embase、Cochrane、维普、CBM、万方和中国知网数据库检索自建库以来至2024年5月的相关文献。制定纳入和排除标准,通过阅读文献标题、摘要及全文内容进行筛选,最终纳入97篇相关文献。结果与结论:①天然产物如多酚类等可以依靠其结构中的酚羟基发挥直接清除氧化自由基的作用,减轻脊髓损伤后的氧化应激反应;②一些天然产物可以通过调控某些信号转导通路增强体内相关抗氧化酶的活性,减轻氧化应激;③部分天然产物可以通过增强自噬的方式减弱脊髓损伤后的氧化应激;④利用天然产物调控氧化应激可能成为今后临床上治疗脊髓损伤的有效工具。

松茸的活性成分及加工现状

松茸是纯天然的稀有食用菌,含有糖蛋白、多肽、多糖、挥发性成分、多酚等多种主要活性物质,具有抗氧化、抗肿瘤、抗辐射、免疫调节、美白、抗疲劳等多种功能。就松茸的加工而言,由于新鲜松茸组织细嫩,贮运时应采取恰当保鲜方式,对其进行不同的干燥加工处理会影响色泽及营养成分。目前,松茸在食品、化妆品等工业领域已有较为广泛的应用。该文从松茸的营养成分、生物活性、贮藏保鲜与加工开发现状等方面进行了综述,以期为松茸的高附加值利用和精深加工提供参考。

氨基酸复配同步抑制曲奇中多种有害物形成及其对感官品质的影响

氨基酸可有效抑制热加工食品中有害物质的形成,但食品中有多种有害物同时存在的情况,目前对于氨基酸对有害物的同步控制研究缺乏,并且氨基酸单独使用常对感官品质造成不良影响。以曲奇为研究对象,选取对活泼羰基化合物消除效果好的4种氨基酸进行复配,通过单因素和正交实验,以感官评价、色度、质构、有害物抑制效果为指标,在不影响产品感官品质的基础上,获得可同时抑制多种热加工有害物的氨基酸添加配方。最终确定曲奇中氨基酸的最佳添加配方为半胱氨酸0.15 g/kg、γ-氨基丁酸0.35 g/kg、丙氨酸0.5 g/kg、甘氨酸0.5 g/kg。采用该配方制作的曲奇与空白组相比,5-羟甲基糠醛、丙酮醛、3-脱氧奥苏糖、丙烯酰胺、羧甲基赖氨酸、羧乙基赖氨酸、荧光晚期糖基化终末产物分别降低了92%、28%、47%、38%、50%、71%、62%。同时,曲奇的酥脆性显著提高,感官品质有所改善。该研究结果为曲奇等热加工食品中有害物的控制与品质改良提供参考与指导。

水产品挥发性风味化合物生成机理及其分析技术研究进展

水产品是海洋和淡水渔业生产的水产动植物产品及其加工产品的总称,营养丰富,蛋白质含量是禽畜产品的2~4倍,且易于人体吸收,含有维生素和矿物质(如维生素D、硒、磷和钙等)。此外,水产品提供的n-3多不饱和脂肪酸,包括二十碳五烯酸和二十二碳六烯酸,对大脑发育起着重要作用^([1])。随着我国居民收入、生活水平提高,国民膳食结构逐渐优化,水产品的食物健康功能越来越受到重视,水产品在居民膳食中的比重越来越高,消费需求量也越来越大。根据《中华人民共和国2021年国民经济和社会发展统计公报》报道,2021年我国全年水产品产量6693万t,比上年增长2.2%。2021年渔业产值14 507亿元,比2012年增加6103亿元,2013—2021年年均增长3.4%^([2])。

中药复方对猪繁殖与呼吸综合征的防治效果及母猪生产性能的影响

旨在研究中药复方对猪繁殖与呼吸综合征(PRRS)的防治效果以及对母猪生产性能、仔猪健康状况的影响。选择罗牛山某猪场6栋母猪区约4 500头PRRS发病母猪(长白×大约克)作为对照组,每吨饲料添加磷酸替米考星1 kg和复方阿莫西林0.5 kg,自试验开始连续添加7 d;另在发病情况相似的7栋母猪区选择约4 500头同品种母猪作为试验组,拌料饲喂中药复方,每吨饲料添加1 kg九灵甘蓝素和1 kg九灵黄芪素,自试验开始连续添加15 d。检测发病母猪主要生产性能指标、PRRSV抗原、循环阈值(Ct值)及仔猪的出生重、断奶重等。结果:在使用抗生素和中药复方之后,发病母猪中流产数和窝均死胎数明显减少(P<0.05);PRRSV抗原阳性率与发病前相比明显降低(P<0.05);仔猪腹泻率降低但无显著差异(P>0.05),死淘率显著降低,母猪产仔数及窝均健仔数均显著增加(P<0.05),表明中药复方对PRRS的防控效果与抗生素类似;但试验组在8月的流产率、窝均死胎数显著低于对照组(P<0.05),脐带血、睾丸去势液和流产母猪样本抗原阳性率均显著低于对照组(P<0.05),表明中药复方降低了PRRS复发的风险。综上,添加中药复方可降低PRRSV抗原阳性率,减少PRRS的发病率,稳定病情,并能提高母猪的生产性能和仔猪抗病能力。