Relationship of Abundance of Oceanic Sea Skaters, Halobates in the Tropical Pacific Ocean to Surface Biomass and Chlorophyll/Oxygen Concentrations

Relationship of population density of oceanic sea skaters collected from tropical and subtropical zones in the Pacific Ocean was examined to chlorophyll concentration/Dissolved Oxygen concentration and biomass in surface sea water. The four parameters shown above were measured at the site of 12oN 135oN during the cruise, MR13-03 cruise, and at the site of 25oN 160oE during another cruise KH-14-02. Significant and positive correlation between all biomass (especially invertebrates) and population density of oceanic sea skaters collected with a Neuston-Net trailing during 15 min was shown in overall analysis on the data of the both samplings (p oN 160oE than that at 12oN 135oN with similar value of chlorophyll value (p oN 160oE than that at 12oN 135oN for keeping high density population of oceanic sea skaters.

Studies on Antibacterial Effect of Berberis julianae Schneid and Cinnamomum camphora( L.) Presl. to Avian Escherichia coli and Salmonella

[Objective]This study aimed to observe the antibacterial activity of Berberis julianae Schneid and Cinnamomum camphora（ L.） Presl. aqueous extracts and their antibiotical effect when being used with commonly used antibiotics in- vitro. [Method] Broth microdilution method and checkerboard dilution method were used and the reference strain E. coli ATCC25922 and clinical sample separation strains of E. coli and Salmonella were selected to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration（ MIC） and fractional inhibitory concentration（ FIC）. [Result] The MICs of Berberis julianae Schneid and Cinnamomum camphora（ L.） Presl. for E. coli and Salmonella were both 1 mg /mL,and that of other antibiotics for the two strains were in the quality control range provided by NCCLS. [Conclusion] The synergistic effect or additive effect were observed when they were applied with the commonly used antibiotics.

Testing Bifacial PV Cells in Symmetric and Asymmetric Concentrating CPC Collectors

Bifacial PV cells have the capacity to produce solar electricity from both sides and, thus, amongst other advantages, allow a significantly increase both in peak and annual power output while utilizing the same amount of silicone. According to the manufacturer, the bifacial cells are around 1.3 times more expensive than the single-sided cells. This way, bifacial PV cells can effectively reduce the cost of solar power for certain applications. Today, the most common application for these cells is in stationary vertical collectors which are exposed to sunlight from both sides, as the relative position of the sun changes throughout the day. Another possible application is to utilize these cells in concentrating collectors. Three test prototypes utilizing bifacial PV cells were built. The initial two prototypes were built for indoor testing and differed only in geometry of the reflector, one being asymmetric and the other symmetric. Both prototypes were evaluated in an indoor solar simulator. Both reflector designs yielded positive electrical performance results and similar efficiencies from both sides of the cell were achieved. However, lower fill factor than expected was achieved for both designs when compared to the single cell tests. The results are discussed and suggestions for further testing are presented. A third prototype was built in order to perform outdoor evaluations. This prototype utilized a bifacial PV cells string laminated in silicone enclosed between 2 standard glass panes and a collector box with an asymmetric CPC concentrator. The prototype peak electrical efficiency and temperature dependence were evaluated. A comparison between the performance of the bottom and top sides of the asymmetric collector is also presented. Additionally, the incidence modifier angle (IAM) is also briefly discussed.

Calculation of hydrogen and helium concentrations for CSNS target

The China Spallation Neutron Source（CSNS） is driven by protons whose energies are about 1.6 GeV.At such high energies, the spallation neutrons lead to the formation of large amounts of helium, hydrogen and new heavier species in the form of transmutation products. These hydrogen, helium and transmutation products have a critical effect on the mechanical properties on the one hand and exacerbate the displacement radiation damage on the other hand. In this paper, the background hydrogen/helium concentrations and the maximum hydrogen/helium concentrations near cracks in a tungsten target for CSNS have been calculated at temperatures of 100 and 300 by applying a theoretical model. For the CSNS tungsten target plate, we find the maximum hydrogen concentration near the tips of cracks ranges from 3.0×10^（-2）–2×10^（-1）, which exceeds the hydrogen background concentration by 1.2–1.8 times; the maximum helium concentration near the tips of cracks ranges from 3.0×10^（-4）- 1.2×10^（-3）, which exceeds the helium background concentration by 2- 4 times; the maximum hydrogen/helium concentration increases with the increase of the transfer length across the surfaces of the target and it decreases with the increase of temperature.

Indoor and outdoor particle concentration distributions of a typical meeting room during haze and clear-sky days

Air quality has increasingly been a great concern all over the world,and the good command of indoor and outdoor air qualities is of

Characterization of particulate matter from diesel passenger cars tested on chassis dynamometers

Emission characterization of particle number as well as particle mass from three diesel passenger cars equipped with diesel particulate filter（DPF）, diesel oxidation catalyst（DOC）and exhaust gas recirculation（EGR） under the vehicle driving cycles and regulatory cycle.Total particle number emissions（PNEs） decreased gradually during speed-up of vehicle from 17.3 to 97.3 km/hr. As the average vehicle speed increases, the size-segregated peak of particle number concentration shifts to smaller size ranges of particles. The correlation analysis with various particulate components such as particle number concentration（PNC）,ultrafine particle number concentration（UFPNC） and particulate matter（PM） mass was conducted to compare gaseous compounds（CO, CO2, HC and NOx）. The UFPNC and PM were not only emitted highly in Seoul during severe traffic jam conditions, but also have good correlation with hydrocarbons and NOxinfluencing high potential on secondary aerosol generation. The effect of the dilution temperature on total PNC under the New European Driving Cycle（NEDC）, was slightly higher than the dilution ratio. In addition, the nuclei mode（DP： ≤ 13 nm） was confirmed to be more sensitive to the dilution temperature rather than other particle size ranges. Comparison with particle composition between vehicle speed cycles and regulatory cycle showed that sulfate was slightly increased at regulatory cycle, while other components were relatively similar. During cold start test, semivolatile nucleation particles were increased due to effect of cold environment. Research on particle formation dependent on dilution conditions of diesel passenger cars under the NEDC is important to verify impact on vehicular traffic and secondary aerosol formation in Seoul.