A Comparative Study of Conceptual Structures of Metaphor and Metonymy from a Cognitive Perspective

Metaphor and metonymy are viewed as two different figures of speech in traditional rhetoric,while,in cognitive linguistics,both are both conceptual,spontaneous,and unconscious human activities based on thinking and basic experience in the human brain.In some sense,metaphor and metonymy can be a mode of thinking.A Concept is inseparable from perception and perception is inseparable from thinking.The basic composition of metaphor and metonymy is a concept.That is the way they are associated with.This paper aims to build conceptual structures of metaphor and metonymy from the micro perspective and probe into their working mechanisms.The author also lays out their distinctions in terms of basis,principles,span,and effectiveness through analyzing some examples extracted from literary works.

Influence of the cylinder head structure of a diesel engine on fatigue strength

Using finite element method,influence of diesel cylinder head structure on fatigue strength is investigated.A simplified head model with function characteristics is built for thermal-mechanical simulation.From the simulation results,the influence of valve bridge structure and roof transition fillet dimension on fatigue strength are obtained.And a new valve bridge structure which can effectively improve the fatigue life is proposed.

CONCEPTUAL MODELING BASED ON LOGICAL EXPRESSION AND EVOLVEMENT

Aiming at the problem of abstract and polytype information modeling in product conceptual design, a method of conceptual modeling based on logical expression and evolvement is presented. Based on the logic expressions of the product conceptual design information, a fimction/logic/strucmre mapping model is set up. First, the fimction semantics is transformed into logical expressions through fimction/logic mapping. Second, the methods of logical evolvement are utilized to describe the fimction analysis, fimction/strucmre mapping and structure combination. Last, the logical structure scheme is transformed into geometrical sketch through logic/structure mapping. The conceptual design information and modeling process are described uniformly with logical methods in the model, and an effective method for computer aided conceptual design based on the model is implemented.

Forming-Precision-Driven Structure Design of Hydraulic Press: Methodology and Case Study

The structure stiffness of presses has great effects on the forming precision of workpieces, especially in near-net or net shape forming. Conventionally the stiffness specification of presses is empirically determined, resulting in poor designs with insufficient or over sufficient stiffness of press structures. In this paper, an approach for the structure design of hydraulic presses is proposed, which is forming-precision-driven and can make presses costeffective by lightweight optimization. The approach consists of five steps:(1)the determination of the press stiffness specification in terms of the forming precision requirement of workpieces;(2)the conceptual design of the press structures according to the stiffness and workspace specifications, and the structure configuration of the press;(3)the prototype design of the press structures by equivalently converting the conceptual design to prototypes;(4)the selection of key structure parameters by sensitivity analysis of the prototype design; and(5)the optimization of the prototype design. The approach is demonstrated and validated through a case study of the structure design of a 100 MN hydraulic press.

From Concepts to Consistent Object Specifications:Translation of a Domain-Oriented Feature Framework into Practice

A steady increase in consumer demands, and severe constraints from both a somewhat damaged environment and newly installed government policies, require today's product design and development to be faster and more efficient than ever before, yet utilizing even fewer resources. New holistic approaches, such as total product life cycle modeling which embraces all aspects of a product's life cycle, are current attempts to solve these problems. Within the field of product design and modeling, feature technology has proved to be one very promising solution component. Owing to the tremendous increase in information technology, to transfer from low level data processing towards knowledge modeling and information processing is about to bring a change in almost every computerized application. From this viewpoint, current problems of both feature frameworks and feature systems are analyzed in respect to static and dynamic consistency breakdowns. The analysis ranges from early stages of designing (feature) concepts to final system implementation and application. Por the first time, an integrated view is given oil approaches, solutions and practical experience, with feature concepts and structures, providing both a feature framework and its implementation with sufficient system architecture and computational power to master a fair number of known consistency breakdowns, while providing for robust contexts for feature semantics and integrated models. Within today's heavy use of information technology these are pre-requisites if the full potential of feature technology is to be successfully translated into practice.

Design of a Low Respiratory Resistance Mask for COVID-19

Observational evidence suggests that mask-wearing mitigates transmission of COVID-19;at the same time high respiratory resistance leads to an unwillingness to wear masks.This paper proposed a respiratory drive structure to reduce the air resistance of a mask.This structure provides different shapes during expiration and inspiration while focusing on filtering dust,bacteria,or viruses.Meanwhile,the assembled system on the mask can be disassembled and replaced.Then porous media simulation is used to verify the model effect.Experimental results of a new mask show that the ventilation resistance is reduced by 20%,and the bacterial filtration efficiency meets the requirements of YY 0469–2011.