Hot compressive behavior of Ti-3.0Al-3.7Cr-2.0Fe-0.1B titanium alloy

The hot deformation behavior of Ti-3.0Al-3.7Cr-2.0Fe-0.1B (TACFB) titanium alloy was investigated using a Gleeble-1500D thermal simulator in the temperature range of 800-950 °C, at constant strain rate from 0.01 s-1 to 10 s-1 and with height reduction of 70%. Flow stress and microstructure evolution during hot compression of TACFB alloy were investigated. The processing map of TACFB alloy was obtained. The results indicate that the hot deformation behavior of TACFB alloy is sensitive to the deformation temperature and strain rate. The peak flow stress decreases with increasing the test temperature and decreasing the strain rate. The constitutive relationship of TACFB alloy was obtained on the base of Arrhenius equations. When the strain rates are higher than 1.0 s-1, the dynamic recrystallization occurs, and the higher the strain rates are, the more the recrystallization is.

Effect of cryostructures on the uniaxial compressive strength of frozen clay

Unconfined uniaxial compressive tests were performed to study the influence of cryostructure on frozen clay's behavior,such as strain-stress,compressive strength,and failure characteristics,at temperatures varying from-10 to-2°C and strain rates varying from 1.0×10-5to 1.0×10-3s-1.Artificial samples were prepared of three types:(1)integral structure,(2)laminar structure,and(3)reticular structure.The impact of temperature,strain rate,and cryostructure on the mechanical properties is discussed.In general,frozen clay with various cryostructures shows strain-softening behavior in the range of testing temperatures and strain rates.For frozen clay of different cryostructures,the ultimate compressive strength increases with increasing strain rate and decreasing temperature.Under the same testing conditions,the ultimate compressive strengths from high to low are in integral samples,laminar samples,and reticular samples.Failure strain of frozen clay generally increases with increasing temperature and does not indicate any correlation with cryostructure or strain rate.The failure mode of integral and reticular samples was shear failure,while laminar samples showed tensile failure.

Compressive Performance of Fiber Reinforced Recycled Aggregate Concrete by Basalt Fiber Reinforced Polymer-Polyvinyl Chloride Composite Jackets

The development of recycled aggregate concrete(RAC)provides a new approach to limiting the waste of natural resources.In the present study,the mechanical properties and deformability of RACs were improved by adding basalt fibers(BFs)and using external restraints,such as a fiber-reinforced polymer(FRP)jacket or a PVC pipe.Samples were tested under axial compression.The results showed that RAC(50%replacement of aggregate)containing 0.2%BFs had the best mechanical properties.Using either BFs or PVC reinforcement had a slight effect on the loadbearing capacity and mode of failure.With different levels of BFs,the compressive strengths of the specimens reinforced with 1-layer and 3-layer basalt fiber reinforced polymer(BFRP)increased by 6.7%–10.5%and 16.5%–23.7%,respectively,and the ultimate strains increased by 48.5%–80.7%and 97.1%–141.1%,respectively.The peak stress of the 3-layer BFRP-PVC increased by 42.2%,and the ultimate strain improved by 131.3%,relative to the control.This reinforcement combined the high tensile strength of BFRP,which improved the post-peak behavior,and PVC,which enhanced the structural durability.In addition,to investigate the influence of the various constraints on compressive behavior,the stress-strain response was analyzed.Based on the analysis of experimental results,a peak stress-strain model and an amended ultimate stress-strain model were proposed.The models were verified as well;the result showed that the predictions from calculations are generally consistent with the experimental data(error within 10%).The results of this study provide a theoretical basis and reference for future applications of fiber-reinforced recycled concrete.

bStudy on constitutive relationship of coal based on conventional triaxial compression test

Constitutive relationship of coal under triaxial compression must be determined during solving the theoretical calculation and numerical simulation about coal body failure. This paper carried out conventional triaxial compression test on No.3 coal of Baodian Colliery using MTS815.03 servo-controlled rock mechanical test system. The results indicate that the failure process of coal can be divided into 5 stages： densification stage, apparent linear elastic deformation stage, accelerated inelastic deformation stage, fracture and developing stage and plasticity flow stage. Combined with the test results, the constitutive relationship model of coal can be simplified as the four segments of straight line model of elastic-plastic hardening-plastic softening-residual perfectly plastic. Through fitting calculation of test data, the segmented constitutive equation of coal can be obtained.

Compression Behaviors of Parallel Bamboo Strand Lumber Under Static Loading

In order to investigate the influence of length and compression directions upon behaviour of parallel bamboo strand lumber(PBSL)specimens,240 axial compression tests have been performed.With three similar one different typical failure modes,the mechanical performance for PBSL specimens under compression parallel to grain and perpendicular to grain are different as a whole.From the point of the characteristic values,the compression strength parallel to grain is 2.1 times of the compression strength perpendicular to grain.The elastic modulus for compression parallel to grain is 3.64 times of the compression strength perpendicular to grain.While the compression ratios along two compression directions are equal to each other.The bigger Poisson ratios for one typical side surface is 3.93 times of that for another typical side surface for PBSL specimens under compression perpendicular to grain,and the bigger value is equal to that for PBSL specimens under compression parallel to grain.Length can influence the mechanical properties of the PBSL specimens.The size 50 mm×50 mm×100 mm should be good choice for the standard or code to measure the compression strength.PBSL materials have better ductility under compression parallel to grain than that under compression perpendicular to grain.Stress-strain relationship models were proposed for PBSL specimens under compression parallel to grain and perpendicular to grain,respectively.These proposed models gave a good agreement with the test results.

FAILURE MODE AND CONSTITUTIVE MODEL OF PLAIN HIGH-STRENGTH HIGH-PERFORMANCE CONCRETE UNDER BIAXIAL COMPRESSION AFTER EXPOSURE TO HIGH TEMPERATURES

An orthotropic constitutive relationship with temperature parameters for plain highstrength high-performance concrete （HSHPC） under biaxial compression is developed. It is based on the experiments performed for characterizing the strength and deformation behavior at two strength levels of HSHPC at 7 different stress ratios including a=σs ： σ3=0.00：-1,-0.20：-1,-0.30 ： -1,-0.40：-1,-0.50：-1,-0.75：-1,-1.00：-1, after the exposure to normal and high temperatures of 20, 200, 300, 400, 500 and 600℃, and using a large static-dynamic true triaxial machine. The biaxial tests were performed on 100 mm×100 mm×100 mm cubic specimens, and friction-reducing pads were used consisting of three layers of plastic membrane with glycerine in-between for the compressive loading plane. Based on the experimental results, failure modes of HSHPC specimens were described. The principal static compressive strengths, strains at the peak stress and stress-strain curves were measured; and the influence of the temperature and stress ratios on them was also analyzed. The experimental results showed that the uniaxial compressive strength of plain HSHPC after exposure to high temperatures does not decrease dramatically with the increase of temperature. The ratio of the biaxial to its uniaxial compressive strength depends on the stress ratios and brittleness-stiffness of HSHPC after exposure to different temperature levels. Comparison of the stress-strain results obtained from the theoretical model and the experimental data indicates good agreement.

Stress-strain relationship of unsaturated cohesive soil

A moisture-content based constitutive model was proposed based on the hyperbolic model as an attempt to move towards the implementation of unsaturated soil mechanics into routine geotechnical engineering practice. The stress-strain behavior of in-situ soil at a depth of 5 m was investigated by conducting undrained triaxial compression tests using the remolded soil samples. The test results show that the stress-strain relationship of unsaturated cohesive soil is still hyperbolic. The values of parameters a and b given in the model decrease with increasing the confining pressure for soil samples with the same moisture content and increase with increasing the moisture content for soil samples under the same confining pressure. The relationships between parameters a, b and moisture content were studied for confining pressures of 100, 150, 200 and 250 kPa. The comparison between the measured and predicted stress-strain curves for an additional group of soil samples, having a moisture content of 25.4%, shows that the proposed moisture content-dependent hyperbolic model provides a good prediction of stress-strain behavior of unsaturated cohesive soil.

木塑空心柱轴压力学性能试验与有限元分析

为探究木塑复合材料用作低密度装配式建筑承重柱的可行性,通过材性测试和轴压试验评估共挤出木塑空心柱的轴压力学性能,并利用ABAQUS有限元分析软件模拟探究木塑空心柱壁厚、长细比和内置薄壁圆钢管壁厚对其极限承载力、变形能力和破坏模式的影响。模拟分析结果与试验测试数据高度一致,验证了模拟方法的有效性。试验研究表明,木塑空心柱主要通过局部压溃破坏,并表现出明显的弹塑性阶段。有限元分析结果表明,增加壁厚能提高木塑空心柱的初始刚度和极限承载力,其中8 mm厚度在成本、重量及承载能力方面具有最佳性价比。随着长细比的增加,木塑空心柱的承载力和刚度逐渐降低,破坏模式也从强度破坏转向失稳破坏。内置3 mm薄壁钢管显著增强了木塑空心柱的承载力和延性,其力学性能能够满足建筑对抗压承重构件的要求。

圆钢管超高性能混凝土短柱偏压力学性能研究

为研究钢管超高性能混凝土短柱的偏压性能,以荷载偏心率和钢管径厚比为变化参数,设计了12个圆钢管UHPC短柱试件并对其进行偏心受压加载试验,分析了该类构件的破坏模式、荷载-挠度曲线、钢管应变和变形系数等,考察了主要因素对短柱偏压性能的影响规律。结果表明:试件的破坏特征为钢管屈服和核心混凝土压坏;荷载-挠度曲线有较明显的峰值点,偏心率越大和径厚比越小,曲线的下降段越平缓;达到60%峰值荷载时,钢管开始产生明显的约束作用,达到90%峰值荷载时,截面变形不再符合平截面假定;偏心率增大使试件的承载力和刚度下降,而径厚比减小可降低这种不利影响。在试验基础上,结合数值模拟对短柱的N-M曲线进行分析,建立了临界偏心率和套箍系数的关系表达式,并基于此提出短柱偏压承载力实用计算方法,理论与试验结果吻合较好。

矿山充填新型胶凝材料添加量与充填体抗压强度关系研究

工业废渣粉煤灰具有胶凝特性,基于此成功研制出一种用于矿山井下充填的新型胶凝材料。为能够在不同抗压强度要求下快速准确地计算出胶凝材料的添加量,通过进行抗压强度试验,并利用一元线性回归法拟合出不同养护龄期下充填试块抗压强度与胶凝材料添加量之间的数量关系。研究结果表明,研发的新型胶凝材料不仅有效地解决了粉煤灰排放所带来的环境污染问题,同时由于以粉煤灰为主要成分的胶凝材料成本相对低廉,降低了充填成本,使充填采矿法在矿山开采中能得到更广泛的应用。

钢渣与橡胶混合细集料混凝土力学性能与本构关系研究

文中采用橡胶颗粒替换部分钢渣细集料,分别制备出了橡胶含量为0%、10%、20%、30%、40%的钢渣与橡胶混合细集料混凝土.对钢渣与橡胶混合细集料混凝土的标准立方体抗压强度、轴心抗压强度、劈裂强度、抗折强度、弹性模量和本构关系等力学指标进行系统的分析与试验研究.结果表明:当橡胶掺量从0%~40%增大时,钢渣与橡胶混合细集料混凝土的抗压强度、抗折强度、弹性模量等均呈现下降的趋势.提出了钢渣与橡胶混合细集料混凝土的本构关系模型,理论值与试验值吻合较好,可应用于钢渣与橡胶混合细集料混凝土结构的受力分析.

昆明泥炭土压缩指标与基本物理指标相关性研究

泥炭土作为一种对建筑物沉降有着重要影响的特殊土,其压缩指标是影响工程安全的关键指标。对昆明地区勘察数据中的压缩系数和压缩指数进行了回归分析,并建立了回归模型,开展了昆明地区4个不同场地泥炭土一维固结试验,基于试验结果和国内外类似经验公式验证了回归模型的适用性。结果表明:压缩系数α_(1-2)、压缩指数C_(c)与天然含水率ω_(0)、初始孔隙比e_(0)具有高度相关线性关系,其中压缩指数与初始孔隙比的关系为C_(c)=0.15e_(0)-0.17;回归模型与试验结果及国内外类似经验公式有较好的一致性。

橡胶粗细集料含量对FRP约束橡胶混凝土应力-应变关系的影响

为研究橡胶粗细集料体积分数对纤维增强复合材料(fiber reinforced polymer, FRP)约束橡胶混凝土应力-应变关系的影响,提出了橡胶粗细集料体积替换率的概念,并通过收集已发表文献的110组应力-应变关系试验曲线,分析了橡胶粗细集料体积替换率对FRP约束不同截面橡胶混凝土柱应力-应变关系关键参数的影响,基于分析结果建立了FRP约束橡胶混凝土的应力-应变关系模型和抗压强度模型,两个模型中均考虑了橡胶粗细集料体积替换率和橡胶混凝土截面形状的影响.模型评估结果表明:随着橡胶粗细集料体积替换率、FRP约束应力比和截面倒角半径比的增加,FRP约束橡胶混凝土的抗压强度均呈增大的趋势;建立的抗压强度模型可准确预测橡胶颗粒取代部分细集料或粗细集料的FRP约束橡胶混凝土抗压强度,平均误差仅为1.03;建立的应力-应变关系模型能够较好预测FRP约束橡胶混凝土的应力-应变关系曲线变化.

粉煤灰再生混凝土力学性能试验研究

利用试验检测机构废弃的混凝土试块作为再生粗骨料的原材料,配制不同粗骨料取代率的混凝土,再加入适量粉煤灰,制成试件(取代率分别为0、30%、60%和100%),用于混凝土立方体抗压、劈裂抗拉、轴心抗压和弹性模量试验,通过观察其破坏过程和破坏形态,获取荷载-位移全过程曲线,研究并提出了本构方程。试验结果表明,粉煤灰再生骨料混凝土与天然骨料混凝土相比,各项力学指标随着再生骨料取代率的增大先是呈现增长趋势,当达到峰值后,各项力学指标均下降;两者的应力-应变曲线具有相似的形状,在上升阶段,再生混凝土与天然混凝土的应力-应变曲线变化不大,但在下降段再生混凝土的应力-应变曲线急剧下降。

细观非均匀介质中的耦合波动传播

非均匀介质在自然界中十分常见,针对细观非均匀介质的波动力学行为和非均匀性描述的研究具有重要意义并充满挑战。建立了反映细观非均匀材料压剪耦合特性的一般压剪耦合本构关系,提出了描述材料非均匀性的耦合系数,并建立了广义波动方程。广义波动方程数值分析表明,耦合系数的正负、取值和组合与应力/应变张量共同影响耦合波动传播过程。作为算例,给出了一阶近似的压剪耦合参数确定的本构关系以及3个压剪耦合特征波速的表达式,并利用有限差分法得到了耦合压缩波和剪切波的传播过程。研究了4个非均匀性耦合系数对应力状态、耦合波速和波传播过程的影响。耦合压缩波速反映了剪切对压缩的耦合效应和体积压实效应2种机制的竞争,耦合剪切波速反映了压缩对剪切的耦合效应和介质持续畸变带来的剪切弱化效应2种机制的竞争。这些机制可通过压剪耦合参数的不同组合来实现。应用真三轴实验系统测量了花岗岩、由砂浆制成的模型材料、具有粗骨料的水泥砂浆制成的材料3种非均匀介质在不同压剪应力下的纵波波速。结果表明,体积压实效应普遍存在,而非均匀程度越高,材料伸缩的同时完成切向的畸变导致压缩波的速度显著降低,剪切对纵波波速的影响越占据主导。理论计算结果与实验结果整体趋势基本一致。本研究可为非均匀材料的波速和动态力学性能研究提供物理机制方面的解释。

胶结充填体早期损伤对后期力学性能的影响

目的为了探明胶结充填体早期损伤对后期承载性能的影响,方法通过开展早期受损充填体经养护一定龄期后的单轴压缩试验,以损伤龄期和压损程度为变量,以受损充填体的后期变形特性、抗压强度、弹性模量为后期力学性能评价指标,分析充填体损伤龄期和压损程度对其后期力学性能的影响规律。结果结果表明:在同一损伤龄期下,充填体在80%压损下后期峰值应力及残余应力最低;压损程度对龄期3,7 d的充填体后期变形特性影响较小,对龄期14,21 d的充填体后期变形特性弱化作用较大;80%以下的压损程度对龄期3,7 d充填体后期抗压强度影响较小,各个压损程度对龄期14,21 d充填体后期抗压强度影响较大,压损程度越大,后期抗压强度越低;各龄期充填体后期弹性模量均随压损程度的增大而增大。养护龄期14 d之后的充填体受损后对其后期力学性能影响显著,且不同压损程度对龄期14 d之后的充填体后期力学影响显著。结论研究结果可为上向水平充填采矿方法中充填质量的控制提供理论指导。

石粉-钢渣混凝土单轴受压应力-应变全曲线实验研究

为了探究单轴受压下石粉-钢渣混凝土的本构关系,根据正交试验方案配制了不同掺量钢渣砂(30%、40%、50%)、钢渣石(30%、40%、50%)、石粉(0%、7.5%、15%)的石粉-钢渣混凝土,对石粉-钢渣混凝土的应力-应变关系进行了实验研究,建立了单轴受压下石粉-钢渣混凝土的本构关系模型。实验结果表明:当受到单轴压力时,石粉-钢渣混凝土的破坏模式与普通混凝土相似,表现出斜剪切的特征。石粉-钢渣混凝土峰值应力、峰值应变及弹性模量随着钢渣骨料掺量的增加而提高。为了更好地模拟无量纲应力-应变曲线,本工作采用了Carreira and Chu模型的上升段和过镇海模型的下降段进行了分段拟合。结果表明,实验曲线与分段模型曲线吻合较好。

压缩感知提频技术在莺琼盆地W1井区地震资料处理中的应用

针对莺琼盆地W1井区地震资料分辨率低、砂体展布及叠置关系复杂的问题,综合莺琼盆地W1井区三个年份的原始资料,设计了一套包括预处理、去噪处理、偏移以及偏后处理的整套资料处理流程。在偏后处理中将压缩感知提频技术应用于叠前深度偏移剖面上,并与蓝色滤波提频技术、零相位反褶积提频技术进行了对比,体现了压缩感知提频技术的优势;运用压缩感知提频技术解决了莺琼盆地W1井区目前存在的地质问题,证明其在莺琼盆地W1井区后续开发实施上的合理性。结果表明:相较于其他两种提频技术,采用压缩感知提频技术可以保护主频以下可靠的低频信息,拓展高频,提高了资料的分辨率。通过压缩感知提频后的地震数据,气水关系更加清晰,砂体的叠置特征得以真实呈现,验证了其对后续油气勘探的指示意义。压缩感知提频技术作为一种新的地震资料处理技术,能够较好地解决地震资料分辨率低、砂体展布及叠置关系复杂等问题,值得在实际地震资料处理中推广应用。

环境荷载对CRTS Ⅰ型CA砂浆抗压强度与弹性模量定量关系的影响

抗压强度和弹性模量作为材料力学特性的表现,两者存在必然联系。为研究CRTSⅠ型水泥乳化沥青砂浆(CA砂浆)抗压强度与弹性模量内在关系及环境荷载的影响,利用电子万能试验机对CRTSⅠ型CA砂浆进行应力-应变压缩实验,建立CRTSⅠ型CA砂浆抗压强度和弹性模量的定量关系,分析龄期、浸水时间和干湿循环次数对CRTSⅠ型CA砂浆强度和弹性模量定量关系的影响。结果表明:单轴应力条件下CRTSⅠ型CA砂浆具有明显的速率效应,且随着加载速率的增大,CRTSⅠ型CA砂浆的弹性模量和抗压强度均增大,当加载速率从0.03 mm/min增加至30 mm/min时,CA砂浆的抗压强度和弹性模量分别增大1.96倍和1.47倍;CRTSⅠ型CA砂浆的力学性能受环境荷载影响较大,CRTSⅠ型CA砂浆的抗压强度和弹性模量随着浸水时间和干湿循环次数的增大而降低;CRTSⅠ型CA砂浆的弹性模量随抗压强度的增大而增大;不同工况下,CRTSⅠ型CA砂浆的弹性模量均随抗压强度的增大而增大,两者呈线性关系,拟合优度均在0.97以上;CRTSⅠ型CA砂浆的弹性模量与强度由其组成及微观特征决定,CRTSⅠ型CA砂浆的龄期、浸水时间和干湿循环次数对这种内在关系基本无影响。

宽温域宽应变率下丁羟四组元HTPB推进剂单轴压缩力学行为

为研究丁羟四组元端羟基聚丁二烯(HTPB)推进剂在宽温域宽应变率下的单轴压缩力学行为,基于万能材料试验机、高速液压伺服试验机、分离式霍普金森压杆,结合可程式恒温恒湿试验机等温控手段,开展了宽温域宽应变率下的推进剂单轴压缩力学性能实验,获取了-40,-25,-10,20,50℃5个温度下10-4~103 s-1应变率的丁羟四组元HTPB推进剂的应力应变曲线,并建立了HTPB推进剂的分段式单轴压缩率温本构关系。结果表明,HTPB推进剂的力学响应存在显著的率温相关性,在任意应变率下其力学响应都呈阶段性变化,即线弹性阶段⁃非线性屈服阶段⁃应变软化阶段或应变硬化阶段;且在高应变率下,非线性屈服行为后的应变软化现象明显弱于低、中应变率。此外,高应变率时,随着温度的降低,应力应变曲线的变化速率逐渐减缓;而低、中应变率却恰恰相反,随着温度的降低,应力应变曲线的变化速率逐渐加快。HTPB推进剂的力学强度随着温度的降低显著增大,温度从50℃降低至-40℃时,HTPB推进剂试件在宽应变率作用下的最大应力从2.2~8.8 MPa增长至约11~22 MPa。同时基于实验数据构建了分段式率温本构关系,发现其在温度较高时拟合效果更好,能够较好地预测HTPB推进剂的力学行为。