Establish Green Industry System,Improve the Comprehensive Utilization Level of Salt Lake Resources,and Create A New Pattern of Green Sustainable Development in Qaidam Basin

Qaidam Basin in Qinghai Province has rich multiple complex resources with salt lakes as the core.These resources form a special condition for the development of green economy,having rare and particular nature.The

Exploiting pattern and sustainable development of marginal lands in the Three Gorge Reservoir Areas

This paper studied the distribution and utilization status, reasonable exploitation patterns and potential productivity, and sustainable development of marginal lands in the Three Gorge Reservoir Areas. It has been pointed that problems of the soil fertility degradation, poor productivity in crop lands, natural disasters and environmental deterioration existed in all the exploited marginal lands. In order to maintain the sustainability of the marginal lands, following measure have been proposed: prohibiting cultivation in the crop lands with a slope more than 25°, restoring vegetation in the slope more than 25°, strengthening the basic agricultural construction, establishing the production base of woody feeds and oils, establishing a multi dimensional management model with reasonable structure and optimum function for forestry, agriculture and fishing.

Problems and countermeasures for land exploitation and utilization in China's development areas

s: The planning area and developing area in China's l29 national and 584 provincial development areas cover 8000 km2 and l500 km2 respectively. By typical field investigations we found that China's development areas have the characteristics of abundant categories, excessive quantities, large scales and dense localities in coastlands, border areas and river banks. And their utilization have 4 features of mainly collecting and occupying agricultural lands, minor rebuilding of old city; mainly taking up cultivated lands, minor exploiting and utilizing barren mountains and bleak sloping lands; collecting and occupying lands at first, utilizing afterwards; using large quantities of lands but obtaining comparatively fewer benefits. According to the analyses, China's development areas can be concluded into one of the four categories: constructed from cultivated lands, reconstructed from old cities, constructed from coastlands and islands, and constructed from barren mountains and desolate sloping lands. Their corresponding problems of unsuitable planning and distribution leaving cultivated lands unused, low remission price and chaotic management measures are analyzed in detail and the countermeasures are put forward. These include planning and distribution the lands in an integrated way, managing all these lands in a unified system. improving the growth pattern of their economy, and advancing their utilization and output ratios.

Evaluation of Intensive Land Utilization based on Anti-planning Concept

Based on the gist of anti-planning,evaluation standards and methods of intensive land utilization were re-examined according to the inverse planning procedures.Significant role of compulsory non-development zone(similar to the traditional"non-construction land")among the planning fruits in the intensive utilization of urban land resources and relevant index weights in the evaluation system were re-weighed.In land evaluation,relevant control indexes of compulsory non-development zone were first calculated and evaluated,healthy and sustainable development coefficients of land were obtained and regarded as the core content of the whole evaluation system.

Examining the pathway and mechanism of comprehensive land consolidation through the lens of rural neo-endogenous development

Land consolidation(LC) stands as a globally recognized strategy for rural development. In China, it has evolved towards comprehensive land consolidation(CLC) to support the rural revitalization initiative. However, there are ongoing challenges in understanding CLC's specific pathway and mechanism, particularly its role in stimulating rural endogenous development. This study aims to investigate the localization process of international experiences, examine the pathway of CLC, and scrutinize its mechanism in rural development from a novel perspective of neo-endogenous development. Field research and semi-structured interviews were conducted in Nanzhanglou village, renowned for its early adoption of CLC practices inspired by German experiences since 1988. Overall, key findings underscore the advantages of CLC in spatial restructuring, industrial development, and human capital enhancement in rural areas. Additionally, international experiences emerge as crucial exogenous forces, primarily by knowledge embedding, which catalyzes rural neo-endogenous development via the “resource-engagement-identity-endogenous” mechanism. Collectively, by introducing a neo-endogenous theoretical framework, this study offers valuable insights into the CLC implementation in China and beyond, and emphasizes the positive impact of knowledge embedding as an exogenous force in promoting rural neo-endogenous development to address existing research gaps. Recommendations for sustainable rural development involve enhancing rural planning practicality, governance capacity, and local leadership, while prioritizing agricultural modernization and increasing investments in education and vocational training to ensure that villagers benefit from industrial development.

Understanding the change of land space utilization efficiency with different functions and its coupling coordination: A case study of Urban Agglomeration in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, China

Land spaces function in capacities of urban development,agricultural production,and ecological conservation,among many others.Research of land space utilization efficiency(LSUE)and coupling coordination relationships among its subsystems are significant for sustainable land space development.In this study,taking the Urban Agglomeration in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River(UAMRYR)as the study area,we establish a measurement index system to evaluate the LSUE(2000–2018)and analyze its coupling coordination degree by utilizing an improved coupling coordination model.The main results include the following.(1)The average efficiency levels of urban space and agricultural space in the UAMRYR increased 2000–2018,while the average efficiency of ecological space declined.(2)The spatial pattern of the LSUE values varied greatly,with the distributions of high-efficiency and low-efficiency levels significantly different.(3)The coupling degree of LSUE includes three types,i.e.,high-level coupling,break-in,and antagonism.Each coupling degree type was characterized by change over time.(4)The proportion of areas with high coupling coordination and moderate coupling coordination increased from 2000 to 2018,while the proportion of areas with basic coupling coordination,moderate imbalance,and serious imbalance declined during this period.Given that the spatial differentiation of the LSUE and its coupling coordination,it is necessary to implement a differential land space development strategy in the UAMRYR.This study is helpful to promote the efficient utilization and coordinated development of land space utilization systems.

Hydraulic Energy Development of Changjiang Valley in First 5 Decades of 21st Century

The Changjiang River Valley is rich in hydraulic energy resources. A rough estimation of the technically developable volume and the economically developable volume for the Changjiang River Valley was drawn out on the basis of new data. According to the estimation, the developable water energy resources of the whole valley is 257 627.60 MW with an annual energy output of 1 195.142 billion kW·h - respectively amounting to 120.6% and 116.3% of the General Investigation result in 1980. The proportion of economically developable volume in the technically developable volume ranges the medium level in the world. According to the 3-step plan for the national economic and social development, the economic situation of our country will come up to the standard of medium-developed countries in the mid of the 21st century. Calculation reports from related departments show that the national electric power requirement in the Year 2050 will be 6 200 billion kW·h (basic scheme) ～11 600 billion kW·h (ideal scheme) while the electric power requirement of the South-west, Central and East areas of the nation within the Changjiang River Valley will amount to 44% ～ 50 %. In order to satisfy the electric power requirement of the national economic and social development, the development and utilization of the hydraulic energy in the Changjiang River Valley should be speeded up by stressing its strategic position and taking effective measures. The structure of the electric energy components of the three areas will be improved with the increasing proportion of the hydroelectricity. The hydroelectricity should be mainly developed in the South-west area; both the hydroelectric and fossil-fired power should be developed in the Central China; the fossil-fired power should be mainly developed in the combination of hydropower while nuclear power will be properly developed in the East China. In the Year 2050, the development of the economically developable hydraulic energy in the whole valley will be basically completed and the proportion of the hydropower in the electric energy components will be 40%.

Science and Technology of China Onshore Petroleum Industry Towards 21st Century（Part 4）

ＳｃｉｅｎｃｅａｎｄＴｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｙｏｆＣｈｉｎａＯｎｓｈｏｒｅＰｅｔｒｏｌｅｕｍＩｎｄｕｓｔｒｙＴｏｗａｒｄｓ２１ｓｔＣｅｎｔｕｒｙ（Ｐａｒｔ４）ＦｕＣｈｅｎｇｄｅ，ＬｉｕＢｉｎｇｙｉａｎｄＧａｏＣｈａｏ（ＳｃｉｅｎｃｅａｎｄＴｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇ...

“一带一路”倡议下产业布局引导地区开发实践——以孟加拉Baherchar Island地区综合开发规划为例

我国的城镇化发展在管理模式与实践上有着鲜明的中国特色。在“一带一路”的倡议下,走出国门、形成国际化共识,已经成为中国工程技术领域的重要发展方向。产业空间布局具备高度引领与基础保障的双重属性,在操作性和客观需求方面可以满足“一带一路”沿线国家的迫切需要。通过“一带一路”国际合作项目也可以帮助国内的工程师拓宽国际视野,形成一种标准化的、可供借鉴和学习的工程实践模式。

镍资源找矿突破与综合开发利用

镍资源是国民经济发展的重要战略资源,也是重要的关键矿产;我国是全球最大的镍金属消费国,也是镍金属原料稀缺国,镍矿产原料对外依存度居高不下,亟需实现镍资源找矿突破、推动镍资源综合开发利用、拓宽镍资源进口渠道,保障镍资源安全稳定供给。本文在综合分析镍产业最新数据的基础上,梳理了全球和我国镍资源禀赋、供需现状,总结了国内外镍矿床成因类型、时空分布规律和找矿前景,分析了我国镍资源产业发展和供应保障面临的问题,提出了镍矿勘查开发的关键技术及综合利用途径。为保障稳定供应和安全发展,从国际和国内两方面提出了我国镍资源保障路径及对策。在国际方面,稳定以印度尼西亚、菲律宾为代表的重要镍资源进口市场,加大投资镍资源海外矿业项目,增强中资企业的国际竞争能力;加强国际合作,实现镍资源进口渠道的多元化。在国内方面,加大镍资源勘查力度;加强镍资源综合利用,提高再生镍资源利用率;优化传统技术工艺,调整产业结构;强化镍资源储备基地建设,保障有效增储;重视海底铁锰结核等潜在镍矿资源的开采技术研究。

投入固定视角下的中国城市节能减排分析

基于最小调整策略的固定投入和DEA模型得到均衡前沿面,提出了节能减排绩效测量模型和综合效率测量模型,对中国城市节能减排效率开展了研究.结果表明,在考虑土地利用的情况下,中国城市的节能减排效率显著降低;中国城市土地供不应求问题逐步得到改善,但土地供需缺口依然较大;五线城市的土地利用效率不高,但是节能减排效率却呈逐年递增;85%的样本城市没能实现土地利用和节能减排的双赢.研究结果为政府在宏观和中观层面制定城市经济可持续发展政策提供了一定的理论和现实依据.

硫酸亚铁制备实验的课程思政设计

硫酸亚铁的制备是典型的无机制备实验。按绿色化学的要求对实验方法进行改进,将废弃Fe资源综合利用,合成可用于抗贫血药物的重要原料硫酸亚铁,并按照药典的标准进行分析检测。学生强化了称量、除杂、加热、溶解、蒸发、结晶以及固液分离等实验基本技能,认识了Fe等废弃资源综合利用的重要性,进一步明了Fe的性质与生命健康之间的关系,体会化学在改善环境、促进人类健康和社会发展中的重要作用,增强了专业自信心和自豪感,对学生能力培养和素质发展具有良好的促进作用。

堰塞坝开发利用综合评价方法与应用

现阶段堰塞坝开发利用工程设计建设大多沿用传统土石坝相关技术理论,应急抢险、风险分析及开发利用可行性分析完成后,缺少针对堰塞坝开发利用效果的定量评价方法。通过分析社会及生态、供水灌溉、发电功能及投资回报等堰塞坝开发利用需求,建立堰塞坝开发利用综合评价指标体系和多级模糊综合评价模型,引入云模型改进的层次分析法确定各指标权重,结合构建的隶属度函数确定各指标隶属度,并以红石岩、唐家山、白格、舟曲泥石流堰塞坝为典型案例,综合评价国内典型堰塞坝开发利用效果。结果表明:堰塞坝开发利用综合评价体系满足需求效果及收益最大化的评价要求,改进的多级模糊综合评价模型较好地解决了评价指标随机性、离散性等问题;综合评价结果与工程实际情况基本相符,评价体系及模型具有较好的适用性。研究成果可为堰塞坝开发利用综合评价提供理论参考和实践依据。

全生命周期视角下耕地利用碳排放时空特征及脱钩效应研究

基于农作物全生命周期的视角,利用联合国政府间国际气候变化专门委员会(IPCC)碳排放系数法测算了安徽省耕地利用过程中各类碳源的碳排放量,分析了其耕地利用碳排放的空间分布差异和时间发展特征;进一步通过构造TAPIO脱钩模型,分别从减排弹性、节能弹性、发展弹性三个方面对安徽省耕地利用碳排放与经济发展的脱钩程度进行分析。研究发现:安徽省耕地资源利用的碳排放呈现总体下降且由北向南递减的趋势;安徽省耕地资源利用的碳排放与经济发展总体上弱脱钩状态,呈现由北向南强度递增趋势,且地区间差异显著。

施甸县水长-姚关富硒土地资源分布与开发利用探讨

2022年中国地质学会评审认定“云南省施甸县(姚关镇、旧城乡)天然富硒地块”为天然富硒土地。施甸县共圈定一般富硒土地面积255.43km^(2),表层土壤中Se元素含量平均值0.45mg/kg,平均含量大于滇西地区表层土壤平均值(0.41 mg/kg)和全国土壤A层平均值(0.29 mg/kg)。一般富硒耕地划分了5大特色农业种植区,24个特色农业种植小区,打造出施甸特色富硒品牌,将资源优势转化为产业和经济优势,促进乡村振兴。

磷石膏的综合利用及其在建筑材料领域的应用研究进展

磷石膏是湿法制备磷肥工艺过程中的副产物,主要物相是CaSO_(4)·2H_(2)O。我国磷石膏产量居世界第一,综合利用率却不到50%,堆存量已达8亿吨,对生态环境造成了严重破坏,因此,探索磷石膏的有效利用途径已迫在眉睫。本文对磷石膏综合利用主要领域的研究现状进行了分析,其中磷石膏在化工领域的利用率仅有5%,在农业领域的利用率也只有2%,而建筑材料领域是目前磷石膏的主要应用领域。目前将磷石膏应用于水泥缓凝剂、石膏砌块和水泥砂浆已经实现了工业化;将磷石膏应用于胶凝材料和路基材料,由于浸出毒性的问题,并未大规模应用;将磷石膏用作填充剂则因为材料强度较低,仅仅停留于实验室探索阶段。最后展望了未来无害化利用磷石膏技术研究的发展趋势,以期为解决磷石膏的堆存问题提供参考。

基于试卷分析探讨线上线下混合式教学效果——以“中药资源综合利用与产品开发”课程为例

定量分析了信阳农林学院中药资源与开发专业2019级2个班级的“中药资源综合利用与产品开发”课程期末考试的结果,评估了基于“三个阶段+三个目标+两性一度+认知提升”模式下的线上线下混合式教学改革的质量,为改进教学方法和提高考试试卷质量提供依据。结果显示,整套试卷难度系数为0.78,区分度为0.51,信度系数为0.94。以中药资源为原料的食品开发这一知识单元的得分率最高,达92.25%。可见,该试卷难度适中、区分度较好、可信有效,线上线下混合式教学改革质量可靠,有助于提高人才培养质量。

宁夏城市建设用地节约集约利用与高质量发展耦合协调研究

当前中国进入高质量发展阶段,缓解城市快速扩张伴随的土地利用粗放问题对城市可持续发展具有重要意义。现有研究多单方面关注城市建设用地节约集约水平或高质量发展状态,较少讨论两系统间的耦合协调关系。通过构建多维指标体系,测度2018年宁夏22个区县城市建设用地节约集约利用水平和高质量发展状态,并采用耦合协调度、相对发展度和影响协调力分析两系统间的耦合协调关系。结果表明:(1)2018年宁夏城市建设用地节约集约水平呈现出“中部低、南北高”的分布态势,而高质量发展水平呈现出“西北高、东南低”的空间分布格局。(2)两系统耦合协调度空间上呈现出“中部低、南北高”的分布格局,宁夏大部分区县处于基本协调状态且两系统关系呈良性循环。(3)创新和安全子系统对两系统的耦合协调度普遍起反向阻滞作用;绿色和协调子系统对两系统的耦合协调度普遍起正向推动作用。研究结果可为黄河流域高质量发展情境下促进建设用地节约集约利用提供实证依据。

盾构渣土余泥处理与应用技术

我国的盾构施工技术已经较为成熟,盾构渣土余泥作为盾构施工中产生的建筑废弃物,其资源化发展和综合性应用也正受到社会的广泛关注。本文详细介绍了盾构渣土余泥的理化性能,并整理了脱水技术和除铁技术两大预处理技术。而在盾构渣土余泥的综合利用方面,本文围绕其作为盾构施工的辅助材料、利用其潜在水硬性生产高性能产品以及制作烧结类产品等几个方面做了重点介绍。盾构渣土余泥的资源化发展和综合性的应用具有较高的市场前景,也具有深远的环保意义。

土地发展权视角下全域土地综合整治工具探索——以佛山市南海区“三券”为例

全域土地综合整治是稳妥推进农村土地制度改革的关键抓手。在全域土地综合整治中,不同的整治模式会造成土地发展权的非均衡配置,使得被赋予土地发展权的项目容易实施、被削减或终止土地发展权的项目难以实施。本文从土地发展权视角出发,探究了南海区“三券”政策的三个典型案例,分析了“三券”政策的实施机制,指出“三券”政策实质上是通过土地发展权的补偿和转移来保护村集体利益、助力实施全域土地综合整治的有效工具和重要路径。建立和完善土地发展权转移和补偿机制,有利于推进实施全域土地综合整治、解决因土地性质变化而产生的土地收益“暴损”问题,有利于以全域土地综合整治为牵引深化农村土地制度改革,促进乡村振兴和城乡融合发展。