COMPUTER AIDED ANALYSIS FOR COLD ROLL FORMING THIN CHANNEL SECTION

Cold roll forming is a complicated metal processing, and its is very difficult to simulate the forming process. Based on the Updated-Lagrange method in the deformation mechanics, an elastic-plastic large deformation spline finite strip method is developed to analyze cold roll forming of a thin channel section. The longitudinal membrane strain values on the edge of the deformed strip for four one-pass sequences in different fold angles are got. Simulated results are compared with the results from previously conducted experiments. The deviation of the simulated peak strain values is within 30% compared with the experimental results.

Computer aided diabetic retinopathy detection based on ophthalmic photography: a systematic review and Meta-analysis

AIM: To ensure the diagnostic value of computer aided techniques in diabetic retinopathy(DR) detection based on ophthalmic photography(OP). METHODS: PubM ed, EMBASE, Ei village, IEEE Xplore and Cochrane Library database were searched systematically for literatures about computer aided detection(CAD) in DR detection. The methodological quality of included studies was appraised by the Quality Assessment Tool for Diagnostic Accuracy Studies(QUADAS-2). Meta-Di Sc was utilized and a random effects model was plotted to summarize data from those included studies. Summary receiver operating characteristic curves were selected to estimate the overall test performance. Subgroup analysis was used to identify the efficiency of CAD in detecting DR, exudates(EXs), microaneurysms(MAs) as well as hemorrhages(HMs), and neovascularizations(NVs). Publication bias was analyzed using STATA. RESULTS: Fourteen articles were finally included in this Meta-analysis after literature review. Pooled sensitivity and specificity were 90%(95%CI, 85%-94%) and 90%(95%CI, 80%-96%) respectively for CAD in DR detection. With regard to CAD in EXs detecting, pooled sensitivity, specificity were 89%(95%CI, 88%-90%) and99%(95%CI, 99%-99%) respectively. In aspect of MAs and HMs detection, pooled sensitivity and specificity of CAD were 42%(95%CI, 41%-44%) and 93%(95%CI, 93%-93%) respectively. Besides, pooled sensitivity and specificity were 94%(95%CI, 89%-97%) and 87%(95%CI, 83%-90%) respectively for CAD in NVs detection. No potential publication bias was observed. CONCLUSION: CAD demonstrates overall high diagnostic accuracy for detecting DR and pathological lesions based on OP. Further prospective clinical trials are needed to prove such effect.

Computer-aided texture analysis combined with experts' knowledge: Improving endoscopic celiac disease diagnosis

AIM: To further improve the endoscopic detection of intestinal mucosa alterations due to celiac disease(CD).METHODS: We assessed a hybrid approach based on the integration of expert knowledge into the computerbased classification pipeline. A total of 2835 endoscopic images from the duodenum were recorded in 290 children using the modified immersion technique(MIT). These children underwent routine upper endoscopy for suspected CD or non-celiac upper abdominal symptoms between August 2008 and December 2014. Blinded to the clinical data and biopsy results, three medical experts visually classified each image as normal mucosa(Marsh-0) or villous atrophy(Marsh-3). The experts' decisions were further integrated into state-of-the-arttexture recognition systems. Using the biopsy results as the reference standard, the classification accuracies of this hybrid approach were compared to the experts' diagnoses in 27 different settings.RESULTS: Compared to the experts' diagnoses, in 24 of 27 classification settings(consisting of three imaging modalities, three endoscopists and three classification approaches), the best overall classification accuracies were obtained with the new hybrid approach. In 17 of 24 classification settings, the improvements achieved with the hybrid approach were statistically significant(P < 0.05). Using the hybrid approach classification accuracies between 94% and 100% were obtained. Whereas the improvements are only moderate in the case of the most experienced expert, the results of the less experienced expert could be improved significantly in 17 out of 18 classification settings. Furthermore, the lowest classification accuracy, based on the combination of one database and one specific expert, could be improved from 80% to 95%(P < 0.001).CONCLUSION: The overall classification performance of medical experts, especially less experienced experts, can be boosted significantly by integrating expert knowledge into computer-aided diagnosis systems.

Regionalization of epididymal duct and epithelium in rats and mice by automatic computer-aided morphometric analysis

Aim： To establish a rat and mouse epididymal map based on the use of the Epiquatre automatic software for histologic image analysis. Methods： Epididymides from five adult rats and five adult mice were fixed in alcoholic Bouin＇s fixative and embedded in paraffin. Serial longitudinal sections through the medial aspect of the organ were cut at 10 jam and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. As determined from major connective tissue septa, nine subdivisions of the rat epididymis and seven for the mouse were determined, consisting of five sub-regions in the caput （rat and mouse）, one （mouse） or three （rat） in the corpus and one in the cauda （rat and mouse）. Using the Epiquatre software, several tubular, luminal and epithelial morphometric parameters were evaluated. Results： Statistical comparison of the quantitative parameters revealed regional differences （2-5 in the rat, 3-6 in the mouse, dependent on parameters） with caput regions 1 and 2 being largely distinguishable from the similar remaining caput and corpus, which were in turn recognizable from the cauda regions in both species. Conclusion： The use of the Epiquatre software allowed us to establish regression curves for different morphometric parameters that can permit the detection of changes in their values under different pathological or experimental conditions. （Asian J Androl 2005 Sep; 7： 267-275）

The Implementation Methods for Computer Aided Design and Analysis on Color-Woven Fabrics

Methods for computer aided design and analysis on color-woven fabrics are presented. The relation of color pattern, colored warp, colored weft and the model for regular weave texture are given based on their formative principle. Some efficient algorithms are developed to determine the color order of warp and weft threads which yields a given color pattern and regular weave texture. Finally, the design system structure and data process flowing are introduced.

Impact of Different Grinding Aids on Standard Deviation in X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis of Cement Raw Meal

X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis utilizes particle size which is resulted from milling of a material. The milling ensures uniform and fine grained powder. The finer and more uniform the particle size is, the better the result and easier it is for material quality control. To ensure uniformity in particle size and finer powder, a comparative analysis was conducted with different grinding aids and pressed pellet method was used in obtaining analysis results. Pressed pellets of cement raw meal sample milled with different grinding aids (graphite, aspirin and lithium borate) were subjected to XRF. Graphite produced better particle size uniformity with a corresponding standard deviation that made quality control of raw meal easier and better than aspirin and lithium borate.

Association between Macroscopic-factors and Identified HIV/AIDS Cases among Injecting Drug Users: An Analysis Using Geographically Weighted Regression Model

Drug use （DU）, particularly injecting drug use （IDU） has been the main route of transmission and spread of Human Immunodeficiency Virus （HIV）/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome （AIDSJ among injecting drug users （IDUs）[1]. Previous studies have proven that needles or cottons sharing during drug injection were major risk factors for HIV/AIDS transmission at the personal level[z4]. Being a social behavioral issue, HIV/AIDS related risk factors should be far beyond the personal level. Therefore, studies on HIV/AIDS related risk factors should focus not only on the individual factors, but also on the association between HIV/AIDS cases and macroscopic-factors, such as economic status, transportation, health care services, etc[1]. The impact of the macroscopic-factors on HIV/AIDS status might be either positive or negative, which are potentially reflected in promoting, delaying or detecting HIV/AIDS epidemics.

农村中老年男性HIV/AIDS歧视现状及影响因素的路径分析

目的:分析农村地区50岁及以上男性的HIV/AIDS歧视现状及其影响因素,探讨文化程度、抑郁、艾滋病知识、高危性行为态度影响HIV/AIDS歧视的路径。方法:采用整群与立意抽样相结合的方法对彭州市3个乡镇240名中老年男性进行访谈式问卷调查。采用多元线性回归分析HIV/AIDS歧视的影响因素,利用路径模型分析影响因素之间的关系。结果:在240名农村中老年男性中,HIV/AIDS歧视平均得分为(3.00±0.68)分。多元线性回归分析显示,文化程度、抑郁、艾滋病知识、高危性行为态度是HIV/AIDS歧视的影响因素。路径分析显示,文化程度对HIV/AIDS歧视有直接效应(β=-0.196,P<0.01)和间接效应(β=-0.190,P<0.01),抑郁对歧视有间接效应(β=0.025,P<0.05),艾滋病知识对歧视有直接效应(β=-0.273,P<0.01),高危性行为态度对歧视有直接效应(β=-0.196,P<0.01),艾滋病知识和高危性行为态度具有中介效应。结论:彭州市农村地区中老年男性HIV/AIDS歧视态度较严重,文化程度和抑郁均可通过艾滋病知识、高危性行为态度影响HIV/AIDS歧视。应重点关注低文化程度农村中老年人群的抑郁和高危性行为态度,通过艾滋病健康教育并加强日常关怀和开展心理咨询服务,以提高他们的艾滋病知识水平,减轻抑郁情绪,降低该人群的HIV/AIDS歧视水平。

淮安市2011—2020年新报告HIV/AIDS病例流行病学特征及趋势分析

目的分析淮安市艾滋病流行病学特征及变化趋势,为制定艾滋病防控措施提供依据。方法下载艾滋病防治信息系统中淮安市2011—2020年新报告HIV/AIDS病例,运用Joinpoint回归模型分析变化趋势。结果淮安市2011—2020年新报告HIV/AIDS病例1202例,男性占87.19%,男性和女性新报告HIV/AIDS病例在年龄、婚姻状况、民族、文化程度、人群类别、感染途径、样本来源方面差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。2011—2020年总人群新报告HIV/AIDS病例发病率以年均11.13%速率上升(Z=2.89,P<0.05),由1.15/10万增至2.81/10万,发病率趋势变化折点在2015年,2011—2015年年均上升23.86%(Z=3.12,P<0.05);2015—2020年变化趋势无统计学意义(Z=0.52,P=0.63)。男性发病率趋势变化折点在2015年,2011—2015年年均上升25.46%(Z=3.05,P<0.05);2015—2020年年均上升1.53%,但变化趋势无统计学意义(Z=0.39,P=0.71);女性发病率趋势无统计学意义(Z=0.96,P=0.34)。结论淮安市新报告HIV/AIDS发病率呈上升趋势,需重点关注男性人群的艾滋病防治工作,尤其是男性同性恋人群,有针对性的开展艾滋病宣传教育和行为干预工作。

2013—2022年重庆市巴南片区新发现HIV/AIDS病例特征分析

目的:了解重庆市巴南片区2013—2022年新发现人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)/艾滋病(AIDS)病例的变化趋势和流行病学特征,为相关部门制定防控策略提供参考依据。方法:在重庆市艾滋病检测系统及巴南区艾滋病确证信息报告系统中,收集2013—2022年巴南片区新发现HIV/AIDS病例的流行病学特征信息,并进行统计学分析。结果:2013—2022年重庆市巴南片区新发现HIV/AIDS病例6077例,病例数呈逐年上升趋势,年均增长率为13.21%;45岁以上人群新发现病例的占比呈明显上升趋势,年均增长率为24.97%;病例以男性为主,男女性别比为2.43∶1;婚姻状况以已婚为主,占51.69%;文化程度以小学及文盲为主,占39.66%;职业为农民最多,占35.54%;有55.29%的新发现HIV/AIDS病例是在医疗机构就医时被发现的;主要感染途径是通过异性性传播,占95.06%。结论:目前,重庆市巴南片区防控AIDS最有效的方法是减少人群高危性行为发生。相关部门应加强安全性教育,全面普及宣传AIDS的防治知识,提升居民特别是中老年群体AIDS防治、性健康意识、自我保护能力及风险意识,减少人群高危性行为的发生,增强人群的主动检测意识,扩大检测人群及检测量,从而进一步提升AIDS防治水平。

Analysis on Immune Tolerance and Resistance Mechanism of <i>Cryptococcus albidus</i>of AIDS Patients with Opportunistic Cryptococci Infection

Objective: To explore more about the immune tolerance and drug resistance of white Cryptococci albidus in AIDS patients with opportunistic Cryptococcus infection. Methods: To analyze drug resistance of the samples of white Cryptococcus albidus extracted from opportunistic infection AIDS patients in the certain infection area from October 2011 to December 2014. Results: After analyzing two samples of Cryptococcus albidus from 885 cases with opportunistic infection, we found that one of the samples do resist to ten common antibiotics. They were fluconazole, flu-cytosine, fluconazole, caspofungin, amphotericin B, MI miconazole, terbinafine, ketoconazole and itraconazole. The other one was sensitive to voriconazole, but resistant to the rest of the drug. Two strains of bacteria were inoculated into the animals in vivo and their DNA was extracted to carry out the genotyping analysis. The results showed that different degrees of resistance gene amplification bands were found in the 10 kinds of antibiotics. Conclusion: Although there were few opportunistic infection Cryptococcus albidus in AIDS patients, it was easy to show its resistance to drugs. Therefore, great attention should be paid to it for the medical workers.

Purified protein derivative skin testing on HIV/AIDS patients and logistic regression analysis of its risk factors

Objective： To understand the reactivity of purified protein derivative skin test（PPD test） in HIV-infected persons and to determine the influential factors associated with PPD. Methods： 174 HIV/AIDS patients registered in the local center for disease control and prevention（CDC） participated this study from April to June in 2006. Questionnaire,CD4 count and thoracic roentgenogram were performed for all participants. Results： In this study, response rate of questionnaires was 83.65%. The majority of these participants had a different degree of immunodeficiency that accounted for 93.64%. Female patients had a higher CD4 count than that of males. The total positive rate of PPD was 38.15%. Analysis of single factor in our study indicated that CD4 count, previous tubereulosis history, tuberculosis contact history and thoracic roentgenogram manifestation of patients were related to their PPD diameters. Further analysis of multiple factors also supports the previous conclusion that CD4 count and previous tuberculosis history of patients were risk factors in the PPD test. Conclusion： The PPD test of HIV/AIDS patients could be affected by several factors. For persons infected with HIV, the confirmation of latent tuberculosis infection （LTBI） should be considered the combination effect of previous MTB infection and body cellular immune function.

AIDS Treatments Efficiency Analysis Based on Cost Efficiency Data Envelopment Analysis Model

Three data envelopment analysis (DEA) models were used to analyse the relative efficiencies of four AIDS treatments in AIDS Clinical Trial Group (ACTG) Study 193A(1 309 patients in total, classified into 4 age groups). Results from the output-oriented BCC model show that Treatment 4 ( 600 mg of zidovudine plus 400 mg of didanosine plus 400 mg of nevirapine) is particularly efficient for age group 14—25, but not efficient for the older age groups; Treatment 1 (600 mg of zidovudine alternating monthly with 400 mg of didanosine)and Treatment 2 (600 mg of zidovudine plus 2.25 mg of zalcitabine) are efficient for the age groups 35—45 and 45— ; age group 25—35 does not have a particularly efficient treatment, but Treatments 1 and 2 are relatively good. The cost efficiency BCC model, which takes the treatment cost into account, gives similar results as the output-oriented model. Results from the indirect output-oriented BCC model, which allows the replacement among medicines, show that the efficiency of Treatment 2 has greatly decreased compared with that of the output-oriented model, and a set of optimal medicine amounts for different age groups is obtained.

Function Words Analysis——A Reading Comprehension Aid for Chinese Engineers

Background Generally speaking. Chinese college graduates in the fifties and sixties took Russian as their second language, and those who graduated in the seventies had no second language to speak of. Now, in the years of our Open Door Policy, they find they have to learn some English and learn it quickly. They try to learn from radio and TV and many take English courses of 4 to 6 months, with varying degree of success. Their chief stumbling blocks

我国近10年HIV感染/AIDS病人抑郁研究的可视化分析

目的:梳理人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)感染/艾滋病(AIDS)病人抑郁领域的研究现状、热点及趋势,为后续研究提供思路方向。方法:检索中国知网(CNKI)、万方数据库、维普数据库(VIP)2013年1月1日—2023年4月26日收录的HIV感染/AIDS病人抑郁相关研究文献。采用CiteSpace 6.2.R2、NoteExpress对发文量、核心作者、来源机构、来源期刊、高频关键词、关键词聚类及突现词进行数据分析。结果:最终纳入文献551篇。该领域发文量总体呈上升趋势,发文期刊主要有《中国艾滋病性病》《中华疾病控制杂志》《护理研究》等。涉及377位作者,形成以陈曦、王敏、杨淑娟等为代表的科研团队,发文机构以医学院校和医院为主。高频关键词有艾滋病(254次)、抑郁(207次)、焦虑(146次)、心理护理(47次)、影响因素(43次)等,共形成焦虑、抑郁症、心理护理、肺结核、抑郁症状等8个聚类标签;突现词结果显示,抑郁症、中医药、中老年、满意度、睡眠障碍为2019年之后的研究前沿。结论:近10年该领域的研究热度不断提升,研究主要关注HIV感染/AIDS病人抑郁表现、干预及治疗手段三大方面,中医药有望成为应对HIV感染/AIDS病人抑郁的方式。然而,各研究团队之间缺少密切的学术交流,未见明显的跨团队合作网络。各研究团队应在今后的研究中建立紧密的跨学科联系,把握研究前沿,力争实现“零艾滋”的目标。

长期抗反转录病毒治疗的HIV/AIDS患者的生存状况及影响因素分析

目的分析长期抗反转录病毒治疗(ART)的HIV/AIDS患者的生存状况及其影响因素。方法从四川省艾滋病治疗信息管理系统中获取符合条件的病例资料,采用回顾性队列研究,寿命表法估算累积生存率,Kaplan-Meier(K-M)法绘制生存曲线,Cox比例风险回归模型分析生存时间的影响因素。结果纳入HIV/AIDS患者630例,平均年龄(52.24±13.68)岁。全因死亡221例,平均生存时间139.37(95%CI 133.54~145.21)月。启动ART后第1、3、5、7、10年的累积生存率分别为0.89(95%CI 0.87~0.91)、0.82(95%CI 0.78~0.86)、0.77(95%CI 0.73~0.81)、0.71(95%CI 0.67~0.75)、0.66(95%CI 0.62~0.70)。多因素Cox比例风险回归模型结果显示:女性患者的死亡风险是男性患者的0.57倍(95%CI 0.41~0.79);已婚或同居的患者和离异或分居的患者的死亡风险分别是未婚患者的2.07倍(95%CI 1.36~3.14)、2.50倍(95%CI 1.61~3.88);基线CD4^(+)T淋巴细胞51~200 cells/μl组和>200 cells/μl组患者的死亡风险分别是基线CD4^(+)T淋巴细胞≤50 cells/μl组患者的0.51倍(95%CI 0.36~0.73)和0.40倍(95%CI 0.28~0.56);基线CD8^(+)T淋巴细胞578~1169 cells/μl组患者的死亡风险是基线CD8^(+)T淋巴细胞≤577 cells/μl组患者的0.66倍(95%CI 0.48~0.90);基线病毒载量>1000 copies/ml组患者的死亡风险是基线病毒载量≤1000 copies/ml组的3.20倍(95%CI 2.44~4.20)。结论影响长期ART的HIV/AIDS患者生存时间的主要因素为性别、婚姻状况、基线CD4^(+)T淋巴细胞计数、基线CD8^(+)T淋巴细胞计数、基线病毒载量。尽早启动ART有利于延长生存时间。

云南省大理州50岁及以上HIV/AIDS患者生存状况分析

背景云南省大理州1997年首次报告50岁及以上人类免疫缺陷病毒(human immunodeficiency virus,HIV)感染者/艾滋病(acquired immunodeficiency syndrome,AIDS)患者(简称HIV/AIDS患者),2010年以后50岁及以上HIV/AIDS患者报告数呈现明显上升趋势。2017年公布的《中国遏制与防治艾滋病“十三五”行动计划》中,已正式将老年人作为艾滋病防治的重点人群之一。目的分析大理州50岁及以上HIV/AIDS患者的生存状况。方法对1997-2018年报告的50岁及以上HIV/AIDS患者,运用寿命表法计算生存率,运用Cox回归分析生存的影响因素。结果大理州2019例50岁及以上HIV/AIDS患者的中位生存时间为8.33年(95%CI:7.75~9.33)。寿命表法分析结果显示确诊后1年、5年、10年的生存率分别为74.76%、56.26%、40.29%。Cox回归分析结果显示50岁及以上HIV/AIDS患者男性死亡风险是女性的1.74倍(95%CI:1.43~2.12);未抗病毒治疗患者的死亡风险是抗病毒治疗患者的9.32倍(95%CI:7.86~11.05);2010年以后报告患者死亡风险是2010年及以前报告患者的0.62倍(95%CI:0.52~0.74)。结论应加强对50岁及以上中老年人群的艾滋病防治工作,早检测、早发现、早治疗是此类人群艾滋病防治的重点措施。

HIV/AIDS合并中枢神经系统病变临床分析

目的了解HIV/AIDS合并中枢神经系统病变患者的临床特点,为改善患者预后、提高生存率提供依据。方法以2016年7月~2020年5月昆明医科大学附属传染病医院感染一科收治诊断为HIV/AIDS合并中枢神经系统病变的所有患者为研究对象,收集患者的流行病学信息及病例资料,建立Excel数据库,采用SPSS17.0软件对数据进行分析。结果共有92例HIV/AIDS合并中枢神经系统病变患者纳入本次研究,其中合并隐球菌性脑膜炎占38.05%,结核性脑膜炎占29.35%,弓形虫脑病占13.04%,进行性多灶性白质脑病占7.62%,脑梗塞占6.53%,HIV相关性脑炎占2.17%,鸟分枝杆菌脑膜脑炎占1.08%,病毒性脑膜炎占1.08%。患者CD4^(+)T细胞计数范围在10~838个/μL,中位数86.50个/μL,81.52%的患者CD4^(+)T细胞计数≤200个/μL,55.43%的患者CD4^(+)T细胞计数≤100个/μL。总病死率为21.74%,HIV/AIDS相关中枢神经系统各病种的病死率无统计学差异(P=0.268),不同CD4^(+)T细胞计数患者病死率无统计学差异(P=0.379)。结论HIV/AIDS合并中枢神经系统病变患者病死率高,应注意监测低CD4^(+)T细胞群体神经系统症状,及时诊治提高患者生存率,改善预后。

TOOTH CONTACT ANALYSIS OF CONICAL INVOLUTE GEARS

The mathematical model of conical involute gears is developed based on the theory of gearing and the generating mechanism. Tooth contact analysis （TCA） is performed to examine the meshing and bearing contact of the conical involute gear pairs with intersected and crossed axes. In addition, the principal directions and curvatures of the gear surfaces are investigated and the contact ellipses of the mating tooth surfaces are also studied. Finally, the numerical illustrative examples are provided to demonstrate the computational results, test gears are made for tooth-bearing tests, and the conclusion is verified that the theory has the applicability.

Automation of immunohistochemical evaluation in breast cancer using image analysis

AIM:To automate breast cancer diagnosis and to study the inter-observer and intra-observer variations in the manual evaluations.METHODS:Breast tissue specimens from sixty cases were stained separately for estrogen receptor(ER),progesterone receptor(PR)and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2(HER-2/neu).All cases were assessed by manual grading as well as image analysis.The manual grading was performed by an experienced expert pathologist.To study inter-observer and intra-observer variations,we obtained readings from another pathologist as the second observer from a different laboratory who has a little less experience than the first observer.We also took a second reading from the second observer to study intra-observer variations.Image analysis was carried out using in-house developed software(TissueQuant).A comparison of the results from image analysis and manual scoring of ER,PR and HER-2/neu was also carried out.RESULTS:The performance of the automated analysis in the case of ER,PR and HER-2/neu expressions was compared with the manual evaluations.The performance of the automated system was found to correlate well with the manual evaluations.The inter-observer variations were measured using Spearman correlation coefficient r and 95%confidence interval.In the case of ER expression,Spearman correlation r=0.53,in the case of PR expression,r=0.63,and in the case of HER-2/neu expression,r=0.68.Similarly,intra-observer variations were also measured.In the case of ER,PR and HER-2/neu expressions,r=0.46,0.66 and 0.70,respectively.CONCLUSION:The automation of breast cancer diagnosis from immunohistochemically stained specimens is very useful for providing objective and repeatable evaluations.