EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH AND NONLINEAR FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS ON NEW TYPE JOINT BETWEEN COLUMN AND STEEL BEAM OF CONCRETE-FILLED RECTANGULAR STEEL TUBULAR

Experimental results of new type joints between the column and the. steel beam of concrete-filled rectangular steel tubular （CFRT） under reversed cyclic loads are presented. The earthquake resistant capacity of the joint is influenced by infilled concrete, stiffener length and relative dimensions of column and beam. It is found that the hysteresis curves obtained in the experiment are full and the joints have a good energy dissipation capacity. The nonlinear finite element models are also used to analyze the hysteresis behavior of the joints under reversed cyclic loads using ANSYS 8.0. The influences of the stiffener length and the infilled concrete are analyzed. Analytical results show that the stiffener length and the infilled concrete are critical for the joints. Furthermore, the skeleton curves of the finite element models are in good agreement with those of experiments.

Seismic Behavior of Diaphragm-Through Connections of Concrete-Filled Square Steel Tubular Columns and H-Shaped Steel Beams

Based on the introductions of a type of diaphragm-through connection between concrete-filled square steel tubular columns (CFSSTCs) and H-shaped steel beams,a finite element model of the connection is developed and used to investigate the seismic behavior of the connection.The results of the finite element model are validated by a set of cyclic loading tests.The cyclic loading tests and the finite element analyses indicate that the failure mode of the suggested connections is plastic hinge at the beam with inelastic rotation angle exceeding 0.04 rad.The suggested connections have sufficient strength,plastic deformation and energy dissipation capacity to be used in composite moment frames as beam-to-column rigid connections.

Behavior of concrete and concrete-filled circular steel tubular stub columns at constant high temperatures

Based on reanalyzing test results of uniaxial compressive behavior of concrete at constant high temperatures in China, with the compressive cube strength of concrete from 20 to 80 MPa, unified formulas for uniaxial compressive strength, elastic modulus, strain at peak uniaxial compression and mathematical expression for unaxial compressive stress-strain relations for the concrete at constant high temperatures were studied. Furthermore, the axial stress-axial strain relations between laterally confined concrete under axial compression and multiaxial stress-strain relations for steel at constant high temperatures were studied. Finally, based on continuum mechanics, the mechanics model for concentric cylinders of circular steel tube with concrete core of entire section loaded at constant high temperatures was established. Applying elasto-plastic analysis method, a FORTRAN program was developed, and the concrete-filled circular steel tubular （CFST） stub colunms at constant high temperatures were analyzed. The analysis results are in agreement with the experiment ones from references.

Influence of Axial Load Ratio on Shear Behavior of Through-Diaphragm Connections of Concrete-Filled Square Steel Tubular Columns

Nonlinear finite element analysis and parametric studies were carried out to study the influence of axial load ratio on the shear behavior of the through-diaphragm connections of concrete-filled square steel tubular columns. The analysis reveals that smaller axial load ratio can improve the shear bearing capacity and ductility while larger axial load ratio will decrease the shear behavior of the through-diaphragm connections. The parametric studies indicate that the axial load ratio should be limited to less than 0.4 and its influence should be considered in the analysis and design of such connections.

In-Plane Creep Buckling of Concrete-Filled Steel Tubular Arches

The creep-induced deformation of the arch rib of concrete-filled steel tubular （CFST） arches under a sustained load can increase the bending moment, which may lead to earlier stability failure called creep buckling. To investigate the influences of concrete creep on the buckling strength of arches, a theoretical analysis for the creep buckling of CFST circular arches under distributed radial load is performed. The simplified Arutyunyan-Maslov （AM） creep law is used to model the creep behavior of concrete core, and the creep integral operator is introduced. The analytical solutions of the time-dependent buckling strength under the sustained load are achieved and compared with the existing formula based on the age-adjusted effective modulus method （AEMM）. Then the solutions are used to determine the influences of the steel ratio and the first loading age on the creep buckling of CFST arches. The results show that the analytical solutions are of good accuracy and applicability. For CFST arches, the steel ratio and the first loading age have significant influences on creep buckling. An approximate log-linear relationship between the decreased degrees of the creep buckling strength and the first loading age is found. For the commonly used parameters, the maximum loss of the buckling strength induced bv concrete creen is close to 40%

Progressive Collapse Analysis of Concrete-Filled Steel Tubular Frames with Semi-rigid Connections

A 9-story concrete-filled steel tubular frame model is used to analyze the response of joints due to sudden column loss. Three different models are developed and compared to study the efficiency and feasibility of simulation, which include substructure model, beam element model and solid element model. The comparison results show that the substructure model has a satisfying capability, calculation efficiency and accuracy to predict the concerned joints as well as the overall framework. Based on the substructure model and a kind of semi-rigid connection for concretefilled square hollow section steel column proposed in this paper, the nonlinear dynamic analyses are conducted by the alternate path method. It is found that the removal of the ground inner column brings high-level joint moments and comparatively low-level axial tension forces. The initial stiffness and transmitted ultimate moment of the semi-rigid connection are the main factors that influence the frame behavior, and their lower limit should be guaranteed to resist collapse. Reduced ultimate moment results in drastic displacement and axial force development, which may bring progressive collapse. The higher initial stiffness ensures that the structure has a stronger capacity to resist progressive collapse.

Low cyclic fatigue performance of concrete-filled steel tube columns

Eight concrete-filled steel tubular(CFT) columns were tested subjected to cyclic loading under constant axial load. Experimental parameters included axial compression ratio, loading sequences, and strength of concrete and steel. The seismic performance of CFT columns and failure modes were analyzed. The test results show that different axial load ratios and loading sequences have effects on the load carrying capacity, ductility and energy dissipation capacity of CFT columns, as well as the failure modes of the CFT columns. The failure pattern can be categorized into two types: local buckling failure of steel tube in compression zone, and low cycle fatigue tearing rupture failure of steel tube. The seismic behavior was evaluated through the energy index obtained from each cycle.

Design equations for maximum stress concentration factors for concrete-filled steel tubular K-joints

Stress concentration factors(SCFs) for welded tubular joints can be decreased by filling the chord with concrete leading to a longer fatigue life. However, there are currently no design formula available in guidelines to predict the SCF of concrete-filled circular hollow section(CFCHS) K-joints, thus limiting their applicability in bridge design. To address this gap,finite element models for CFCHS K-joints were developed and compared against test results to ensure their accuracy. Then, a comprehensive parametric study was conducted to establish relationships between maximum SCFs and four variables: brace-to-chord diameter ratio(β), chord diameter-to-thickness ratio(2γ), brace-to-chord thickness ratio(τ), and the angle between braces and chord(θ). A total of 480 FE models were examined under three loading conditions including brace and chord loading: balanced axial force, chord axial force, and chord bending. Design equations to predict the maximum SCF for CFCHS Kjoints were established by multiple regression analyses of the numerical results. A comparison of maximum SCFs between circular hollow section(CHS) and CFCHS K-joints was made, and it was concluded that average reductions of 42% and 33% in maximum SCFs in CFCHS K-joints at the locations of the chord and brace were found compared to CHS joints for balanced axial force, respectively. Finally, a case study illustrating how to use the proposed equations for fatigue safety verification was presented.

钢管混凝土立柱桩一次浇筑成形技术研究

为解决基坑支护中内支撑立柱垂直度控制及钢管内外混凝土浇筑标高控制的问题,结合工程实际,设计了可周转的工具式套架平台以及防止钢管立柱下口混凝土回流的防回流环,并在工程中进行了实践。总结形成了钢管立柱桩一次浇筑成形施工技术,解决了在深空孔立柱桩的钢管立柱垂直度控制难题及浇筑过程中钢管立柱下口混凝土回流的难题,提高了施工成形质量,增加了桩撑结构的安全系数,可为类似工程提供借鉴。

某拖轮码头高桩结构的设计优化

某拖轮码头为高桩梁板式结构,上部结构由预制桩帽、预制横梁、预制面板、预制靠船面板及现浇面板组成,结构复杂,施工困难,浇注质量难以保证,码头结构存在优化的可能性和必要性。通过对设计荷载、桩基结构进行优化,在维持原码头功能要求的前提下,降低桩基内力,重新设计钢管桩壁厚,节省钢管桩钢材用量;将上部结构更改为现浇结构,提高了施工效率和混凝土浇筑质量,节省钢筋用量。该设计优化可供类似项目借鉴。

高承台钢管桩受压稳定性的试验研究和数值分析

利用微型钢管桩进行基础托换是既有建筑物地下增层改造的有效方法。钢管桩的下端插入到混凝土桩头内,上端与托换承台相连,桩四周的土方开挖后稳定性降低,其受压极限承载力无法按现行规范求出。分别用1:2模型试验和非线性屈曲数值分析的方法得到了钢管桩顶部受压的应力分布和极限承载力,并进一步确定出其计算长度系数和受压稳定性系数。用模型试验求得钢管桩受压稳定性的计算长度系数为0.616,数值分析的结果为0.683,此时钢管处于底端固定、顶端铰接的约束状态。用数值分析得到的钢管桩受压极限承载力偏安全,可为工程设计提供参考。

钢管混凝土结构在桩基工程中的应用探讨

从钢管混凝土的优越性能出发,分析了钢管混凝土在桩基工程具有广泛应用的原因,并提出了钢管混凝土在桩基工程中应用时应注意的原则,同时举出了多项钢管混凝土桩基的工程实例。

济南商埠区历史建筑地下增层工程设计与施工

利用微型钢管桩托换支撑既有建筑,下方开挖土方施工地下室是一种既有建筑地下增层的有效方法。但随着钢管四周土方的开挖,钢管稳定性会降低。文章对位于济南商埠区的济南某医院地下增层工程进行了设计,并对钢管稳定性的保证措施进行了研究。结果表明:每向下开挖一定深度需在钢管间设置拉结支撑杆件,钢管两侧挖土的高差应控制在1.5 m之内,以减少钢管承担的土压力;钢管桩插入钻孔后,需要在孔壁与钢管间高压注浆,形成对钢管的约束和嵌固;钢管的计算长度系数应根据桩顶的约束情况、桩身露出地面的自由长度、桩的入土长度、桩侧和桩底的土质等条件综合确定;钢管受压稳定性系数为0.814,压应力为46.4 N/mm2,远小于强度设计值215 N/mm2。

海文跨海大桥设计关键技术

海文跨海大桥是中国首座跨越地震活动断层的跨海桥梁,主桥为独塔半飘浮体系斜拉桥,跨径布置为(230+230)m,跨断裂带引桥为57~60 m不等跨径的简支钢箱梁。针对项目强震、强风、强腐蚀等复杂建设条件,该桥主梁采用自重轻、抗风性能优、疲劳耐久的STC轻型组合扁平钢箱梁结构;桥塔采用承台无系梁的横向“人”字形塔、环向预应力锚固系统;通过与沉井方案比选,提出桥塔基础采用超大直径4.3 m的钢管复合桩,以解决强震作用下基础的受力与微风化花岗岩地质施工的难题;采用提出的钢-STC钢箱梁简支桥面连续构造、三维可调节的钢垫石支撑技术方案,以解决跨断裂带钢箱梁日常行车舒适性与强震下桥梁易修复的难题。开展钢箱梁简支桥面连续构造理论及荷载足尺模型试验、1∶20主桥振动台模型试验、抗风模型风洞试验等相关研究,验证了结构的可靠性及适应性。

武汉青山长江公路大桥主桥施工方案

武汉青山长江公路大桥主桥为主跨938 m的双塔双索面全飘浮体系斜拉桥,主墩采用钻孔灌注桩基础、哑铃形承台,桥塔采用A形混凝土结构,主跨主梁采用整体式钢箱梁、边跨主梁采用钢-混凝土结合梁。针对该桥结构特点及水文、地质条件,南主墩钻孔桩采用“吹填筑岛+旋挖钻机”方案施工、承台采用锁口钢管桩围堰方案施工;北主墩基础采用双壁钢套箱围堰平台一体法施工;塔柱采用液压爬模分节施工,在两塔肢间设13道临时横撑,并采用新型超高压地泵和特制超高压泵管一次将混凝土泵送到位;边跨结合梁采用先顶推架设钢槽梁,再安装预制混凝土桥面板,最后浇筑湿接缝的方案施工;主跨钢梁采用500 t架梁吊机悬臂架设方案施工;主跨合龙段采用顶推辅助合龙方案施工。

港珠澳大桥设计理念及桥梁创新技术

介绍了港珠澳大桥的工程概况、建设目标和总体设计方案,重点阐述了以"大型化、工厂化、标准化、装配化"的设计理念和总体原则指导下,设计采用的新材料、新技术、新工艺、新设备。创新技术的应用,为提高工程品质、确保设计使用寿命提供了坚实基础和有利保障。

钢管埋深对钢管混凝土复合桩竖向承载特性的影响

作为水域中桩基础施工的围堰结构,钢护筒的应用愈加广泛,钢护筒因为施工或者拆除困难等原因有时不再回收,从而与钢筋混凝土材料一起形成钢管混凝土复合桩。为探明钢管埋深对钢管混凝土复合桩竖向承载特性的影响,通过离心模型试验,着重研究钢管埋深对钢管混凝土复合桩桩侧摩阻力、桩端阻力等因素的影响。结果表明:钢管混凝土复合桩的上部钢管段(钢护筒)合理埋深为桩长的1/3,当钢管段埋深小于1/3桩长时,钢管混凝土复合桩的桩侧摩阻力会出现双峰现象,当钢管段埋深大于1/3桩长时,钢管混凝土复合桩的桩侧摩阻力双峰现象将逐渐消失;根据钢管混凝土复合桩的竖向承载特性,提出适用于钢管混凝土复合桩的竖向极限承载力计算公式,以期为钢管混凝土复合桩的设计与施工提供理论指导。

冲击荷载下钢管混凝土桩林动力性能试验研究

为有效地抵抗泥石流大块石冲击,提出了一种钢管混凝土桩林拦挡坝。为了研究该结构在冲击荷载作用下的动力性能,对其进行了考虑多工况的冲击荷载作用的试验研究。通过分析结构的应变、位移和加速度,总结了结构的响应模式,并与数值模拟进行对比。结果表明,结构的典型响应模式可以概括为以下几种:构件轻微损伤、构件局部破坏、连接节点破坏;随着冲击能量和冲击高度的增加,结构的应变和位移均增大;结构的加速度随冲击高度的增加而增大,而随冲击物质量的增加而减小;整个冲击过程从冲击区响应至整体结构响应耗时很短,约为0.6ms;桩管受冲击时结构能发挥良好的整体耗能作用,而撑管受冲击时整体结构耗能作用不明显;试验结果与数值模拟吻合较好;钢管混凝土桩林具有良好的抗冲击性能。

钢管桩与上部结构剪力键连接的破坏模式及设计方法

钢管桩与上部结构剪力键连接的设计方法,国内外相关规范尚无明确的规定,也没有完整的计算理论。基于现有研究,探讨钢管桩与上部结构剪力键连接的破坏模式,分析破坏机理;阐述钢管桩与上部结构剪力键连接的设计理论、设计方法,为完善剪力键连接的设计方法提供依据。

考虑剪力环、泥皮和防腐涂层作用的钢管复合桩工作性能模型试验研究

依托港珠澳大桥建设,通过5组不同组合的钢管复合桩模型试验,其中2组试件设有剪力环,开展了内置剪力环、泥皮和防腐涂层对钢管复合桩工作性能影响的研究,比较和分析试件的荷载-变形曲线、截面变形规律、钢管与剪力环变形等。试验结果表明,剪力环、泥皮和防腐涂层对钢管复合桩的工作性能具有一定的影响;泥皮和防腐涂层使钢管复合桩的黏结强度降低,而剪力环加强了钢管与核心混凝土的联结,钢管的受力及变形显著增加。在泥皮、防腐涂层和剪力环共同作用下,桩截面变形呈"倒v"或"m"型,不再满足经典力学的平截面变形假定。在泥皮、防腐涂层和剪力环间距S≤2D(D为桩径)的条件下,剪力环的嵌固作用可以完全克服泥皮和防腐涂层的不利影响。在试验结果研究的基础上,进一步探讨泥皮、防腐涂层和剪力环不同组合下钢管复合桩的刚度计算问题,并给出了在弹性阶段范围内钢管复合桩刚度计算公式,泥皮(厚度0.1 mm)和防腐涂层使其刚度降低,剪力环则使其增加。其研究结果可为钢管复合桩基工程设计提供重要的参考。