Effect of contact thermal resistance on temperature distributions of concrete-filled steel tubes in fire

To predicate the temperature distribution of concrete-filled steel tubes(CFSTs) being exposure to fire,a finite element analysis model was developed using a finite element package,ANSYS.A suggested value of contact thermal resistance was therefore proposed with the supporting of massive numbers of collected test data.Parametric analysis was conducted subsequently towards the cross-sectional temperature distribution of CFST columns in four-side fire,in which the exposure time,width of the cross section,steel ratio were taken into account with considering contact thermal resistance.It was found that contact thermal resistance has little effect on the overall temperature regulation with the exposure time,the width of cross-section or the change of steel ratio.However,great temperature dropping at the concrete adjacent to the contact interface,and gentle temperature increase at steel tube,exist if considering contact thermal resistance.The results of the study are expected to provide theoretical basis for the fire resistance behavior and design of the CFST columns being exposure to fire.

Axial Compression Behavior and Analytical Method of L-Shaped Column Composed of Concrete-Filled Square Steel Tubes

Based on the characteristics of an L-shaped column composed of concrete-filled square steel tubes, the axial compression experiment and nonlinear finite element analysis were carried out to study the mechanical property of the L-shaped column. The load-displacement curve for the L-shaped column, the deflection and load-strain curves for the mono columns were obtained by the axial compression experiment. The results show that the L-shaped column exhibits a flexural-torsional buckling failure mode. The numerical simulation by the finite element analysis shows that the bearing capacity and failure mode are in accordance with those of the axial compression experiment and the feasi- bility of the finite element analysis is proved. For the calculation of the bearing capacity of the L-shaped column com- posed of concrete-filled square steel tubes, an analytical method is proposed based on the theory of the elastic stability and spatial truss model. The results of the analytical method are in good agreement with those of the axial compression experiment and the finite element analysis.

A new calculation method for axial load capacity of separated concrete-filled steel tubes based on limit equilibrium theory

A new calculation method for axial load capacity of separated concrete-filled steel tubes based on limit equilibrium theory was proposed,which took into account the decrease of confinement effect by steel tube and the non-uniform distribution of ultimate stress in cored concrete.The accuracy of the analytical result is validated through running the numerical result by finite element method (FEM) and experimental data as well.The influences of the key parameters on the load capacity of the concrete-filled steel tube (CFST) was studied,including the separation ratio,concrete compressive strength,and steel strength.The results indicate that the load capacity of the tube increases with concrete strength and steel strength under the separation ratio less than 4%,while decreases with a higher separation ratio improved.

Experimental study on centrifugal concrete-filled steel tubes under bending and torsion

A real-size experiment on 11 tubes was done to study the performance o f centrifugal concrete-filled steel tubes under bending and torsion. This pape r first introduces the relevant operating method,equipment,subjects and process es. The factors that affect deformation and stiffness and the break mechanism un der different loading were studied. Experimental stress analysis showed that the values of practical critical stress of steel tubes accorded well with the MISES Yielding Rule. The correlative equation (on the bearing capacity of a structura l member under bending and torsion) deduced in this study may provide valuable reference for the design of this structural member.

Prediction of Axial Capacity of Concrete-Filled Square Steel Tubes Using Neural Networks

The application of artificial neural network to predict the ultimate bearing capacity of CFST （ concrete-filled square steel tubes） short columns under axial loading is explored. Input parameters consiste of concrete compressive strength, yield strength of steel tube, confinement index, sectional dimension and width-to-thickness ratio. The ultimate bearing capacity is the only output parameter. A multilayer feedforward neural network is used to describe the nonlinear relationships between the input and output variables. Fifty-five experimental data of CFST short columns under axial loading are used to train and test the neural network. A comparison between the neural network model and three parameter models shows that the neural network model possesses good accuracy and could be a practical method for predicting the ultimate strength of axially loaded CFST short columns.

Seismic performance of recycled concrete-filled square steel tube columns

An experimental study on the seismic performance of recycled concrete-filled square steel tube （RCFST） columns is carried out. Six specimens were designed and tested under constant axial compression and cyclic lateral loading. Two parameters, replacement percentage of recycled coarse aggregate （RCA） and axial compression level, were considered in the test. Based on the experimental data, the hysteretic loops, skeleton curves, ductility, energy dissipation capacity and stiffness degradation of RCFST columns were analyzed. The test results indicate that the failure modes of RCFST columns are the local buckling of the steel tube at the bottom of the columns, and the hysteretic loops are full and their shapes are similar to normal CFST columns. Furthermore, the ductility coefficient of all specimens are close to 3.0, and the equivalent viscous damping coefficient corresponding to the ultimate lateral load ranges from 0.323 to 0.360, which demonstrates that RCFST columns exhibit remarkable seismic performance.

Experimental investigation of axially loaded steel fiber reinforced high strength concrete-filled steel tube columns

An experimental study on the compressive behavior of steel fiber reinforced concrete-filled steel tube columns is presented. Specimens were tested to investigate the effects of the concrete strength, the thickness of steel tube and the steel fiber volume fraction on the ultimate strength and the ductility. The experimental results indicate that the addition of steel fibers in concrete can significantly improve the ductility and the energy dissipation capacity of the concrete-filled steel tube columns and delay the local buckling of the steel tube, but has no obvious effect on the failure mode. It has also been found that the addition of steel fibers is a more effective method than using thicker steel tube in enhancing the ductility, and more advantageous in the case of higher strength concrete. An analytical model to estimate the load capacity is proposed for steel tube columns filled with both plain concrete and steel fiber reinforced concrete. The predicted results are in good agreement with the experimental ones obtained in this work and literatures.

Bending behaviour of lightweight aggregate concrete-filled steel tube spatial truss beam

A lightweight aggregate concrete-filled steel tube(LACFST) spatial truss beam was tested under bending load. The performance was studied by the analysis of the beam deflection and strains in its chords and webs. According to the test results, several assumptions were made to deduce the bearing capacity calculation method based on the force balance of the whole section. An optimal dimension relationship for the truss beam chords was proposed and verified by finite element analysis. Results show that the LACFST spatial truss beam failed after excessive deflection. The strain distribution agreed with Bernoulli-Euler theoretical prediction. The truss beam flexural bearing capacity calculation results matched test evidence with only a 3% difference between the two. Finite element analyses with different chord dimensions show that the ultimate bearing capacity increases as the chord dimensions increase when the chords have a diameter smaller than optimal one; otherwise, it remains almost unchanged as the chord dimensions increase.

Local Tensile Strength of Connection Between H-Steel Beam Flange and Concrete-Filled Circular Column Tube with Through Diaphragm

This paper focused on investigating local tensile strength of connection between steel beam flange and concrete-filled circular column tube with through diaphragm. Three specimens were designed and tested to failure, and the structure behavior was studied by experiment and FEM analysis. On the basis of the results obtained, an estimation for local plastic and ultimate strengths of the connections using yield line theory was attempted, which results in a good prediction.

Application of Compactness Detection to Complicated Concrete-Filled Steel Tube by Ultrasonic Method

An example of using ultrasonic method to detect the compactness of complicated concrete-filled steel tube in certain high-rise building was discussed in this study.Because of the particularity of the complicated concrete-filled steel tubular column,the plane detection method and embedded sounding pipe method were adopted in the process of effectively detecting the column.According to the results of the plane detection method and embedded sounding pipe method,the cementing status of steel tube and concrete can be concluded,which cannot be judged by the hammering method in the rectangular steel tube-reinforced concrete.

Concrete-Filled Steel Tube Arch Bridges in China

In the past 20 years, great progress has been achieved in China in the construction of concrete-filled steel tube （CFST） arch bridges and concrete arch bridges with a CFST skeleton. The span of these bridges has been increasing rapidly, which is rare in the history of bridge development. The large-scale construction of expressways and high-speed railways demands the development of long-span arch bridges, and advances in design and construction techniques have made it possible to construct such bridges. In the present study, the current status, development, and major innovative technologies of CFST arch bridges and concrete arch bridges with a CFST skeleton in China are elaborated. This paper covers the key con- struction technologies of CFST arch bridges, such as the design, manufacture, and installation of steel tube arch trusses, the preparation and pouring of in-tube concrete, and the construction of the world＇s longest CFST arch bridge-the First Hejiang Yangtze River Bridge. The main construction technologies of rein- forced concrete arch bridges are also presented, which include cable-stayed fastening-hanging cantilever assembly, adjusting the load by means of stay cables, surrounding the concrete for arch rib pouring, and so forth. In addition, the construction of two CFST skeleton concrete arch bridges-the Guangxi Yongning Yong River Bridge and the Yunnan-Guangxi Railway Nanpan River Bridge--is discussed. CFST arch bridges in China have already gained a world-leading position; with the continuous innovation of key technologies, China will become the new leader in promoting the development of arch bridges.

Reliability analysis of circular concrete-filled steel tube with material and geometrical nonlinearity

Most of the previous research on concrete-filled steel tube is restricted to a deterministic approach. To gain clear insight into the random properties of circular concrete-filled steel tube, reliability analysis is carried out in the present study. To obtain the Structural nonlinear response and ultimate resistance capacity, material and geometrical nonlinear analysis of circular concrete-filled steel tube is performed with a three-dimensional degenerated beam ele- ment. Then we investigate the reliability of concrete-filled steel tube using the first-order reliability method combined with nonlinear finite element analysis. The influences of such parameters as material strength, slenderness, initial geo- metrical imperfection, etc. on the reliability of circular concrete-filled steel tube column are studied. It can be con- cluded that inevitable random fluctuation of those parameters has significant influence on structural reliability, and that stochastic or reliability methods can provide a more rational and subjective evaluation on the safety of CFT structures than a deterministic approach.

Behavior of eccentrically loaded concrete-filled GFRP tubular short columns

The glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) tube is an effective material that can increase the bearing capacity and ductility of concrete.To study the mechanical behavior of this composite structure,twenty-one concrete-filled GFRP tubular short columns were tested under an eccentric load.The principle influencing factors,such as the eccentricity ratio,concrete strength and ratio of longitudinal reinforcement were also studied.In addition,the course of deformation,failure mode,and failure mechanism were analyzed by observing the phenomena and summarizing the data.The test results indicated that the strength and deformation characteristics of core concrete increase as a result of the addition of the GFRP tube.However,the gain in strength due to the addition of the GFRP tube decreases as the ratio of e /d increases.An increase in the longitudinal steel ratio can improve the bearing capacity of the composite short column effectively.Furthermore,the study showed that the constraint effect of the GFRP tube on high-strength concrete is not as effective as that on common concrete.The reason is that the lateral deformation of the high-strength concrete is less than that of the common concrete when the concrete column was tested under the same axial compression ratio.

Ductility and Ultimate Capacity of Concrete-Filled Lattice Rectangular Steel Tube Columns

A kind of concrete-filled lattice rectangular steel tube(CFLRST)column was put forward.The numerical simulation was modeled to analyze the mechanical characteristic of CFLRST column.By comparing the load-deformation curves from the test results,the rationality and reliability of the finite element model has been confirmed,moreover,the change of the section stiffness and stress in the forcing process and the ultimate bearing capacity of the column were analyzed.Based on the model,the comparison of ultimate bearing capacity and ductility between CFLRST column and reinforced concrete(RC)column were also analyzed.The results of the finite element analysis show that the loading process of CFLRST column consists of elastic stage,yield stage and failure stage.The failure modes are mainly strength failure and failure of elastoplastic instability.CFLRST column has higher bearing capacities in comparison with reinforced concrete columns with the same steel ratio.In addition,the stiffness degeneration of CFLRST column is slower than RC column and CFLRST column has good ductility.

含钢率对GFRP管-钢骨混凝土组合构件抗冲击性能的影响

为了研究含钢率对GFRP(glass fiber reinforced polymer)管-钢骨混凝土组合构件抗冲击性能的影响,建立15个组合构件的数值模型,在验证模型正确的基础上,通过分析典型构件的冲击全过程、截面弯矩发展以及破坏时应变分布规律,研究构件在侧向冲击荷载作用下的破坏模式;通过分析构件冲击力时程曲线、侧移时程曲线以及能量变化情况,探究含钢率对不同长细比构件抗冲击性能的影响。结果表明:与未配置钢骨的构件相比,GFRP管-钢骨混凝土构件的抗冲击承载力提高了7%~134%,侧向位移减小了13%~68%。在侧向冲击荷载作用下,构件的破坏模式以弯曲破坏为主,同时伴随着GFRP管和混凝土冲击区域的局部破坏,抗弯刚度是影响构件抗冲击性能的主要因素之一。构件的抗冲击承载力随着含钢率的增高而提高,随着构件长细比的增大而降低。含钢率相差1.5%时,截面惯性矩较大的窄翼缘型钢对构件的抗冲击性能更有利。对于长细比大于20的构件,钢骨耗能是组合构件总能耗的主要组成部分。

内衬GFRP防护复合管壁原缺陷坑处应力重分布规律分析

为了深入研究内衬GFRP防护复合管壁在其原管道内腐蚀缺陷坑处的应力重分布状态以及其修复的效果,利用弹塑性力学中的平衡微分方程,建立了管道内腐蚀缺陷处的数学模型,采用有限单元法建立了含单个腐蚀缺陷的管道模型,并通过改变腐蚀缺陷坑的深厚比,将修复前后腐蚀缺陷坑处的应力状态进行对比分析。分析结果表明,腐蚀缺陷坑的深厚比对管道的应力分布有着显著的影响,所以在进行管道安全评估时应注意腐蚀坑深度的影响;在腐蚀缺陷坑深厚比0.1到0.8的分次增加的过程中,管壁腐蚀缺陷处的周向应力,径向应力,Mises应力都有增大的趋势;修复前腐蚀缺陷坑处的周向应力和Mises应力相近,径向应力较前两者小,三者中周向应力最大;在修复前后,管道腐蚀缺陷处的控制应力一般是周向应力,管道的失效可依据周向应力进行判断;修复后的内衬GFRP防护复合管壁,原始腐蚀缺陷坑处发生了应力重分布,其周向应力与Mises应力均有减小,修复效果明显。

两端简支GFRP管-钢骨混凝土构件抗侧向冲击性能有限元分析

目的 研究两端简支GFRP管-钢骨混凝土构件的抗侧向冲击性能,为该类构件的工程应用提供参考。方法 建立并验证侧向冲击荷载作用下两端简支GFRP管-钢骨混凝土构件有限元模型,分析了典型构件在侧向冲击荷载作用下的全过程、破坏形态、应力发展、相互作用力时程曲线和弯矩时程曲线等动态响应;研究了冲击能量、冲击冲量、钢材强度、GFRP管厚度以及截面含钢率对构件抗冲击性能的影响。结果 随着冲击能量及冲量的增大,冲击持时和构件弯曲变形增大;提高钢材强度、GFRP管厚度可以改善构件的抗冲击性能。结论 GFRP管对混凝土有较好的约束作用,构件在侧向冲击荷载作用下整体发生弯曲破坏,内部钢骨塑性变形发展充分,构件抗侧向冲击性能优越。

Axial Bearing Capacity of Short FRP Confined Concrete-filled Steel Tubular Columns

The bearing capacity of FRP confined concrete-filled steel tubular （FRP-CFST） columns under axial compression was investigated. This new type of composite column is a concrete-filled steel tube （CFST） confined with fiber-reinforced polymer （FRP） wraps. Totally 11 short column specimens were tested to failure under axial compression. The influences of the type and quantity of FRP, the thickness of steel tube and the concrete strength were studied. It was found that the bearing capacity of short FRP-CFST column was much higher than that of comparable CFST column. Furthermore, the formulas for calculating the bearing capacity of the FRP-CFST columns are proposed. The analytical calculated results agree well with the experimental results.

以水压试验分析纤维缠绕角度对GFRP管力学性能的影响

基于海洋环境中长期受压的钢筋混凝土桥梁墩柱易发生开裂和锈蚀的特点,工程中越来越多地应用纤维增强复合材料(FRP)对桥梁墩柱进行加固处理。实践表明FRP纤维缠绕角度的大小对其能起到的加固效果存在一定的差异。为更好地探究纤维缠绕角度与力学性能的关系,对45°、60°和80°三组不同缠绕角度的玻璃纤维复合材料(GFRP)圆管进行水压加载试验,通过收集应力-应变数据计算不同角度下GFRP圆管的环向弹性模量。结果表明:随着纤维缠绕角度的增大,GFRP管的环向弹性模量由8.85 GPa提高到38.16 GPa,对钢筋混凝土墩柱的加固效果更好。

内套GFRP管圆钢管混凝土组合柱的偏压力学性能分析

利用ABAQUS有限元软件建立了适用于内套GFRP管圆钢管混凝土组合柱的单向偏压模型,研究了影响该组合柱力学性能及失效模式的关键因素。结果表明:该组合柱的极限承载力随着偏心距的增大而降低,随着外置圆钢管和内套GFRP管壁厚的增加而提高。内套GFRP管壁厚对构件极限承载力的影响小于偏心距和外置圆钢管壁厚造成的影响。长径比对极限承载力的影响较小。基于影响系数法建立了适用于单向偏压构件的极限承载力计算方法,该计算方法可为相关工程提供参考。