Speaking skill is an important component in the student’s communicative competence.The testing of this skill is indispensable with its functions of providing useful feedback and motivating students.Where direct face-...Speaking skill is an important component in the student’s communicative competence.The testing of this skill is indispensable with its functions of providing useful feedback and motivating students.Where direct face-to-face oral test is impossible when large number of candidates involved,language lab or computer can be used to carry out various testing tasks in the evaluation of the students’ oral communicative competence.展开更多
Testing the ability to speak is a most important aspect of language testing, especially in terms of the student's communicative competence. However, it is an extremely difficult skill to test, as it is far too com...Testing the ability to speak is a most important aspect of language testing, especially in terms of the student's communicative competence. However, it is an extremely difficult skill to test, as it is far too complex a skill to permit any reliable analysis to be made for the purpose of objective testing. In addition, direct face-to-face oral test is impossible when large number of candidates involved, so language lab or computer can be used to carry out various testing tasks in the evaluation of the students' oral communicative competence. This paper aims to introduce briefly how to test speaking skill by language lab or computer.展开更多
Introduction: Obstetric emergencies are clinical situations of a serious nature, often dangerous, which develop unexpectedly, threatening the vital prognosis of the mother and/or foetus in the short term. The aim of t...Introduction: Obstetric emergencies are clinical situations of a serious nature, often dangerous, which develop unexpectedly, threatening the vital prognosis of the mother and/or foetus in the short term. The aim of this study was to contribute to a review of obstetric emergencies at the Labé Regional Hospital maternity unit. Methods: This was a prospective descriptive and analytical study conducted over a period of 6 months in the maternity unit of the Labé Regional Hospital. It concerned all patients admitted to the department for obstetric emergencies. Results: Obstetric emergencies accounted for 20% of obstetric admissions. The mean age of the patients was 25.12 ± 7.15 years, with extremes of 14 and 45 years. The patients were housewives (42.52%), 42.86% did not attend school and 77.41% were from urban areas. The poor were the most numerous (43.52%). The ambulance was the means of transport in only 9% of cases. Acute foetal distress, pre-eclampsia, bony dystocia and post-partum haemorrhage were the most common types of emergency in our series, with frequencies of 27.57%, 22.59%, 17.94% and 10.63% respectively. The risk factors identified were age, origin, gestational age and the state of the maternal pelvis. Conclusion: Obstetric emergencies are frequent in our study site and represent a major concern for patients, providers and the community alike. In order to reduce the frequency of obstetric emergencies, young girls should be enrolled in school, the legal age for marriage should be respected, quality antenatal care should be provided in basic health facilities, and proper planning and spacing of pregnancies should be implemented.展开更多
文摘Speaking skill is an important component in the student’s communicative competence.The testing of this skill is indispensable with its functions of providing useful feedback and motivating students.Where direct face-to-face oral test is impossible when large number of candidates involved,language lab or computer can be used to carry out various testing tasks in the evaluation of the students’ oral communicative competence.
文摘Testing the ability to speak is a most important aspect of language testing, especially in terms of the student's communicative competence. However, it is an extremely difficult skill to test, as it is far too complex a skill to permit any reliable analysis to be made for the purpose of objective testing. In addition, direct face-to-face oral test is impossible when large number of candidates involved, so language lab or computer can be used to carry out various testing tasks in the evaluation of the students' oral communicative competence. This paper aims to introduce briefly how to test speaking skill by language lab or computer.
文摘Introduction: Obstetric emergencies are clinical situations of a serious nature, often dangerous, which develop unexpectedly, threatening the vital prognosis of the mother and/or foetus in the short term. The aim of this study was to contribute to a review of obstetric emergencies at the Labé Regional Hospital maternity unit. Methods: This was a prospective descriptive and analytical study conducted over a period of 6 months in the maternity unit of the Labé Regional Hospital. It concerned all patients admitted to the department for obstetric emergencies. Results: Obstetric emergencies accounted for 20% of obstetric admissions. The mean age of the patients was 25.12 ± 7.15 years, with extremes of 14 and 45 years. The patients were housewives (42.52%), 42.86% did not attend school and 77.41% were from urban areas. The poor were the most numerous (43.52%). The ambulance was the means of transport in only 9% of cases. Acute foetal distress, pre-eclampsia, bony dystocia and post-partum haemorrhage were the most common types of emergency in our series, with frequencies of 27.57%, 22.59%, 17.94% and 10.63% respectively. The risk factors identified were age, origin, gestational age and the state of the maternal pelvis. Conclusion: Obstetric emergencies are frequent in our study site and represent a major concern for patients, providers and the community alike. In order to reduce the frequency of obstetric emergencies, young girls should be enrolled in school, the legal age for marriage should be respected, quality antenatal care should be provided in basic health facilities, and proper planning and spacing of pregnancies should be implemented.