Adult reference values of the computerized diplopia test

AIM： To estimate the adult reference values for measured deviations by a computerized diplopia test and testify the validity.METHODS： Totally 391 participants were recruited and taken the computerized diplopia test. The plots and amplitude of deviations were recorded. The differences in different gender, age and visual acuity groups were analyzed respectively. Of 30 subjects were enrolled to testify the interobserver reliability. Another 46 subjects（including 26 normal subjects and 20 patients） were taken the test and theirs deviations were recorded to testify the validity of the reference value.RESULTS： The max horizontal and vertical deviations were 2.55° and 0.76° with normal corrected visual acuity while 3.88° and 1.46° for subjects with poor corrected vision. The differences between age groups was insignificant（Z =3.615, 4.758; P =0.461, 0.313 for horizontal and vertical respectively）. The max horizontal deviation of female was smaller than male（Z =-2.177; P =0.029）,but the difference in max vertical deviation was insignificant（Z =-1.296; P =0.195）. The mean difference between observers were both-0.1°, with 95% confidence limits（CI） of-1.4° and 1.6° in max horizontal deviations while-2.1° and 1.8° in max vertical deviation. The mean deviation of 26 normal subjects was 1.02° ±0.84° for horizontal and 0.47° ±0.30° for vertical which both within the range of reference values. The mean deviation of 20 patients was 13.51°±11.69° for horizontal and 8.34°±8.58°for vertical which both beyond the reference range.CONCLUSION： The max amplitude of horizontal and vertical deviation is pointed as the numerical parameters of computerized diplopia test. The reference values are different between normal corrected visual acuity and poor corrected vision. These values may useful for evaluating patients with diplopia in veriety conditions during clinical practice.

Changes in reaction time, coefficient of variance of reaction time, and autonomic nerve function in the mental fatigue state caused by long-term computerized Kraepelin test workload in healthy volunteers

Fatigue is a common sense caused by crushing labor, stressful social events and various illnesses. It is usually judged by their subjective symptoms, but it should be evaluated in an objective perspective. Here we show that the decrease of working efficiency and sympathetic hyperactivity are associated with mental fatigue state caused by prolonged mental workload. Recently we made a new mental fatigue model of healthy volunteers caused by long-term computerized Kraepelin test (CKT) workload. CKT is our new software for automatically checking the calculation capability, with which it is easy to determine the reaction time (RT), coefficient of variance of reaction time (CV), and accuracy of the answers (AC) during tasks. We put 24 healthy volunteers into the fatigue state by subjecting them to 120 minutes’ CKT workload, and then studied the changes in fatigue sensation, RT, CV, and AC before and after the CKT workload. The fatigue sensation, RT, and CV were clearly increased by the fatigue-inducing task and recovered during the resting period. We also studied the changes in autonomic nerve activity by using heart rate variability analysis. The low/high frequency component ratio (LF/HF) was signifi-cantly increased by the fatigue-inducing task and decreased by resting, suggesting that mental stress causes a relatively sympathetic nerve activity-dominant state. Therefore, our new fatigue model involving a long-term CKT workload is a good mental fatigue model to provide much information about the fatigue state simultane-ously, and the increase of RT, CV, and proportion of sympathetic activity (LF/HF) are associated with mental fatigue state. These might be useful objective biomarkers or evaluating a mental fatigue state.

Designing of A Computerized Cognitive Adaptive Testing Model

Therecouldbenoscienceasweknowitwithoutmeasurement.Testing,includingallformsoflanguagetestingandpsychometricsitself,isoneformofmeasurement.Alanguagetestmaybedefinedasaprocedureforelicitinglanguageperformanceandaprocedureforassessingthatperformance.How...

The Differences of Interstitial Lung Diseases in High-Resolution Computerized Tomography and Pulmonary Function Test among Different Connective Tissue Diseases, and the Correlated Factors

Objective. To study the difference of interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) in high-resolution computerized tomography and pulmonary function test among different connective tissue diseases (CTDs). Methods. 209 patients with different CTDs were recruited and underwent lung HRCT and PFT. Eerythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), serum ferritin (SF), anti-SSA, and so on were tested. Based on HRCT, a patient was classified into ILD group (CTD+ILD) or non-ILD group (CTD-ILD). HRCT, PFT, and laboratory markers were compared according to CTDs and CTD-associated ILDs. Results. The incidences of ILD were 79.6%, 82.0%, 89.7%, and 97.1% respectively for Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), primary Sjogren’s symptom (pSS), dermatomyositis/polymyositis (DM/PM), and systemic sclerosis (SSc) groups. RA and pSS patients exhibited more nodules, patching, ground-glass opacity, and cord shadow foci in HRCT, DM/PM and SSc patients exhibited more reticular opacity and honeycombing foci. RA and pSS patients exhibited more obstructive ventilatory disorder, small airway dysfunction and emphysema in PFT, and DM/PM and SSc patients exhibited more restrictive ventilatory disorder, mixed ventilatory disorder. ESR, CRP and SF were significantly higher in total CTD+ILD group than in total CTD-ILD group (P = 0.047, 0.006, 0.004, respectively), and higher in different CTD+ ILD groups than in comparable CTD-ILD groups (P = 0.049, 0.048, and 0.023, pSS+ILD, SSc+ILD and RA+ILD compared to pSS-ILD, SSc-ILD and RA-ILD, respectively for ESR, CRP, SF). The positive rate of anti-SSA was significantly higher in DM/PM+ILD group than in DM/PM-ILD group (P = 0.025). Conclusions. The manifestations and incidences of ILDs differ among different CTDs in HRCT and PFT, and inflammation and anti-SSA are positively correlated with ILDs in different CTDs, which provide important evidences for judging disease condition and prognosis.

A computerized resolution visual acuity test in preschool and school age children

●AIM:To develop a novel approach called the Autoacuity Tester,and to evaluate its validity,especially the sensitivity and specificity for detecting amblyopia.●METHODS:Children aged from 3 to 12 y(n=552)were enrolled in the study.The validity of the Autoacuity Tester was evaluated by comparing it to the Tumbling E Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study(ETDRS)acuity chart for school age children,and Lea Symbols and Teller acuity card(TAC)for preschool children.The repeatability was assessed by coefficient of repeatability(COR).The sensitivity and specificity for detecting amblyopia were calculated.●RESULTS:The mean difference(95%limits of agreement)between the Autoacuity Tester and the ETDRS tests were-0.03(-0.24,0.19)logMAR for the school age group.In preschool children,the mean difference was 0.04(-0.14,0.21)logMAR between the Autoacuity Tester and the TAC and 0.00(-0.17,0.18)logMAR between the Autoacuity Tester and the Lea Symbols.For the school age group,the COR was 0.20 logMAR for the Autoacuity Tester and 0.18 logMAR for the ETDRS.For the preschool group,the COR was 0.13 logMAR for the Autoacuity Tester and 0.21 logMAR for TAC.The Autoacuity Tester(88%)is more sensitive than TAC(72%)in detecting amblyopia(P=0.04),while had similar specificity(92%vs 90%,P=0.20).●CONCLUSION:The Autoacuity Tester provides a reliable alternative for assessing visual acuity,and offers advantage of higher testability and repeatability for preschool children.

CD-CAT中基于SCAD惩罚和EM视角的在线标定方法开发——G-DINA模型

G-DINA(the generalizeddeterministic input,noisy and gate)模型限制条件少,应用范围广,满足大量心理与教育评估测验数据的要求。研究提出一种适用于G-DINA等模型的同时标定新题Q矩阵与项目参数的认知诊断计算机化自适应测验(CD-CAT)在线标定新方法SCADOCM,以期促进CD-CAT在实践中的推广与应用。本研究分别基于模拟题库以及真实题库进行研究,结果表明:相比传统的SIE方法,SCADOCM在各实验条件下均具有较为理想的标定精度与标定效率,应用前景较好;SIE方法不适用于饱和的G-DINA等模型,其各实验条件下的Q矩阵标定精度均较低。

面向序列诊断的强化计算机自适应测验方法

计算机自适应测验旨在根据学生历史表现为学生选择合适的题目,快速有效地测量学生的真实能力.然而在智能教育场景下,现有自适应测验策略仍存在目标复杂和知识稀疏等问题.为此,文中构建用于智能场景的可精准测评学生知识能力的面向序列诊断的强化计算机自适应测验方法,包括基于序列诊断的学生模拟器和学生画像模型,并针对真实场景中自适应测验的目标复杂性,设计薄弱点准确率、预测表现耦合、自适应测验时长、测验异常率和测验的难度结构这5个评价指标.进一步地,提出基于强化学习的计算机自适应测验选题策略,利用双通道自注意力学习及矛盾学习模块缓解知识稀疏的问题.真实数据上的实验表明,文中选题策略不仅可高效测量学生真实能力,还可优化学生的作答体验,同时选择的题目也具有一定的可解释性,从而为智能教育场景下的计算机自适应测验提供一个可行方案.

CAT分层类曝光控制策略研究新进展

计算机化自适应测验(computerized adaptive testing,CAT)可以根据每一名考生的不同作答进行自适应选题,提高了测验精度.但高精度也伴随着高曝光风险,分层类项目曝光控制策略作为项目曝光控制的方法之一,是近年来曝光控制研究领域的热点.同时,反应时(RT)的收集是CAT的一大优势,RT对于测验的实施具有重要价值.该文综合介绍了传统的分层策略,并结合RT的分层策略探讨当前分层策略应用于CAT项目曝光控制中存在的问题及其未来研究方向.

计算机自适应测验有效性检验的探索与优化

计算机自适应测验(Computerized Adaptive Testing,CAT)的有效性检验是评定测验生成过程以及解释测验结果是否恰当、合理的必要步骤,然而系统性探讨CAT有效性检验的研究相对较少。为弥补其不足,文章在剖析CAT有效性检验内涵的基础上,首先梳理了基于IRT的题库、模拟CAT与真实CAT有效性检验的基本内容。然后,文章针对题库中试题逐渐向多维度和多模态转变的特点,提出利用高阶因子模型与多质多法模型对多维度与多模态试题进行有效性检验的方法;同时建议从测验公平性的角度,检验CLT与CAT中个体人格特质对被试作答表现的影响是否具有跨组不变性,最终形成了一套符合时代发展的CAT有效性检验的完整流程,以期为CAT的持续改进及其在教育实践中的普及推广提供助力。

RompecPC: A computerized program to create and solve jigsaw puzzles

RompecPC is a computerized program designed to create and assemble jigsaw puzzles. The program automatically records the solver’s responses as the number of pieces positioned correctly, the number of correct and incorrect movements, the number of times that she/he attempts to move a piece to the same place (perseverations), and the latency and place to which each piece is moved or attempted to be moved. These features facilitate the implementation and evaluation of puzzles while also reducing human error. Therefore, RompePC is a useful tool for the neuropsychological assessment of visuospatial skills in both clinical and experimental research.

计算机化神经认知评估工具预测老年患者早期术后认知功能障碍的价值

目的探讨计算机化神经认知评估工具预测老年患者早期术后认知功能障碍(POCD)的价值。方法选择2021年7月至2022年7月安徽医科大学第二附属医院骨科行初次单侧髋关节置换的65~85岁患者70例,于术前1 d和术后一周进行神经心理学测试和计算机化测试。神经心理学的测试内容包括简易智力量表(MMSE)、修订韦氏记忆量表和连线测试。计算机化神经认知评估工具主要包括诱饵辨别指数(LDI)和识别记忆分数(REC)。根据Z计分法判定是否发生POCD,进一步将患者分为POCD组(n=16)和非POCD组(n=54),借助受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)分析LDI和REC值预测及筛查早期POCD的效能。结果POCD组术前术后LDI均明显低于非POCD组(P<0.05),POCD组术后REC明显低于非POCD组(P<0.05)。POCD组术前计算机化神经认知评估工具诊断的准确率为67.2%,截断值为0.1567,敏感度为87.5%,特异度为44.4%,约登指数为0.319;POCD组术后计算机化神经认知评估工具诊断的准确率为69.8%,截断值为0.0917,敏感度为81.3%,特异度为59.3%,约登指数为0.406。结论计算机化神经认知评估工具有助于预测和筛查老年患者早期POCD的发生。

多值评分CD-CAT的选题策略研究

认知诊断计算机化自适应测验(Cognitive diagnosis computerized adaptive testing, CD-CAT)为心理和教育评估测验的发展提供了新的视角。目前,关于CD-CAT的研究主要是基于二值评分的模型展开,但是,在实际应用领域,存在很多多值评分数据。高效的选题方法是CD-CAT程序成功的核心要素,本研究提出了两种新的多值评分CD-CAT(polytomous CDCAT, PCD-CAT)的选题方法,期望后验方差(expected posterior variance, EPV)和最大期望距离(maximum expected distance,MED)。通过模拟实验比较了EPV和MED在PCD-CAT的效果。实验结果表明,与传统的选题方法相比,EPV和MED具有更高的测验精度和测验效率。最后,通过一个PISA数据分析检验了PCD-CAT在实际应用中的效果及其优势。

基于用户体验与自适应的风景园林简史教育游戏小程序设计研究

在数字化赋能高等教育高质量发展的大背景下,以新媒体和移动终端为媒介的知识信息的快速传播方式广泛应用于教学的全周期过程中。以学生学习的痛点问题和学习体验为出发点,以“风景园林简史”课程为例,前端基于上瘾模型、正负反馈循环系统,设计用于课后知识点考核的教育游戏机制,并采用扁平化插画的方式,形成适用于移动端技术支持下小体量、简单、有趣的小程序游戏的视觉、触觉、听觉等多感官的体验。同时,后端依托JavaScript、WXML、WXSS等语言,基于计算机自适应测试技术,实现课程知识点测试游戏小程序的设计研发。该教育游戏可以有效激发学生的学习兴趣,提高知识巩固的效率,并通过人工智能算法为学生制定更加个性化的能力测试,对于专业教育、美育教育与人工智能技术融合方面的教学创新与资源迭代具有积极意义。

无损检测用工业CT几何尺寸校准方法的研究

文章对工业CT几何参数校准方法,2D、3D模式下探测误差和长度测量误差的校准方法进行了研究,并采用不同标准器进行校准,克服了不同测量模式间的差异。项目成果对于规范工业CT几何参数校准工作,提升无损检测的评价质量,促进汽车、新材料、装备制造、航空航天、国防领域高质量发展具有重要意义。

认知诊断测验蓝图的设计

通常认为由属性和项目关联阵(即Q矩阵)的列对应的项目充任认知诊断测验中行为样本,其实这种做法不能有效防止理想反应模式的误判。如在测验之前便可确定欲测之属性及层级关系,找到可达阵,可证明可达阵的各个列对应的项目类在认知诊断测验中必不可少,否则在理想反应模式下就一定有一些被试会被误判。本文给出充分必要Q矩阵的概念,以区别Tatsuoka(1995,2009)讨论过的充分Q矩阵概念。充分必要Q矩阵才能有效指导测验的编制。

计算机网络实验课程考试系统设计及实现

基于计算机技术、网络技术和多媒体技术的相关理论,介绍了一个专用的考试系统———计算机网络考试系统。该系统主要应用于计算机网络课程的在线考试,其有别于其他的考试系统,主要体现在以下几方面:有独立的知识体系,涵盖面广,考试系统可以在不同的操作系统下运行。

等级反应模型下计算机化自适应测验选题策略

计算机化自适应测验(CAT)中的选题策略,一直是国内外相关学者关注的问题。然而对多级评分的CAT的选题策略的研究却很少报导。本研究采用计算机模拟程序对等级反应模型(G raded Response Model)下CAT的四种选题策略进行研究。研究表明:等级难度值与当前能力估计值匹配选题策略的综合评价最高;在选题策略中增设“影子题库”可以明显提高项目调用的均匀性;并且不同的项目参数分布或不同的能力估计方法都对CAT评价指标有影响。

原状膨胀土剪切损伤演化的定量分析

根据原状膨胀土在非饱和三轴剪切试验过程中的CT扫描结果,定义了一个基于CT数据的原状膨胀土的结构损伤变量,建立了剪切过程中膨胀土的损伤演化方程。

引入曝光因子的计算机化自适应测验选题策略

在计算机化自适应测验(CAT)的研究中,制定既高效又安全的选题策略是一个追求目标。用极大项目信息量准则(MIC)选题使得测验效率高、能力估计准确,缺点是项目调用很不均匀,影响考试的安全;按a分层法通过控制试题曝光率以提高考试的安全性,但该方法可能会使测验效率略有下降,且该方法在各层内部无法实现对区分度的调整。本文针对上述两种选题策略的优缺点,对0-1评分下的CAT,通过引入曝光因子、分阶段自动调整区分度的影响以及提高选题准确性等手段,对MIC和a-STR进行改进,引入了两类新的选题策略。计算机模拟实验显示,新的选题方法效果比较理想。