Comprehensive Prevention and Control Technology of Vegetable Diseases and Pests in Shandong Province

An in-depth research and practice has been conducted on vegetable diseases and pests in Shandong Province,and the principles of comprehensive and ecological control of diseases and pests are put forward,including agricultural control measures such as crop rotation,field cleaning,fertilizer and water management,physical control measures such as catching and killing,trapping,blocking,photoelectric energy treatment,biological control measures such as the use of natural enemies,pathogenic microorganisms,other beneficial organisms and metabolites,and scientific and rational chemical control measures.Comprehensive prevention and control not only controls vegetable diseases and pests effectively,but also protects the ecological environment.

On the Comprehensive Prevention and Control Technology of the Reproductive Organ Disease of Breeding Geese under the Anti-season Breeding Mode

Reproductive organ disease of geese is an endemic and multiple infectious disease in large-scale breeding of breeding geese, especially in anti-season production, which brings a great economic loss to goose production. To make effective prevention and control of reproductive organ disease of breeding geese under the anti-season breeding mode, the characteristics of control principles of infectious diseases of the poultry and the occurrence and prevalence of reproductive organ disease must be combined, so as to carry out scientific prevention and control.At the same time, according to the climate characteristics of summer, the feeding and management of breeding geese and water quality control should also be done well, and many corresponding measures should also be taken, thus obtaining better effect.

Comprehensive Prevention and Control Strategies for Soil Continuous Cropping Obstacles of Facility Chili Pepper in Guangxi

As a crucial economic crop in Guangxi region,chili pepper is facing increasingly severe challenges of continuous cropping obstacles.In this paper,the causes of continuous cropping obstacles in chili pepper soil are deeply analyzed,covering multiple dimensions such as the dynamic changes in soil physicochemical properties,the imbalance of soil microbial community structure,and the gradual accumulation of soil borne diseases and pests.Subsequently,a set of comprehensive prevention and control strategy is proposed:soil improvement through the application of organic fertilizers,biological fertilizers,and soil conditioners;implementing agricultural strategies of crop rotation and intercropping,flexibly adjusting planting density and methods,to optimize crop layout and improve planting management measures;actively introducing natural enemies for biological control,while promoting the use of biopesticides and microbial preparations for biological control.In response to the actual situation of continuous cropping obstacles in chili pepper soil of Guangxi,it is suggested that innovative soil improvement technologies,improved planting management measures,and promotion of biological control methods should also be considered.

Integration and Application of Comprehensive Prevention and Control Technology for Sugarcane Borers in Low Latitude Plateau of China

Aimed at the difficult problem of prevention and control of disastrous sugarcane borers in low latitude plateau of China,this research systematically overcame the bottleneck of comprehensive prevention and control of sugarcane bores after 10 years of collaborative research,and formed a number of core product technologies,which promoted the green and high-quality development of the sugarcane industry and achieved the following innovative results.In this study,the species,population structure and damage characteristics of disastrous sugarcane borers in low latitude plateau were clarified for the first time,which provided a scientific basis for the formulation of technology and application of comprehensive prevention and control.The monitoring technology system and early warning monitoring network were constructed for the monitoring of borer population in low latitude plateau sugarcane area,which realized the accurate monitoring of the population dynamics of sugarcane bores and provided technical support for comprehensive prevention and control.The flight spraying technology by unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)was developed for bores in the low latitude plateau cane area,and it has been successfully applied in a large area,thereby opening up a new way of light,simple and efficient for effective control of borers.The scale application of lamp trapping and sexual attracting to kill adult insects technology promoted the advancement of green control technology of bores.Integration was made to the comprehensive control techniques like UAV flight control,biological agents,physical and chemical inducement and control,and sexual attractant trapping in the low latitude plateau sugarcane area,and standardized technical regulations have been formulated,which significantly improved the overall prevention and control effect of large areas.The technologies for the comprehensive prevention and control of sugarcane borers have been popularized and applied in 8 major sugarcane producing states(cities)in low altitude plateau of Yunnan over the years,which has controlled the damage and showed remarkable control effect.In 2017-2018,the integrated control technology was popularized and applied to a total of 2.78×10^5 hm^2(1.33×10^4 hm^2 of UAV flight control)of area,which recovered a total of 3.666×10^6 t of sugarcane losses,increasing 4.69×10^5 t of sugar with the sales increase of 3.979 billion yuan,added profits of 1.251 billion yuan and the taxes increase of 188 million yuan.The research results show that the technology has high technical integration,strong practicability,high degree of transformation,significant economic,social and ecological benefits,which provide technical supports for the sustainable development,loss reduction and efficiency increase of the sugarcane industry in the low-latitude plateau sugarcane region,and make significant contributions to the economic development of ethnic minorities in the border-stricken areas and the increase of farmers income and poverty alleviation.

Comprehensive Prevention and Control Technologies of Rice Blast in Disease Nanchong City

The study was conducted to reduce blast damage, the use of pesticides residue, environment pollution and control costs, and to make a significant contribution to the improvement of grain production, quality and agriculture ecological environment. Over these years, by the methods of systematical monitoring, regular surveys, field investigation, rice blast resistance identification, experiments and meteorological data analysis, the study on comprehensive prevention and control of rice blast in Nanchong City was conducted. The results showed that the rice varieties more sensitive to blast had a higher incidence of severe blast disease. Replacing,varieties with different source of resistance every three to five years and reasonable variety distribution can effectively reduce the prevalence of rice blast. Appropriate treatment of infected rice straw and pathogen, seed disinfection, seedling disinfection, and pesticide application at transplanting and etc. can delay blast occurrence and reduce the damage caused by blast. By analyzing the blast control efficiency of pesticides applied at different growth stages, we found that best control efficiency against blast was achieved by spraying pesticide twice during the whole growth stage, once 3 d before transplanting or 10 d after transplanting; and once at initial heading stage. Spraying 525 g/hm^2 75% tricyclazole was proven to be the best dosage for blast control. However, 375-450 g/hm^2 75% tricyclazole is enough if the blast incidence is not severe, or the rice varieties are slightly susceptible to blast.The control efficiency against leaf blast between 4% kasugamycin and 20% tricyclazole had no significant difference, but was significantly higher than that of 100 billion spores/g of Bacillus subtilis. The control efficiency against neck blast had no significant difference among 4% kasugamycin, 20% tricyclazole and 100 billion spores/g of B. subtilis. 450 g/hm^2 75% tricyclazole had better control efficiency against neck blast than 2 250 g/hm^2 2% 800 million spores/g Jinggangmycin-wax bud bacteria SC, 1 050 g/hm^2 41% kasugamycin-isoprothiolane WP and 900 g/hm^2 41%kasugamycin-isoprothiolane WP. The frequency of severe blast incidence in Nanchong City has reached 50% since 1997. The rice blast disease has been effectively controlled by comprehensive prevention and control technology, reducing the production loss to less than 2%, and pesticides by 4 523 t in total. In 2014, 327000 t rice grains were approved as pollution-free, green and organic agricultural products, indicating that the blast control measures produced great economic, social and ecological values.

Research on the Prevention and Control Technology of Rape Aphids

[Objective] The aim was to screen economic and environment-friendly pesticides adaptive to aphid-resistant varieties in main rape growing regions of Yunnan Province.[Method] The effects of 6 pesticides against aphids on 22 Brassica campestris materials of the main breeds in Yunnan Province,the new improved varieties in China and the core breeding materials were tested.[Result] Yunyoushuang 1,Huayou 4,Yunhuayou Early-maturing Variety No.1 and A35 showed better aphid-resistance.An optimum pesticide application strategy was to use Diyaling in sowing time,and interchangeably apply nitenpyram and imidacloprid during flowering and pod formation stages.[Conclusion] The present study had provided an important technical support for sustainable development of rape industry.

Peach Leaf Curl Prevention and Control Technology

The pathogen, symptoms and occurrence regularity of peach shrinkage leaf curl were expounded, and the control measures for peach leaf curl were put forward by combining with the practical production, with the aim to provide important references for the control and prevention of peach leaf curl.

Establishment and Application of Prevention and Control Techniques of New Sugarcane White Leaf Disease

Aiming at the basic and key technical problems in prevention and control of sugarcane white leaf disease(SCWL),this study systematically overcame key technical bottleneck of prevention and control of new SCWL after 10 years of collaborative research,and achieved several innovative achievements.SCWL phytoplasmas newly recorded in China and the new subgroup of SCWL phytoplasmas(16SrXI-D)were discovered for the first time in Yunnan,and the whole genome analysis of the epidemic subgroup was completed.The main transmission source of SCWL pathogens has been identified as infected seed canes,and Tettigoniella viridis and Clovia conifer were newly discovered as vectors for virus transmission.The disease resistance of 25 main varieties was identified,and 10 control varieties were selected.The prevention and control strategy of"emphasizing early warning,strictly carrying out quarantine,blocking the vectors and controlling residual plants"was put forward,and a comprehensive prevention technique was established through integration of various techniques,and standardized technical regulations were formulated for demonstration application.The promotion and application of these achievements have realized scientific prevention and control of SCWL,effectively curbed the spread of SCWL,and ensured the safety of sugarcane producing areas in China,achieving great economic,social and ecological benefits and providing technical support for high-quality development,loss reduction and efficiency improvement of China's sugar industry.

Occurrence Regularity and Prevention and Control Technology of Kiwifruit Root Rot

Kiwifruit root rot is an important root disease of kiwifruit, which has occurred increasingly in recent years. The disease leads to the death of whole kiwifruit plant under severe condition, and has become an important disease restricting kiwi fruit industry development. The characteris-tics, occurrence, etiology and symptoms of kiwifruit root rot were introduced in the paper, and the prevention and control technology against the dis-ease were put forward from the aspects of agriculture, biology and chemistry.

Research Progress on Prevention and Control Technology of Empoasca vitis Gthe in Tea Garden

The tea green leafhopper Empoasca vitis Gothe, one of major tea insect pests in China's Mainland, grows concealed with small size, rapid reproduction and overlapped generations, which has become the most serious insect pest in tea garden. This paper described the morphological features, damage modes and occur- rence characteristics of E. vitis, and preliminarily summarized the main control methods in recent years. Therefore, from pollution-free and green control perspec- tive, controlling population quantity of E. vitis safely and effectively and reducing the yield loss of tea has become a hot issue in prevention and control of insect pests in tea garden. The paper provided a reference in green comprehensive prevention of insect pests in tea garden.

The Application of the “3 + 1” Mode in the COVID-19 Epidemic Prevention and Control at the Infection Ward of a Designated Comprehensive Hospital for COVID-19 Treatment

Objective: We assess the application effect of the “3 + 1” mode in the COVID-19 epidemic prevention and control at the infection ward of a designated comprehensive hospital for COVID-19 treatment. Method: Based on the features of the inpatients of the infection ward and their relatives, a “3 + 1” mode for the COVID-19 prevention and control is developed to conform to the demands for epidemic prevention and control and the overall prevention and control scheme of the whole hospital. Here, “3” stands for the epidemic prevention and control system, personnel management, and prevention and control measures;“1” stands for COVID-19 testing. Result: From March 1, 2020 to March 31, 2021, a total of 3056 patients were hospitalized in the three infection wards. Among them, 265 patients had a fever, and 113 patients had respiratory symptoms. None of them were infected with COVID-19. The participation rate of the test about the knowledge related to COVID-19 and the knowledge mastery rate were both 100% among the medical staff. None of the inpatients and their companions or the medical staff was diagnosed with COVID-19. Conclusion: Thus the “3 + 1” mode proves successful for avoiding nosocomial infection and the spread of the epidemic.

Microecological Prevention and Control Technology of Facility Strawberry Continuous Cropping Diseases and Its Application Effects

In order to actively develop green ecological strawberry, the authors have studied integrated microecological prevention and control technologies of strawberry continuous cropping diseases, including increasing soil biomass and solar high temperature disinfection during strawberry greenhouse leisure period in summer, biological fertilizer (agent) treatment before colonization, root irrigation treatment with biocontrol agent, as well as appropriate amount of fulvic acid and cytex after colonization, forming a supporting technical system for the microecological prevention and control of soil-borne diseases in facilities. The demonstration application in production shows that the technology has the functions of restoring and enhancing soil biological fertility, enriching beneficial microbial flora, antagonizing harmful bacteria, significantly promoting the growth and development of strawberry, reducing the incidence of soil-borne diseases, reducing the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, promoting the early ripening and high yield of strawberry, significantly improving the quality and flavor of strawberry, reducing the risk of pesticide residues, and boosting consumer confidence, which further improves the economic benefit, social benefit and ecological benefit, with good application prospect in production.

Integrated Prevention and Control Technology of Major Diseases and Insect Pests of Strawberry

In order to effectively deal with the problems of diseases and insect pests in the growth process of strawberry and to improve the quality and yield of strawberry,the main diseases and insect pests in strawberry cultivation such as powdery mildew,gray mold,anthracnose,red stele root rot,calcium deficiency,salt or fertilizer damage,aphids,red spiders,thrips,grubs,etc.and their identification methods were analyzed.The comprehensive pollution-free prevention and control techniques of these pests and diseases were explored,in order to provide technical guidance for high quality,efficient and harmless production of strawberry.

Occurrence Factors and Comprehensive Prevention and Control of Chinese Rose Black Spot(Actinonema rosae)

In addition to conventional techniques,the prevention and control of Chinese rose black spot(Actinonema rosae)should be strengthened in the management of Chinese rose.The occurrence of Chinese rose black spot is closely related to plant residues,rainfall,cultivation conditions and varieties.On the basis of understanding the symptoms and occurrence regularity of Chinese rose black spot,combination measures of agricultural and chemical prevention and control should be taken.

Effect and Significance of Comprehensive Training in Infection Prevention and Control on the Psychological Health of Oral Health Staff

Background:Oral health staff have close contact with patients in the process of diagnosis and treatment,and it is inevitable for them to come into contact with patients’secretions.Therefore,oral health staff are at greater risk of infectious diseases in their daily work,and their psychological health is also greatly challenged.Objective:To study the effect and significance of comprehensive training in infection prevention and control on the psychological health of oral health staff.Methods:We selected 400 oral health staff from a tertiary stomatological hospital in Guangzhou,China in this study.The respondents were randomly divided into an intervention group and a control group.After the first round of investigation,the intervention group received comprehensive training in prevention and control of infection for three months,while the control group received no intervention.Results:The comprehensive training in infection prevention and control improved the respondents’psychological health and job satisfaction.Further strengthening infection prevention and control training for oral health staff will increase their self-confidence,improve their mental health,and increase their job satisfaction.Conclusion:For oral health staff,it is particularly important to formulate an effective and operable preventive and control training program and then implement it in a standardized manner.

Research on the Low-carbon-high-value Agriculture Technology in the Comprehensive Improvement of Intra-county Environment Pollution——Taking the Development of Cultivation and Breeding Industry in the Ecological Cyclic Agricultural Garden in Shaoshan Irri

The comprehensive improvement strategy of intra-county environment pollution in the city and countryside was searched.By the research method which combined the microscopic view,the macroscopic view with the dynamic perspective,the seriousness of rural water quality,soil and atmospheric pollution in Xiangxiang,Xiangtan and the surrounding areas in Shaoshan irrigated area was revealed.The control measure which was 'four-dimensional pollution in the city and countryside'—— low-carbon-high-value agriculture and the technology innovation was proposed.The low-carbon-high-value technology innovation industrialization demonstration in three parts which included the pre-production,mid-production and post-production deep-processing of cultivation and breeding industry in the ecological cyclic agricultural garden in Shaoshan irrigated area was the driving force.We tried to propel the low-carbon ecological cultivation and breeding industry which included the paddy rice,grass,tree,medicinal herbs and pig,cow,chick,duck,fish.We wanted to relieve the structural unbalance of previous cultivation and breeding industry,'cheap grain hurting the farmers' and the short-leg problem of social-economic-ecological benefit.The results showed that the low-carbon-high-value agricultural system was a poly-generation technology system which promoted the multi-level and grading utilization,saved the energy,reduced the consumption and cleaned the production based on the ecology.

Construction Technology and Safety Risk Control Measures of Deep Foundation Pit Excavation

Deep foundation pit excavation is a basic and key step involved in modern building construction.In order to ensure the construction quality and safety of deep foundation pits,this paper takes a project as an example to analyze deep foundation pit excavation technology,including the nature of this construction project,the main technical measures in the construction of deep foundation pit,and the analysis of the safety risk prevention and control measures.The purpose of this analysis is to provide scientific reference for the construction quality and safety of deep foundation pits.

Integrated Prevention and Control System for Soil Erosion in Typical Black Soil Region of Northeast China

The black soil region of Northeast China is one of the most important food production bases and commodity grain bases in China. However, the continual loss and degradation of precious black soil resources has led to direct threats to national food security and regional sustainable development. Therefore, it is necessary to summarize integrated prevention and control experience of small watersheds in black soil region of Northeast China. Tongshuang small watershed, a typical watershed in rolling hills of typical black soil areas in Northeast China, is selected as the study area. Based on nearly 50 years' experience in prevention and control of soil and water loss, the structures and overall benefits of an integrated prevention and control system for soil and water loss are investigated. Then, the 'three defense lines' tri-dimensional protection system with reasonable allocation of different types of soil and water control measures from the hill top to gully is systematically analyzed. The first line on the top hill can weaken and block uphill runoff and sediment, hold water resources and improve soil property. The second line on the hill can truncate slope length, slow down the runoff velocity and reduce erosion energy. The third line in the gully is mainly composed of waterfall engineering, which can inhibit soil erosion and restore land resources. The 'three defense lines' system is feasible for soil and water loss control of small watersheds in the typical black soil region of Northeast China. Through the application of the in Tongshuang small watershed, There are effective improvements in ecological conditions in Tongshuang small watershed after the application of 'three defense lines' soil and water control system. Moreover, the integrated treatment paradigm for soil and water loss in typical black soil region is compared with that in loess region. The results of this study could offer references and experiences for other small watersheds in typical black soil region of Northeast China.

Occurrence and Prevention and Control Progresses of Chilades pandava in Cycas spp.

The occurrence and comprehensive prevention and control progresses of Chilades pandava in Cycas spp. are summarized from the aspects of classification and geographic distribution, ecological characteristics, damage and development rules, and comprehensive prevention and control technology, in order to provide a reference for further prevention and control against C. pandava in Cycas spp.

Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Control of Major Sugarcane Diseases and Pests in Low Latitude Plateau

This research was aimed at the defects in traditional artificial spraying control method and the problems such as the difficulty in pesticides applying,labor shortage and low operating efficiency in the middle and late stage of sugarcane high stalk crops.The aerial pesticide application technology for sugarcane main diseases and pests was systematically developed and demonstrated from the aspects of aircraft type choice,selection of special pesticides and auxiliaries,integration of pesticides and equipment,field operation,technical specifications,and large-scale application organization mode.The UAV model and flight technical parameters suitable for the sugarcane planting area in low-latitude plateau were analyzed,and the optimal agent formulation combination and application technology of the UAV flight control were screened out,and the UAV flight control was applied to the major sugarcane pests and diseases control in the low-latitude plateau in large scale(UAV flight control was popularized and applied to 15 527 hm 2 in 2018).The research results provided mature whole-process technical support for the normalization of the application of the UVA flight control of major sugarcane pests and diseases.The UAV control technology for major sugarcane pests and diseases had the advantages of ultra-low pesticides applying dosage and high operating efficiency,and could effectively solve the problems such as the difficulty in pesticides applying,labor shortage and low operating efficiency in the middle late growth stage of high stalk crops.This technology successfully opened up a simple,efficient and new way for the effective control of major sugarcane pests and diseases,and practically accelerated the process of integrated control and prevention of sugarcane pests and diseases.In addition,this technology had an extremely significant effect on reducing the loss of sugarcane farmers and enterprises caused by the epidemic and outbreak of sugarcane pests and diseases,increasing sugarcane yield and sugar content.At the same time,this technology played an important role in realizing the whole-process precise control of sugarcane pests and diseases,improving the quality and increasing the efficiency of sugarcane,and guaranteeing the national sugar safety.