A computer program PRETTA “Pressurizer Transient Thermodynamics Analysis” was developed for the prediction of pressurizer under transient conditions. It is based on the solution of the conservation laws of heat and ...A computer program PRETTA “Pressurizer Transient Thermodynamics Analysis” was developed for the prediction of pressurizer under transient conditions. It is based on the solution of the conservation laws of heat and mass applied to the three separate and non equilibrium thermodynamic regions. In the program all of the important thermal-hydraulics phenomena occurring in the pressurizer: stratification of the hot water and incoming cold water, bulk flashing and condensation, wall condensation, and interfacial heat and mass transfer have been considered. The bubble rising and rain-out models are developed to describe bulk flashing and condensation, respectively. To obtain the wall condensation rate, a one-dimensional heat conduction equation is solved by the pivoting method. The presented computer program will predict the pressure-time behavior of a PWR pressurizer during a variety of transients. The results obtained from the proposed mathematical model are in good agreement with available data on the CHASHMA nuclear power plant's pressurizer performance.展开更多
The simplest normal form of resonant double Hopf bifurcation was studied based on Lie operator. The coefficients of the simplest normal forms of resonant double Hopf bifurcation and the nonlinear transformations in te...The simplest normal form of resonant double Hopf bifurcation was studied based on Lie operator. The coefficients of the simplest normal forms of resonant double Hopf bifurcation and the nonlinear transformations in terms of the original system coefficients were given explicitly. The nonlinear transformations were used for reducing the lower- and higher-order normal forms, and the rank of system matrix was used to determine the coefficient of normal form which could be reduced. These make the gained normal form simpler than the traditional one. A general program was compiled with Mathematica. This program can compute the simplest normal form of resonant double Hopf bifurcation and the non-resonant form up to the 7th order.展开更多
The program package VEC （Visual computing in Electron Crystallography） has been revised such that （i） a program converting one-line symbols to two-line symbols of （3＋1）-dimensional superspace groups has been in...The program package VEC （Visual computing in Electron Crystallography） has been revised such that （i） a program converting one-line symbols to two-line symbols of （3＋1）-dimensional superspace groups has been incorporated into VEC so that the latter can interpret both kinds of symbols; （ii） a bug in calculating structure factors of onedimensionally incommensurate modulated crystals has been fixed. The correction has been verified by successfully matching the experimental electron microscopy image of an incommensurate crystal with a series of simulated images. The precompiled revised version of VEC and relevant materials are available on the Web at http：//cryst.iphy.ac.cn.展开更多
By means of acid-base potentiometric titration and the advanced BEST computer program developed by Martell et al., the deprotonation constants of four inhibitors[Aminotrimethylenephosphoinic acid(ATMP), 2-phosphino-tu...By means of acid-base potentiometric titration and the advanced BEST computer program developed by Martell et al., the deprotonation constants of four inhibitors[Aminotrimethylenephosphoinic acid(ATMP), 2-phosphino-tutane-1,2,4-tricarboxylic acid(PBTCA), polyacrylic acid(PAA, M_w=2000), poly(maleic, acrylic) acid(PMAAA, M_w=3000)], and the stability constants of the complexes of these inhibitors with Ca 2+ have been determined. And the distribution curves of ATMP at different pH values in aqueous solutions have also been given out. The result of this study can be applied to explaining the inhibition mechanism.展开更多
A simple method is proposed, for incremental static analysis of a set of inter-colliding particles, simulating 2D flow. Within each step of proposed algorithm, the particles perform small displacements, proportional t...A simple method is proposed, for incremental static analysis of a set of inter-colliding particles, simulating 2D flow. Within each step of proposed algorithm, the particles perform small displacements, proportional to the out-of-balance forces, acting on them. Numerical experiments show that if the liquid is confined within boundaries of a set of inter-communicating vessels, then the proposed method converges to a final equilibrium state. This incremental static analysis approximates dynamic behavior with strong damping and can provide information, as a first approximation to 2D movement of a liquid. In the initial arrangement of particles, a rhombic element is proposed, which assures satisfactory incompressibility of the fluid. Based on the proposed algorithm, a simple and short computer program (a “pocket” program) has been developed, with only about 120 Fortran instructions. This program is first applied to an amount of liquid, contained in a single vessel. A coarse and refined discretization is tried. In final equilibrium state of liquid, the distribution on hydro-static pressure on vessel boundaries, obtained by proposed computational model, is found in satisfactory approximation with corresponding theoretical data. Then, an opening is formed, at the bottom of a vertical boundary of initial vessel, and the liquid is allowed to flow gradually to an adjacent vessel. Almost whole amount of liquid is transferred, from first to second vessel, except of few drops-particles, which remain, in equilibrium, at the bottom of initial vessel. In the final equilibrium state of liquid, in the second vessel, the free surface level of the liquid confirms that the proposed rhombing element assures a satisfactory incompressibility of the fluid.展开更多
A computer program was developed in C++language to predict the effect of soil bulk density on draft force on bottoms,share thickness,stresses distribution and maximum deflection on standards,bending stresses distribut...A computer program was developed in C++language to predict the effect of soil bulk density on draft force on bottoms,share thickness,stresses distribution and maximum deflection on standards,bending stresses distribution on side plates,diameter of shear pins,and tensile stress on hitch bar.It was found that,as soil bulk density increased,stresses distribution and maximum deflection on standards,bending stresses distribution on side plates,diameter of shear pins,and tensile stress on hitch bar increased.The diameter of shear pin should be larger to meet wide range of soil density.展开更多
Late-model ionic clusters of KNO3 were formed under the conditions of electrospray ionization. A series of peaks of the ionic clusters could be observed in the electrospray ionization mass spectra（ESIMS）. The genera...Late-model ionic clusters of KNO3 were formed under the conditions of electrospray ionization. A series of peaks of the ionic clusters could be observed in the electrospray ionization mass spectra（ESIMS）. The general formulae of the ionic clusters were deduced to be K^ ＋ （ KNO3 ） m and NO3^-（ KNO3 ）m. By referring to the crystal structure of KNOs , the possible configurations of these new typical ionic clusters were speculated based on the calculated data by means of the Gaussian-94^x computer program.展开更多
Virtually all conventional optimizations are Performed in a batch computer environment. No graphic information during the optimization process is provided. The research tactics and implementation procedure of interact...Virtually all conventional optimizations are Performed in a batch computer environment. No graphic information during the optimization process is provided. The research tactics and implementation procedure of interactivegraphics in mechanical optimum design are presented. An interactive Graphics Mechanical Optimum Design Program(IGMODP) for microcomputers is developed. The example of wheeled loader' s working device optimum design usingIGMODP is carried out.展开更多
Purpose of present work is to develop a reliable and simple method for structural analysis of RC Shear Walls. The shear wall is simulated by a truss model as the bar of a truss is the simplest finite element. An itera...Purpose of present work is to develop a reliable and simple method for structural analysis of RC Shear Walls. The shear wall is simulated by a truss model as the bar of a truss is the simplest finite element. An iterative method is used. Initially, there are only concrete bars. Repeated structural analyses are performed. After each structural analysis, every concrete bar exceeding tensile strength is replaced by a steel bar. For every concrete bar exceeding compressive strength, first its section area is increased. If this is not enough, a steel bar is placed at the side of it. For every steel bar exceeding tensile or compressive strength, its section area is increased. After the end of every structural analysis, if all concrete and steel bars fall within tensile and compressive strengths, the output data are written and the analysis is terminated. Otherwise, the structural analysis is repeated. As all the necessary conditions (static, elastic, linearized geometric) are satisfied and the stresses of ALL concrete and steel bars fall within the tensile and compressive strengths, the results are acceptable. Usually, the proposed method exhibits a fast convergence in 4 - 5 repeats of structural analysis of the RC Shear Wall.展开更多
文摘A computer program PRETTA “Pressurizer Transient Thermodynamics Analysis” was developed for the prediction of pressurizer under transient conditions. It is based on the solution of the conservation laws of heat and mass applied to the three separate and non equilibrium thermodynamic regions. In the program all of the important thermal-hydraulics phenomena occurring in the pressurizer: stratification of the hot water and incoming cold water, bulk flashing and condensation, wall condensation, and interfacial heat and mass transfer have been considered. The bubble rising and rain-out models are developed to describe bulk flashing and condensation, respectively. To obtain the wall condensation rate, a one-dimensional heat conduction equation is solved by the pivoting method. The presented computer program will predict the pressure-time behavior of a PWR pressurizer during a variety of transients. The results obtained from the proposed mathematical model are in good agreement with available data on the CHASHMA nuclear power plant's pressurizer performance.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No. 10372068).
文摘The simplest normal form of resonant double Hopf bifurcation was studied based on Lie operator. The coefficients of the simplest normal forms of resonant double Hopf bifurcation and the nonlinear transformations in terms of the original system coefficients were given explicitly. The nonlinear transformations were used for reducing the lower- and higher-order normal forms, and the rank of system matrix was used to determine the coefficient of normal form which could be reduced. These make the gained normal form simpler than the traditional one. A general program was compiled with Mathematica. This program can compute the simplest normal form of resonant double Hopf bifurcation and the non-resonant form up to the 7th order.
基金Project supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No 2006CB601001)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No 50672124)
文摘The program package VEC （Visual computing in Electron Crystallography） has been revised such that （i） a program converting one-line symbols to two-line symbols of （3＋1）-dimensional superspace groups has been incorporated into VEC so that the latter can interpret both kinds of symbols; （ii） a bug in calculating structure factors of onedimensionally incommensurate modulated crystals has been fixed. The correction has been verified by successfully matching the experimental electron microscopy image of an incommensurate crystal with a series of simulated images. The precompiled revised version of VEC and relevant materials are available on the Web at http：//cryst.iphy.ac.cn.
文摘By means of acid-base potentiometric titration and the advanced BEST computer program developed by Martell et al., the deprotonation constants of four inhibitors[Aminotrimethylenephosphoinic acid(ATMP), 2-phosphino-tutane-1,2,4-tricarboxylic acid(PBTCA), polyacrylic acid(PAA, M_w=2000), poly(maleic, acrylic) acid(PMAAA, M_w=3000)], and the stability constants of the complexes of these inhibitors with Ca 2+ have been determined. And the distribution curves of ATMP at different pH values in aqueous solutions have also been given out. The result of this study can be applied to explaining the inhibition mechanism.
文摘A simple method is proposed, for incremental static analysis of a set of inter-colliding particles, simulating 2D flow. Within each step of proposed algorithm, the particles perform small displacements, proportional to the out-of-balance forces, acting on them. Numerical experiments show that if the liquid is confined within boundaries of a set of inter-communicating vessels, then the proposed method converges to a final equilibrium state. This incremental static analysis approximates dynamic behavior with strong damping and can provide information, as a first approximation to 2D movement of a liquid. In the initial arrangement of particles, a rhombic element is proposed, which assures satisfactory incompressibility of the fluid. Based on the proposed algorithm, a simple and short computer program (a “pocket” program) has been developed, with only about 120 Fortran instructions. This program is first applied to an amount of liquid, contained in a single vessel. A coarse and refined discretization is tried. In final equilibrium state of liquid, the distribution on hydro-static pressure on vessel boundaries, obtained by proposed computational model, is found in satisfactory approximation with corresponding theoretical data. Then, an opening is formed, at the bottom of a vertical boundary of initial vessel, and the liquid is allowed to flow gradually to an adjacent vessel. Almost whole amount of liquid is transferred, from first to second vessel, except of few drops-particles, which remain, in equilibrium, at the bottom of initial vessel. In the final equilibrium state of liquid, in the second vessel, the free surface level of the liquid confirms that the proposed rhombing element assures a satisfactory incompressibility of the fluid.
文摘A computer program was developed in C++language to predict the effect of soil bulk density on draft force on bottoms,share thickness,stresses distribution and maximum deflection on standards,bending stresses distribution on side plates,diameter of shear pins,and tensile stress on hitch bar.It was found that,as soil bulk density increased,stresses distribution and maximum deflection on standards,bending stresses distribution on side plates,diameter of shear pins,and tensile stress on hitch bar increased.The diameter of shear pin should be larger to meet wide range of soil density.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No. 20173057).
文摘Late-model ionic clusters of KNO3 were formed under the conditions of electrospray ionization. A series of peaks of the ionic clusters could be observed in the electrospray ionization mass spectra（ESIMS）. The general formulae of the ionic clusters were deduced to be K^ ＋ （ KNO3 ） m and NO3^-（ KNO3 ）m. By referring to the crystal structure of KNOs , the possible configurations of these new typical ionic clusters were speculated based on the calculated data by means of the Gaussian-94^x computer program.
文摘Virtually all conventional optimizations are Performed in a batch computer environment. No graphic information during the optimization process is provided. The research tactics and implementation procedure of interactivegraphics in mechanical optimum design are presented. An interactive Graphics Mechanical Optimum Design Program(IGMODP) for microcomputers is developed. The example of wheeled loader' s working device optimum design usingIGMODP is carried out.
文摘Purpose of present work is to develop a reliable and simple method for structural analysis of RC Shear Walls. The shear wall is simulated by a truss model as the bar of a truss is the simplest finite element. An iterative method is used. Initially, there are only concrete bars. Repeated structural analyses are performed. After each structural analysis, every concrete bar exceeding tensile strength is replaced by a steel bar. For every concrete bar exceeding compressive strength, first its section area is increased. If this is not enough, a steel bar is placed at the side of it. For every steel bar exceeding tensile or compressive strength, its section area is increased. After the end of every structural analysis, if all concrete and steel bars fall within tensile and compressive strengths, the output data are written and the analysis is terminated. Otherwise, the structural analysis is repeated. As all the necessary conditions (static, elastic, linearized geometric) are satisfied and the stresses of ALL concrete and steel bars fall within the tensile and compressive strengths, the results are acceptable. Usually, the proposed method exhibits a fast convergence in 4 - 5 repeats of structural analysis of the RC Shear Wall.
