The contrast agent concentration, the time of repetition (TR) and magnetic field strength are significant parameters that influence for the accurate signal intensity (SI) in quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MR...The contrast agent concentration, the time of repetition (TR) and magnetic field strength are significant parameters that influence for the accurate signal intensity (SI) in quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate and refine the dependence and the optimal effect of Time of Repetition (TR) on the relationship between signal intensity and Gd-DTPA (Gadolinium-diethylene-triaminepenta-acetic acid) concentration, after applying two-dimensional (2D) Spin Echo (SE) pulse sequence under low-field MRI. In addition to that, the optimal concentration of Gd-DTPA at given sequence parameters at low-field MRI was also evaluated. A water-filled phantom was constructed for a range of Gd-DTPA concentrations (0 - 6 mmol/L) and the mean signal intensities (SIs) were assessed in the defined region of interest on T1-weighted images with different TR values (40 - 2000 ms). The generated signal-concentration curves for Gd-DTPA revealed that increasing TR was associated with the increase of the overall SIs and the maximum relationship between SI to concentration. Moreover, the required Gd-DTPA concentration to produce the maximum SI was associated to decrease with the increase of TR. In addition to this, the application of beyond 100 ms TR values in this study with relatively higher concentrations (beyond 1 - 2 mmol/L) has resulted predominantly non-linear patterns in the signal-concentration curves and it appears the saturation or decay of the SIs due to T2 effect. From these results, it can be suggested that the selection of relatively lower Gd-DTPA concentration ( mmol/L) with less than 800 ms (<800 ms) TR values can produce a better linear relationship between the concertation and SIs in T1-weighted SE low field contrast-enhanced MRI. Furthermore, this study also outlined the significance and necessity of the optimization of TR in SE sequence in low field MRI prior to a particular examination.展开更多
在陆家寨岩溶隧道施工期间,曾预报并揭露大型溶洞,施工过程中接近溶腔段围岩变形较大且伴随围岩块体脱落,给隧道施工带来极大的安全隐患。基于深埋球形洞室的弹塑性二次应力分布,结合新奥法隧道施工理念,利用 FLAC 3D 模拟隧道开挖接近...在陆家寨岩溶隧道施工期间,曾预报并揭露大型溶洞,施工过程中接近溶腔段围岩变形较大且伴随围岩块体脱落,给隧道施工带来极大的安全隐患。基于深埋球形洞室的弹塑性二次应力分布,结合新奥法隧道施工理念,利用 FLAC 3D 模拟隧道开挖接近并进入大型溶洞的过程。在自重应力场下分析不同大小的球形洞室周围应力场对隧道围岩变形的影响。结果表明:球形洞室会在周围形成中心半径为 1. 5 倍洞室半径的应力集中带;隧道开挖接近应力集中带时,将引起隧道前方应力集中区与溶洞应力集中带的叠加;随着隧道继续开挖,叠加效应在下一个进尺完成后失效;分布在隧道两侧围岩,该叠加再分散的过程会造成拱顶、拱肩的变形增大,影响隧道开挖的安全。研究为中国岩溶隧道的建设有重要的参考和借鉴价值。展开更多
文摘The contrast agent concentration, the time of repetition (TR) and magnetic field strength are significant parameters that influence for the accurate signal intensity (SI) in quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate and refine the dependence and the optimal effect of Time of Repetition (TR) on the relationship between signal intensity and Gd-DTPA (Gadolinium-diethylene-triaminepenta-acetic acid) concentration, after applying two-dimensional (2D) Spin Echo (SE) pulse sequence under low-field MRI. In addition to that, the optimal concentration of Gd-DTPA at given sequence parameters at low-field MRI was also evaluated. A water-filled phantom was constructed for a range of Gd-DTPA concentrations (0 - 6 mmol/L) and the mean signal intensities (SIs) were assessed in the defined region of interest on T1-weighted images with different TR values (40 - 2000 ms). The generated signal-concentration curves for Gd-DTPA revealed that increasing TR was associated with the increase of the overall SIs and the maximum relationship between SI to concentration. Moreover, the required Gd-DTPA concentration to produce the maximum SI was associated to decrease with the increase of TR. In addition to this, the application of beyond 100 ms TR values in this study with relatively higher concentrations (beyond 1 - 2 mmol/L) has resulted predominantly non-linear patterns in the signal-concentration curves and it appears the saturation or decay of the SIs due to T2 effect. From these results, it can be suggested that the selection of relatively lower Gd-DTPA concentration ( mmol/L) with less than 800 ms (<800 ms) TR values can produce a better linear relationship between the concertation and SIs in T1-weighted SE low field contrast-enhanced MRI. Furthermore, this study also outlined the significance and necessity of the optimization of TR in SE sequence in low field MRI prior to a particular examination.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(30700619)the Open Fund of Key Laboratory of Ecological Environment and Resources of Inland Fisheries,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences(YM2007-01)~~
