Predictive Emission Monitoring Systems (PEMS) offer a cost-effective and environmentally friendly alternative to Continuous Emission Monitoring Systems (CEMS) for monitoring pollution from industrial sources. Multiple...Predictive Emission Monitoring Systems (PEMS) offer a cost-effective and environmentally friendly alternative to Continuous Emission Monitoring Systems (CEMS) for monitoring pollution from industrial sources. Multiple regression is one of the fundamental statistical techniques to describe the relationship between dependent and independent variables. This model can be effectively used to develop a PEMS, to estimate the amount of pollution emitted by industrial sources, where the fuel composition and other process-related parameters are available. It often makes them sufficient to predict the emission discharge with acceptable accuracy. In cases where PEMS are accepted as an alternative method to CEMS, which use gas analyzers, they can provide cost savings and substantial benefits for ongoing system support and maintenance. The described mathematical concept is based on the matrix algebra representation in multiple regression involving multiple precision arithmetic techniques. Challenging numerical examples for statistical big data analysis, are investigated. Numerical examples illustrate computational accuracy and efficiency of statistical analysis due to increasing the precision level. The programming language C++ is used for mathematical model implementation. The data for research and development, including the dependent fuel and independent NOx emissions data, were obtained from CEMS software installed on a petrochemical plant.展开更多
A novel broad concept of numbers was given out based upon the analyzing of numbers′ carrying rule. In international mathematics & computer science, all researches on numbers are only confined to same varying rule...A novel broad concept of numbers was given out based upon the analyzing of numbers′ carrying rule. In international mathematics & computer science, all researches on numbers are only confined to same varying rule of the FCN (fixed carrying numbers). The concept of VCN (variable carrying numbers) was presented, and some applied examples of practice were given out. So the engineering application of VCN for n-figures is wider than that of FCN in human society.展开更多
The problem of interval correlation results in interval extension is discussed by the relationship of interval-valued functions and real-valued functions. The methods of reducing interval extension are given. Based on...The problem of interval correlation results in interval extension is discussed by the relationship of interval-valued functions and real-valued functions. The methods of reducing interval extension are given. Based on the ideas of the paper, the formulas of sub-interval perturbed finite element method based on the elements are given. The sub-interval amount is discussed and the approximate computation formula is given. At the same time, the computational precision is discussed and some measures of improving computational efficiency are given. Finally, based on sub-interval perturbed finite element method and anti-slide stability analysis method, the formula for computing the bounds of stability factor is given. It provides a basis for estimating and evaluating reasonably anti-slide stability of structures.展开更多
Monte-Carlo （MC） method is widely adopted to take into account general dynamic equation （GDE） for particle coagulation, however popular MC method has high computation cost and statistical fatigue. A new Multi-Mont...Monte-Carlo （MC） method is widely adopted to take into account general dynamic equation （GDE） for particle coagulation, however popular MC method has high computation cost and statistical fatigue. A new Multi-Monte-Carlo （MMC） method, which has characteristics of time-driven MC method, constant number method and constant volume method, was promoted to solve GDE for coagulation. Firstly MMC method was described in details, including the introduction of weighted fictitious particle, the scheme of MMC method, the setting of time step, the judgment of the occurrence of coagulation event, the choice of coagulation partner and the consequential treatment of coagulation event. Secondly MMC method was validated by five special coagulation cases in which analytical solutions exist. The good agreement between the simulation results of MMC method and analytical solutions shows MMC method conserves high computation precision and has low computation cost. Lastly the different influence of different kinds of coagulation kernel on the process of coagulation was analyzed： constant coagulation kernel and Brownian coagulation kernel in continuum regime affect small particles much more than linear and quadratic coagulation kernel,whereas affect big particles much less than linear and quadratic coagulation kernel.展开更多
文摘Predictive Emission Monitoring Systems (PEMS) offer a cost-effective and environmentally friendly alternative to Continuous Emission Monitoring Systems (CEMS) for monitoring pollution from industrial sources. Multiple regression is one of the fundamental statistical techniques to describe the relationship between dependent and independent variables. This model can be effectively used to develop a PEMS, to estimate the amount of pollution emitted by industrial sources, where the fuel composition and other process-related parameters are available. It often makes them sufficient to predict the emission discharge with acceptable accuracy. In cases where PEMS are accepted as an alternative method to CEMS, which use gas analyzers, they can provide cost savings and substantial benefits for ongoing system support and maintenance. The described mathematical concept is based on the matrix algebra representation in multiple regression involving multiple precision arithmetic techniques. Challenging numerical examples for statistical big data analysis, are investigated. Numerical examples illustrate computational accuracy and efficiency of statistical analysis due to increasing the precision level. The programming language C++ is used for mathematical model implementation. The data for research and development, including the dependent fuel and independent NOx emissions data, were obtained from CEMS software installed on a petrochemical plant.
基金This research is supported by the Nature Science Foundation of Fujian Province of China(item No.2006J0414foundation No.A0640015)
文摘A novel broad concept of numbers was given out based upon the analyzing of numbers′ carrying rule. In international mathematics & computer science, all researches on numbers are only confined to same varying rule of the FCN (fixed carrying numbers). The concept of VCN (variable carrying numbers) was presented, and some applied examples of practice were given out. So the engineering application of VCN for n-figures is wider than that of FCN in human society.
文摘The problem of interval correlation results in interval extension is discussed by the relationship of interval-valued functions and real-valued functions. The methods of reducing interval extension are given. Based on the ideas of the paper, the formulas of sub-interval perturbed finite element method based on the elements are given. The sub-interval amount is discussed and the approximate computation formula is given. At the same time, the computational precision is discussed and some measures of improving computational efficiency are given. Finally, based on sub-interval perturbed finite element method and anti-slide stability analysis method, the formula for computing the bounds of stability factor is given. It provides a basis for estimating and evaluating reasonably anti-slide stability of structures.
文摘Monte-Carlo （MC） method is widely adopted to take into account general dynamic equation （GDE） for particle coagulation, however popular MC method has high computation cost and statistical fatigue. A new Multi-Monte-Carlo （MMC） method, which has characteristics of time-driven MC method, constant number method and constant volume method, was promoted to solve GDE for coagulation. Firstly MMC method was described in details, including the introduction of weighted fictitious particle, the scheme of MMC method, the setting of time step, the judgment of the occurrence of coagulation event, the choice of coagulation partner and the consequential treatment of coagulation event. Secondly MMC method was validated by five special coagulation cases in which analytical solutions exist. The good agreement between the simulation results of MMC method and analytical solutions shows MMC method conserves high computation precision and has low computation cost. Lastly the different influence of different kinds of coagulation kernel on the process of coagulation was analyzed： constant coagulation kernel and Brownian coagulation kernel in continuum regime affect small particles much more than linear and quadratic coagulation kernel,whereas affect big particles much less than linear and quadratic coagulation kernel.
