Real-Time Data and Visualization Monitoring of Computer Numerical Control Machine Tools Based on Hyper Text Markup Language 5

In order to ensure the safety,quality and efficiency of computer numerical control(CNC)machine tool processing,a real-time monitoring and visible solution for CNC machine tools based on hyper text markup language(HTML)5 is proposed.The characteristics of the real-time monitoring technology of CNC machine tools under the traditional Client/Server(C/S)structure are compared and analyzed,and the technical drawbacks are proposed.Web real-time communication technology and browser drawing technology are deeply studied.A real-time monitoring and visible system for CNC machine tool data is developed based on Metro platform,combining WebSocket real-time communication technology and Canvas drawing technology.The system architecture is given,and the functions and implementation methods of the system are described in detail.The practical application results show that the WebSocket real-time communication technology can effectively reduce the bandwidth and network delay and save server resources.The numerical control machine data monitoring system can intuitively reflect the machine data,and the visible effect is good.It realizes timely monitoring of equipment alarms and prompts maintenance and management personnel.

The Innovation of CNC Machine Interface Based on DNC System

This paper describes the innovation schemes of the interface of a CNC machine which cannot communicate with a computer by a Direct Numerical Control(DNC)interface and the functions of a DNC interface system.One architecture of hardware and software of a practi- cal single-chip computer based on DNC interface system developed by the authors is given. Without any change of the original hardware and software,this DNC interface system has been used to innovate the CNC machine's interface to implement the direct communication between a computer and a CNC machine and to achieve no tape transmission of a part program and ma- chine parameters.It has been demonstrated that this DNC interface system has certain practical values in improving the reliability,efficiency and production management of CNC/NC machine.

Specialized Numerical Control Plasma Cutting Machine

The large thermal cutting equipment——The DHG. CNC numerical control plasma cutting machine is produced by The Ha’erbin Welding & Cutting Equipment Co. It specializes in the precise formation and baiting of nonferrous boards and thin carbon steel plates at a high speed. It avoids the disadvantage of flame cutting, which cannot cut nonferrous and thin steel plates.

CPS Modeling of CNC Machine Tool Work Processes Using an Instruction-Domain Based Approach

Building cyber-physical system(CPS) models of machine tools is a key technology for intelligent manufacturing. The massive electronic data from a computer numerical control(CNC) system during the work processes of a CNC machine tool is the main source of the big data on which a CPS model is established. In this work-process model, a method based on instruction domain is applied to analyze the electronic big data, and a quantitative description of the numerical control(NC) processes is built according to the G code of the processes. Utilizing the instruction domain, a work-process CPS model is established on the basis of the accurate, real-time mapping of the manufacturing tasks, resources, and status of the CNC machine tool. Using such models, case studies are conducted on intelligent-machining applications, such as the optimization of NC processing parameters and the health assurance of CNC machine tools.

Reliability Analysis of Electrical System of Computer Numerical Control Machine Tool Based on Bayesian Networks

The core of computer numerical control(CNC) machine tool is the electrical system which controls and coordinates every part of CNC machine tool to complete processing tasks, so it is of great significance to strengthen the reliability of the electrical system. However, the electrical system is very complex due to many uncertain factors and dynamic stochastic characteristics when failure occurs. Therefore, the traditional fault tree analysis(FTA) method is not applicable. Bayesian network(BN) not only has a unique advantage to analyze nodes with multiply states in reliability analysis for complex systems, but also can solve the state explosion problem properly caused by Markov model when dealing with dynamic fault tree(DFT). In addition, the forward causal reasoning of BN can get the conditional probability distribution of the system under considering the uncertainty;the backward diagnosis reasoning of BN can recognize the weak links in system, so it is valuable for improving the system reliability.

OPEN ARCHITECTURE CNC SYSTEM HITCNC AND KEY TECHNOLOGY

Aiming at the characteristics of modularity and reconfigurable in open architecture computer numerical control （CNC） system, the open architecture CNC system, Harbin Institute of Tech- nology computer numerical control （HITCNC）, is researched and manufactured based on the interface standards. The system＇s external interfaces are coincident with the corresponding international standards, and the internal interfaces follow the open modular architecture controller （OMAC） agreement. In the research and manufacturing process, object-oriented technology is used to ensure the openness of the HITCNC, and static programming is applied in the CNC system according to the idea of modularization disassembly. The HITCNC also actualizes real-time and unreal-time modules adopting real-time dynamical linked library （RTDLL） and component object model （COM）. Finite state ma- chine （FSM） is adopted to do dynamically modeling of HITCNC. The complete separation between the software and the hardware is achieved in the HITCNC by applying the SoftSERCANS technique. The application of the above key techniques decreases the programming workload greatly, and uses software programs replacing hardware functions, which offers plenty technique ensures for the openness of HITCNC. Finally, based on the HITCNC, a three-dimensional milling system is established. On the system, series experiments are done to validate the expandability and interchangeability of HITCNC. The results of the experiments show that the established open architecture CNC system HITCNC is correct and feasible, and has good openness.

Patterns of CNC Machine Tool Reference Return and Its Trouble Shooting Methods

This paper presents four patterns of reference-return positions for CNC machine tools and analyses some causes of return reference troubles by showing typical examples of trouble shooting.Finally,it introduces several methods of trouble shooting.

某超长条结构件柔性工装平台结构设计与实现

针对某超长条结构件加工过程中由于使用传统工装夹具造成的工艺准备时间长、工装数量多、材料浪费严重等问题,开展一种柔性工装平台的研究。该工装平台采用多个可旋转夹臂替代传统夹具进行夹持,在工件外形变化时,可通过更换夹臂长度、按压角度等保持良好夹持效果,满足柔性工装的需求。对该工装平台结构进行设计,对关键参数进行建模和校核,通过样机对工装效果进行验证。结果表明,该工装平台在加工相同工件的情况下,可节省约3%的零件材料,缩短310 min工艺准备时间,同时由于该工装平台采用了新型柔性固持方案,还提高了加工连续性,避免由于工艺变化造成大量的夹具浪费,为超长条结构件的加工提供了一种新的工装固持方案。

基于PLC的数控机床电气设备电压稳态控制研究

数控机床电气设备的电压稳态控制的网络损耗高,导致控制效果差,提出基于PLC的数控机床电气设备电压稳态控制研究。根据电气设备等效电路,分析数控机床电气设备无功输出原理,通过压降计算原理,计算数控机床电气设备间的压降,设计电气设备电压稳态控制方案,实现数控机床电气设备的电压稳态PLC控制。实验结果表明,设计方法将数控机床电气设备网络损耗控制在25 W以内,从而保证数控机床电气设备的安全稳定运行,该方法具备可行性和有效性。

数控机床电气控制部分的维护和保养研究

数控设备是一种集机械、电气、液压、气动和数控系统为一体的高科技产品。数控机床维护和保养水平的高低,直接决定了一台数控机床运行的可靠性程度和故障率。本文就数控机床电气控制部分的维护和保养进行了系统阐述,针对数控机床电气控制部分如何更高效且方便地维护及查找故障,进行了开发性的研究,提出了一种高效查找强电故障的方法;为能实现更高层次的智能诊断建立了硬件基础。

数控机床几何误差单轴五次测量与辨识方法

针对数控机床几何误差项的准确测量与辨识问题,提出了一种基于激光干涉仪的机床空间几何误差单轴五次测量与辨识方法。首先,针对X、Y、Z轴分别设置了一条测量线,测量了3条划定线上除滚转误差外的其他15项几何误差,共计15次测量;然后,分析了转角误差对直线度误差以及直线度误差对定位误差的耦合影响,并建立了误差辨识方程组;最后,根据误差辨识方程组,得到了机床21项几何误差;并进行了单轴五次测量法的测量和辨识实验,并将所得结果与空间九线法测量辨识结果进行了对比分析。研究结果表明:单轴五次测量法与空间九线法测量辨识结果的空间误差向量最大偏差为1.93μm,平均偏差为0.58μm,该结果验证了单轴五次测量法是准确和有效的。该方法考虑了实际测量过程中的误差耦合情况,因此相比于空间九线法,该方法减少了测量线数与测量次数,简化了误差项的求解过程;同时,采用单轴运动方式可以有效避免其他轴对当前运动轴误差的影响。

虚拟CNC的齿轮测量中心

介绍了传统CNC齿轮测量中心的发展现状,结合虚拟现实技术,提出了CNC齿轮测量中心新的发展方向—虚拟CNC齿轮测量中心,同时介绍了虚拟CNC齿轮测量中心的概念、组成、实现方法。通过对虚拟CNC齿轮测量中心工作过程的仿真和分析,证明虚拟CNC齿轮测量中心基本可以表达真实CNC测量中心的几何形状和测量过程。

基于ResNet多特征图融合的钻削表面粗糙度分类方法

传统五面复合数控(CNC)钻削表面粗糙度测量工作复杂,采用人工测量存在较大人为误差。传统多元回归、多项式拟合方法仅采用转速和进给速度参数,数据利用率低且噪声敏感性强;用传统机器学习方法无法有效提取信号的深层复杂特征。针对上述问题,提出了一种基于ResNet模型、频谱图特征与时频图特征融合的钻削表面粗糙度分类预测方法。首先,根据CNC钻削加工理论和企业实际CNC钻削经验确定了CNC钻削加工实验的工艺参数变量;然后,基于SYNTEC CNC系统开发了多源数据采集系统,实时采集了钻削加工过程数据;接着,分析了三轴振动信号的频谱特征和时频特征,验证了振动信号跟表面粗糙度类别的关联性;随后,采用卡尔曼滤波对三轴振动信号进行了降噪处理,采用快速傅里叶变换(FFT)和连续小波变换(CWT)进行了振动信号频谱热图与时频图转换,采用矩阵拼接对三轴振动信号的单轴时频图进行了拼接融合,得到了三轴振动时频图;最后,对频谱热图和时频图进行了卷积运算融合频谱特征与时频特征,并进行了ResNet和其他网络模型如Densenet、Shufflenet和Mobilenet_v3_small等的对比实验。研究结果表明:相对上述其他网络模型,基于ResNet网络模型的表面粗糙度分类正确率提高了约9%,同时也验证了三轴时频特征融合以及频谱特征和时频特征融合方法的正确性。由于模型训练成本低、训练收敛速度快,该方法在轻量级、低成本的CNC机床钻削表面粗糙度预测分类中具有良好的工业应用前景。

CNC系统开发与应用

介绍一种基于单片机控制的CNC系统,阐述了系统的硬件组成、软件设计和工作原理。该系统已成功应用于数控车床、数控铣床等机床控制中,其投资成本小,性价比高,完全满足企业生产的各项技术要求,特别适合中小企业及个体企业投资需要。

三轴数控机床几何误差分析及建模

机床几何误差具有稳定性、重复性和易测量等特点,对其进行建模和补偿,是提高数控(computer numerical control,CNC)机床加工精度最经济且有效的方式之一,在研究CNC机床几何误差时,建立准确可靠的几何误差模型具有重大意义。文中基于多体系统理论,运用低序体阵列描述三轴CNC机床的拓扑结构,应用齐次坐标变换矩阵和机床刀具运动传递链、工件运动传递链中各相邻体在运动过程中的运动传递关系,将机床几何误差沿运动误差传动链累积变换到刀具相对于工件的误差上,最终建立三轴CNC机床几何误差模型。该研究为三轴CNC机床的几何误差补偿提供理论依据。

FANUC 0i-MF数控机床冷却系统PMC程序设计

针对FANUC 0i-MF数控机床冷却系统的控制需求,结合冷却系统组成与电气原理,该文分析该冷却控制系统的工作原理。同时针对机床冷却系统控制的2种方式,分别介绍其PMC程序的编制方法,通过程序调试,验证冷却功能控制的正确性。

桌面式电火花加工机床数控系统硬件设计

针对桌面式电火花加工机床数控系统的兼容性和加工放电要求,课题组设计了一款基于ARM和现场可编辑门阵列(field programmable gate array, FPGA)的电火花加工机床数控系统硬件平台。该平台任务分配均匀合理,以ARM处理器为核心搭建上位机,移植Linux系统进行多任务处理、人机界面、插补运算等任务;以FPGA为核心搭建的下位机系统负责运动控制、放电脉冲控制、辅助模块控制等任务;硬件平台的搭建采用了核心板+基板的方式并采用以太网口进行通信。试验结果表明该硬件平台搭建的数控系统可以较好地完成电火花小孔加工。该研究提供了一种移植性好、迭代升级成本低、适配多种脉冲电源的电火花加工机床数控系统硬件平台设计方案。

铝型材数控加工中心的电气自适应PID控制研究

针对机械谐振、非线性摩擦等因素对铝型材数控加工中心的电气伺服系统运动控制精度的影响,研究铝型材数控加工中心的电气自适应PID控制。首先,分别建立铝型材数控加工中心电气伺服系统的电机环节与传动环节的数学模型,并根据模型设计PID控制器。然后,采用遗传算法整定控制器参数,形成自适应PID控制结构,从而实现铝型材数控加工中心的电气控制。结果表明,该设计方法在加工控制时的最大跟随误差为2.51μm,且对速度换向过程中非线性摩擦引起的跟随误差有抑制作用,证实了该方法的控制性能与自适应调整能力良好。

CNC系统中传统插补法的改进-弧度分割法

首先介绍了CNC系统中常用的插补算法-逐点比较插补算法的工作原理,并对其进行了速度分析。为了在此基础上进一步提高数控机床加工速度,提出了一种新的插补算法-弧度分割插补法,在对其工作原理进行了详细介绍之后,进一步进行了加工速度和加工精度分析,通过分析,证明弧度分割法无论是在加工速度和精度上都有了很大的提高。

运用FANUC信号追踪功能解决电气故障的方法研究

设备电气故障通常为软故障,原因不易发现,日常维修过程中凭借经验判断费时费力、准确度低。当前工业发展迅速,生产节拍要求越来越高,设备出现故障后需要快速精准恢复,给设备维护人员带来挑战。文章以数控车床CK7530F刀塔故障为例,结合刀塔电气控制原理,利用FANUC系统信号追踪功能,总结出一套针对电气故障维修的思路和方法,有利于数控设备维护工作效率的提高。