EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH AND NONLINEAR FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS ON NEW TYPE JOINT BETWEEN COLUMN AND STEEL BEAM OF CONCRETE-FILLED RECTANGULAR STEEL TUBULAR

Experimental results of new type joints between the column and the. steel beam of concrete-filled rectangular steel tubular （CFRT） under reversed cyclic loads are presented. The earthquake resistant capacity of the joint is influenced by infilled concrete, stiffener length and relative dimensions of column and beam. It is found that the hysteresis curves obtained in the experiment are full and the joints have a good energy dissipation capacity. The nonlinear finite element models are also used to analyze the hysteresis behavior of the joints under reversed cyclic loads using ANSYS 8.0. The influences of the stiffener length and the infilled concrete are analyzed. Analytical results show that the stiffener length and the infilled concrete are critical for the joints. Furthermore, the skeleton curves of the finite element models are in good agreement with those of experiments.

Seismic Behavior of Diaphragm-Through Connections of Concrete-Filled Square Steel Tubular Columns and H-Shaped Steel Beams

Based on the introductions of a type of diaphragm-through connection between concrete-filled square steel tubular columns (CFSSTCs) and H-shaped steel beams,a finite element model of the connection is developed and used to investigate the seismic behavior of the connection.The results of the finite element model are validated by a set of cyclic loading tests.The cyclic loading tests and the finite element analyses indicate that the failure mode of the suggested connections is plastic hinge at the beam with inelastic rotation angle exceeding 0.04 rad.The suggested connections have sufficient strength,plastic deformation and energy dissipation capacity to be used in composite moment frames as beam-to-column rigid connections.

Behavior of concrete and concrete-filled circular steel tubular stub columns at constant high temperatures

Based on reanalyzing test results of uniaxial compressive behavior of concrete at constant high temperatures in China, with the compressive cube strength of concrete from 20 to 80 MPa, unified formulas for uniaxial compressive strength, elastic modulus, strain at peak uniaxial compression and mathematical expression for unaxial compressive stress-strain relations for the concrete at constant high temperatures were studied. Furthermore, the axial stress-axial strain relations between laterally confined concrete under axial compression and multiaxial stress-strain relations for steel at constant high temperatures were studied. Finally, based on continuum mechanics, the mechanics model for concentric cylinders of circular steel tube with concrete core of entire section loaded at constant high temperatures was established. Applying elasto-plastic analysis method, a FORTRAN program was developed, and the concrete-filled circular steel tubular （CFST） stub colunms at constant high temperatures were analyzed. The analysis results are in agreement with the experiment ones from references.

Influence of Axial Load Ratio on Shear Behavior of Through-Diaphragm Connections of Concrete-Filled Square Steel Tubular Columns

Nonlinear finite element analysis and parametric studies were carried out to study the influence of axial load ratio on the shear behavior of the through-diaphragm connections of concrete-filled square steel tubular columns. The analysis reveals that smaller axial load ratio can improve the shear bearing capacity and ductility while larger axial load ratio will decrease the shear behavior of the through-diaphragm connections. The parametric studies indicate that the axial load ratio should be limited to less than 0.4 and its influence should be considered in the analysis and design of such connections.

In-Plane Creep Buckling of Concrete-Filled Steel Tubular Arches

The creep-induced deformation of the arch rib of concrete-filled steel tubular （CFST） arches under a sustained load can increase the bending moment, which may lead to earlier stability failure called creep buckling. To investigate the influences of concrete creep on the buckling strength of arches, a theoretical analysis for the creep buckling of CFST circular arches under distributed radial load is performed. The simplified Arutyunyan-Maslov （AM） creep law is used to model the creep behavior of concrete core, and the creep integral operator is introduced. The analytical solutions of the time-dependent buckling strength under the sustained load are achieved and compared with the existing formula based on the age-adjusted effective modulus method （AEMM）. Then the solutions are used to determine the influences of the steel ratio and the first loading age on the creep buckling of CFST arches. The results show that the analytical solutions are of good accuracy and applicability. For CFST arches, the steel ratio and the first loading age have significant influences on creep buckling. An approximate log-linear relationship between the decreased degrees of the creep buckling strength and the first loading age is found. For the commonly used parameters, the maximum loss of the buckling strength induced bv concrete creen is close to 40%

Progressive Collapse Analysis of Concrete-Filled Steel Tubular Frames with Semi-rigid Connections

A 9-story concrete-filled steel tubular frame model is used to analyze the response of joints due to sudden column loss. Three different models are developed and compared to study the efficiency and feasibility of simulation, which include substructure model, beam element model and solid element model. The comparison results show that the substructure model has a satisfying capability, calculation efficiency and accuracy to predict the concerned joints as well as the overall framework. Based on the substructure model and a kind of semi-rigid connection for concretefilled square hollow section steel column proposed in this paper, the nonlinear dynamic analyses are conducted by the alternate path method. It is found that the removal of the ground inner column brings high-level joint moments and comparatively low-level axial tension forces. The initial stiffness and transmitted ultimate moment of the semi-rigid connection are the main factors that influence the frame behavior, and their lower limit should be guaranteed to resist collapse. Reduced ultimate moment results in drastic displacement and axial force development, which may bring progressive collapse. The higher initial stiffness ensures that the structure has a stronger capacity to resist progressive collapse.

Low cyclic fatigue performance of concrete-filled steel tube columns

Eight concrete-filled steel tubular(CFT) columns were tested subjected to cyclic loading under constant axial load. Experimental parameters included axial compression ratio, loading sequences, and strength of concrete and steel. The seismic performance of CFT columns and failure modes were analyzed. The test results show that different axial load ratios and loading sequences have effects on the load carrying capacity, ductility and energy dissipation capacity of CFT columns, as well as the failure modes of the CFT columns. The failure pattern can be categorized into two types: local buckling failure of steel tube in compression zone, and low cycle fatigue tearing rupture failure of steel tube. The seismic behavior was evaluated through the energy index obtained from each cycle.

Design equations for maximum stress concentration factors for concrete-filled steel tubular K-joints

Stress concentration factors(SCFs) for welded tubular joints can be decreased by filling the chord with concrete leading to a longer fatigue life. However, there are currently no design formula available in guidelines to predict the SCF of concrete-filled circular hollow section(CFCHS) K-joints, thus limiting their applicability in bridge design. To address this gap,finite element models for CFCHS K-joints were developed and compared against test results to ensure their accuracy. Then, a comprehensive parametric study was conducted to establish relationships between maximum SCFs and four variables: brace-to-chord diameter ratio(β), chord diameter-to-thickness ratio(2γ), brace-to-chord thickness ratio(τ), and the angle between braces and chord(θ). A total of 480 FE models were examined under three loading conditions including brace and chord loading: balanced axial force, chord axial force, and chord bending. Design equations to predict the maximum SCF for CFCHS Kjoints were established by multiple regression analyses of the numerical results. A comparison of maximum SCFs between circular hollow section(CHS) and CFCHS K-joints was made, and it was concluded that average reductions of 42% and 33% in maximum SCFs in CFCHS K-joints at the locations of the chord and brace were found compared to CHS joints for balanced axial force, respectively. Finally, a case study illustrating how to use the proposed equations for fatigue safety verification was presented.

Recent Construction Technology Innovations and Practices for Large-Span Arch Bridges in China

Arch bridges provide significant technical and economic benefits under suitable conditions.In particular,concrete-filled steel tubular(CFST)arch bridges and steel-reinforced concrete(SRC)arch bridges are two types of arch bridges that have gained great economic competitiveness and span growth potential due to advancements in construction technology,engineering materials,and construction equipment over the past 30 years.Under the leadership of the author,two record-breaking arch bridges—that is,the Pingnan Third Bridge(a CFST arch bridge),with a span of 560 m,and the Tian’e Longtan Bridge(an SRC arch bridge),with a span of 600 m—have been built in the past five years,embodying great technological breakthroughs in the construction of these two types of arch bridges.This paper takes these two arch bridges as examples to systematically summarize the latest technological innovations and practices in the construction of CFST arch bridges and SRC arch bridges in China.The technological innovations of CFST arch bridges include cable-stayed fastening-hanging cantilevered assembly methods,new in-tube concrete materials,in-tube concrete pouring techniques,a novel thrust abutment foundation for nonrocky terrain,and measures to reduce the quantity of temporary facilities.The technological innovations of SRC arch bridges involve arch skeleton stiffness selection,the development of encasing concrete materials,encasing concrete pouring,arch rib stress mitigation,and longitudinal reinforcement optimization.To conclude,future research focuses and development directions for these two types of arch bridges are proposed.

墩顶转体法施工的大跨度曲线钢桁梁桥总体设计及创新——以国道109新线高速公路安家庄特大桥主桥设计为例

国道109新线高速公路安家庄特大桥为全线的控制性工程,左右幅主桥分别位于半径1600 m和1500 m的圆曲线上,依次跨越丰沙铁路、永定河和现状109国道,桥梁施工安全、河道防洪和环保要求均较高。为解决上跨铁路需采用转体法施工以及桥墩阻水比偏高的问题,创新提出了大跨度曲线钢桁梁桥墩顶转体法施工以及大直径厚壁钢管混凝土桥墩的设计方案,左右幅主桥分别采用(248.95+248.95)m钢桁斜拉桥和(171.95+171+75.25)m连续钢桁梁,转体长度分别为(248+248)m和(171+171)m,水中墩采用钢管混凝土桥墩。结合桥位处相关工程建设条件,对桥梁孔跨布置、桥式方案、水中墩结构的选择依据进行分析,简要介绍主桥上部结构、下部结构及基础、转体系统等主要设计内容。该桥突破钢桁梁不宜采用墩顶转体施工的技术瓶颈,扩大了连续钢桁梁桥和墩顶转体技术的使用范围;采用大直径厚壁钢管混凝土桥墩,有效降低了墩柱截面尺寸,拓宽了钢管混凝土结构的应用范围;大跨度曲线钢桁梁构造及受力特性较为复杂,采用BIM正向设计技术,实现了复杂结构信息和设计意图的精准表达,提高了设计效率。

高地震烈度深山区某钢管混凝土格构超高桥墩的施工控制

为了阐述自爬式多功能提升系统施工方法在超高桥墩的应用,本文以某特大桥钢管混凝土格构空心墩施工工程为例,从C80自密实补偿收缩混凝土制备、高抛试验、钢管格构柱施工、自爬式多功能提升系统施工、管内C80混凝土施工及长悬臂爬模施工等关键环节论述控制要点。最终实践证明:自爬式多功能提升系统的施工方法在超高桥墩应用是成功的。本文结果可为类似钢管混凝土格构空心墩施工提供一定的借鉴及参考。

竖向偏心部分填充混凝土圆形钢桥墩的抗震性能

目的探析竖向偏心受压部分填充混凝土圆形钢桥墩柱在横桥方向往复荷载作用下的抗震性能.方法以城市高架桥倒L型桥墩为研究对象,利用有限元分析软件ABAQUS建立了该类钢桥墩的有限元分析简化模型,根据计算得出的力与位移(H-δ)滞回曲线结果,对其在竖向偏心荷载及横桥方向往复荷载作用下的柱两侧水平承载力及无偏心和偏心桥墩柱之间的承载力关系进行了研究.钢桥墩柱的长细比参数取0.2、0.3和0.4,钢管部分截面径厚比参数取0.07、0.08和0.09,竖向荷载的偏心率e则取0、0.1、0.15和0.2.结果部分填充混凝土钢桥墩在偏心一侧的水平承载力降低,相反在另一侧的水平承载力则得到增强,呈明显的不对称性,且随着偏心率的增加,抗震性能降低.拟合得出一个关于无偏心受压钢桥墩柱与偏心受压钢桥墩柱之间H-δ滞回曲线关系的经验公式.结论经验公式计算得出的骨架曲线和滞回曲线与有限元分析直接得到的骨架曲线和滞回曲线结果无论在弹性阶段还是在塑性阶段吻合性均较好,经验公式的有效性得到验证,该公式将为偏心受压部分填充混凝土圆形钢桥墩横桥方向的抗震性能设计提供理论依据.

基于延性性能圆形钢桥墩內填混凝土补强填充高度的简易计算方法

目的探明圆形钢桥墩内填混凝土补强填充高度的计算方法及长细比和钢管径厚比参数对圆形截面钢桥墩承载力、延性等抗震性能的影响.方法在确定有限元分析与试验结果吻合的基础上,采用ABAQUS有限元软件对9组60个不同填充混凝土桥墩模型进行非线性数值模拟分析.结果与空钢管桥墩柱相比,部分填充混凝土圆形钢桥墩具有良好的抗震性能.随着混凝土填充率的增加,该类桥墩的延性和承载力均有所提高,超过最适填充率后,持续增加混凝土填充率,模型的承载力提高但延性下降.结论拟合出的混凝土填充率、承载力及延性与长细比和径厚比的关系公式为圆形钢桥墩内填混凝土补强填充高度的设计提供了依据.

铸钢节点在轻型桥梁结构中的应用研究

铸钢节点以其拓扑形状适应性强、受力性能好、施工方便等特点,适用于轻型管状结构桥梁。轻型桥梁中的铸钢节点按其连接作用类型可分为:铸钢交汇节点、铸钢支点以及钢-混结合面的铸钢齿状节点等。结合铸钢节点在轻型桥梁结构中的应用优势,介绍其在桥梁中的应用情况,并探讨桥梁铸钢节点需要进一步研究的问题。

港珠澳大桥设计理念及桥梁创新技术

介绍了港珠澳大桥的工程概况、建设目标和总体设计方案,重点阐述了以"大型化、工厂化、标准化、装配化"的设计理念和总体原则指导下,设计采用的新材料、新技术、新工艺、新设备。创新技术的应用,为提高工程品质、确保设计使用寿命提供了坚实基础和有利保障。

钢管混凝土组合高墩连续刚构桥体系可靠指标计算方法

钢管混凝土组合高墩连续刚构桥体系可靠度计算存在钢管混凝土组合高墩受力分析复杂,连续刚构桥梁失效模式较多,其功能函数不存在显式等问题。采用MIDAS有限元软件对结构进行较准确的模拟和受力分析,然后根据分析结果选取最高墩的稳定性失效和关键截面的拉、压应力失效模式。在MATLAB语言的平台上利用二次序列响应面法将隐式功能函数显式地表达出来,再经过多次的迭代计算实现钢管混凝土组合高墩连续刚构体系可靠指标的计算。研究表明,该方法迭代次数少,效率较高,可实现同类桥梁功能函数重构和体系可靠度计算。

钢管混凝土刚架系杆拱桥的合理形式

通过钢管混凝土刚架系杆拱桥受力性能的研究,为实践工程提供有利指导。主要从以下几个方面进行研究:考察钢管混凝土刚架系杆拱桥结构的受力性能,分析其在恒载、活载作用下的结构内力分布;对钢管混凝土刚架系杆拱桥结构参数,即,拱轴线、系杆力、拱墩刚度比等进行了分析,考察它们对结构内力的影响规律,具有较强的运用价值。

部分充填钢管混凝土独柱墩的最小混凝土充填率

钢管混凝土独柱墩具有占地面积小、承载能力高和结构耗能能力强等优点,在我国城市高架桥中得以广泛应用,但在高烈度区的应用还缺少相应的抗震设计指导。结合圆形钢管混凝土桥墩充填率的研究现状,根据《城市桥梁抗震设计规范》中提出的2种不同的抗震设计思想(减隔震设计和延性抗震设计),提出了最小混凝土充填率这个抗震设计指标,通过理论分析和实体有限元数值模拟给出相应的实用计算公式并进行验证,为促进部分充填圆形钢管混凝土桥墩在我国高烈度区的应用提供抗震设计参考。

地震作用下钢管混凝土组合桁梁-格构墩轻型桥梁行车安全性分析

为研究地震作用下钢管混凝土组合桁梁-格构墩轻型桥梁的行车安全性,以干海子特大桥为研究对象,建立考虑地震作用的车桥耦合振动方程,并将计算方法添加到基于梁单元的双重非线性有限元程序NL_Beam3D中,实现地震作用下车桥系统相互作用的耦合计算。考虑车辆倾覆指标和桥梁横向变形的影响,进行行车安全性分析。结果表明:有限元计算得到的基频和不同车速下最大动挠度与实桥荷载试验得到的结果接近;与已有振动台试验结果相比,位移时程曲线形状吻合,位移幅值满足相似比关系,验证了计算模型和方法的有效性。柔性高墩轻型桥梁对地震波有滤波效应,地震波传至桥梁时强度明显减弱;最不利的重型货车的倾覆指标阈值大于E1多遇地震时的桥面最大横向加速度,即不存在车辆侧倾现象;墩顶位移满足设计要求,干海子特大桥行车安全性能良好。部分墩顶横向位移在地面峰值加速度达到1. 6倍E1多遇地震动时,将超过《公路钢管混凝土桥梁设计与施工指南》给出的限值。桥面最大加速度在地面峰值加速度为2倍E1多遇地震动时,倾覆指标阈值小于桥面最大横向加速度,重型货车存在倾覆可能;对应的桥墩墩顶最大横向位移与墩高比例系数达1/198,大于指南限值1/300,说明该指南对桥墩墩顶位移限值规定相对比较保守。

自复位部分填充钢管混凝土桥墩力学性能研究

为分析具有自复位功能的部分填充钢管混凝土桥墩在水平往复荷载下的力学性能,针对该类型桥墩进行了理论研究,并以桥墩钢管壁厚、预应力比和钢绞线张拉度为设计参数建立有限元模型,在恒定轴力与水平往复荷载作用下开展了弹塑性分析。结果表明:桥墩壁厚和预应力比影响桥墩的水平承载力,适当降低张拉度可提高桥墩结构的安全富裕度。因此,在工程实践中可通过合理地选取桥墩壁厚、预应力比和张拉度,以达到承载力和抗震性能的最优组合,该理论分析方法可为工程实践提供参考。