Heat Transfer Characteristics of Dropwise Condensation of Steam on Vertical Polymer Coated Plates

The plasma polymerization method and dynamic ion-beam mixed implantation method were employed to coat ultra-thin polymer films on copper plates. Experiments indicated that steady dropwise condensation of steam at atmospheric pressure occurred. The condensation heat transfer coefficients increased by approximately 3 and 5－7 times for the polytrimethylvinylsilane film and polytetrafluoroethylene film respectively, compared with the value for film condensation under the same experimental conditions. The temperatures on the condensing surface and inside the test block were found to be rapidly and randomly fluctuated. The properties of the coated films and advantages of the methods used in this investigation were discussed briefly.

Condensation heat transfer enhancement mechanism for vertical upflows by the phase separation concept at small gravity

In the field of aerospace, minimum and seal of equipments cause the increase in the thermal loading sharply. Due to the lack of driving force, the performance of conventional condenser deteriorates greatly under the small gravity environment, which leads to reduction in the service life of equipments. In this study, a passive condenser, developed on basis of the phase separation concept,is utilized to improve the performance of the condensation heat transfer under the small gravity environment. As a result of the limitation of experiments, the mechanisms of heat transfer enhancement of the phase separation condenser tube are revealed through numerical simulation based on the volume-of-fluid(VOF) method. The following conclusions could be obtained:(1) A novel phase distribution of ‘‘gas near the tube wall and liquid in the tube core'' is formed. The thin liquid film is indeed created after the flow pattern modulation by inserting mesh cylinder.(2)The condensation quantity for single bubble in the annular region increases about 16 times greater than that in the bare tube region in the case of Jl= 0.0574 m/s and Jg= 0.0229 m/s.(3) Gas volume fraction affects the parameters of liquid film thickness, bubble length and liquid bridge length. The increase in the gas volume fraction results in the decrease in the evaluation index from21.56 to 12.82. The evaluation index is defined as the ratio of the condensation quantities per unit tube length of the annular region and the bare tube region.

CONDENSATION HEAT TRANSFER OF R-134a IN A HELICAL PIPE

Alternative refrigerant R-134a is considered to be ozone-friendly and apotential candidate for replacing the refrigerant R-12 in refrigeration and air-conditioningapplications. This paper presents an experimental investigation on condensation heat transfer of thealternative refrigerant R-134a flowing inside a helicoidal pipe with the cooling water flowingthrough the annular helicoidal passage in a counter-flow direction. The heat transfer experimentswere performed for R-134a mass flow flux ranging from 100 to 420 kg/m^2 s with the superheat of theinlet vapor of 2. 8℃ and 8.3℃, respectively. The average Nusselt numbers were experimentallydetermined for a helicoidal pipe with the helix axis of vertical direction. In addition, theobtained experimental results were compared with the results for R-134a condensation in straight andhelicoidal pipes available in the open literature.

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF CONDENSATION HEAT TRANSFER CHA- RACTERISTICS OF HORIZONTAL TUBE BUNDLES IN VACUUM STATES

TO develop an excellent heat transfer element under the vacuum condition, experiments about the heat transfer performance of horizontal tube bundles of different materials under various vacuum conditions were carried out, including the stainless steel tube, the brass tube, the Ni-based implanted steel tube and the ion implanted brass tube. The relative trends show that the condensation heat transfer coefficient and the overall heat transfer coefficient of bundles of four materials all increase with the vacuum degree, especially, those of the Ni-based implanted steel tube and the ion implanted brass tube. Under a high vacuum condition （0.07 MPa）, the condensation heat transfer coefficient of the Ni-based implanted steel tube bundle is about 1.4 times of that of the stainless steel tube bundle, the condensation heat transfer coefficient of the ion implanted brass tube bundle is found to be about 1.3 times of that of the common brass tube bundle. Therefore, according to the condensation heat transfer characteristics studied under high vacuum conditions, it is believed that a dropwise condensation is partly achieved on the surface of these two implanted tube bundles, and the ion implantation is shown to be an effective method to achieve the dropwise condensation. Based on this study, it is believed that the Ni-based steel tube may replace the brass tube, which is more expensive as a heat transfer component.

Experimental Study on Condensation Heat Transfer Characteristics inside an Inclined Wave-Finned Flat Tube of Direct Air-Cooling System

In this paper,the condensation heat transfer characteristics of parallel flow and counter flow inside an inclined wave-finned flat tube is investigated experimentally.The condensation heat transfer coefficients are analyzed based on the experimental results.Results of experiments show that condensation heat transfer coefficient decreases as the temperature difference Δt=ts-tw increases and mass flow rate decreases.The parallel flow has a similar development with the counter flow,and the condensation heat transfer coefficient of counter flow is less than that of parallel flow under the same air cooling conditions.In addition,condensation heat transfer coefficient correlations are also obtained under experimental ranges.The calculations agree well with the measured data and the agreement is seen to be within ±4% for the parallel flow and ±5% for the counter flow.

Study on the Influence of Structural Parameters of Multi-channel Cylinder Dryer on Heat Transfer Performance

An approach to design multi-channel cylinder dryer was proposed. The heat transfer performance and flow characteristic under various structural parameters were analyzed. First, an experiment was designed and set up to measure the condensing heat transfer coefficient and the pressure drop in order to ,~erify the applicability of the Cavallini＇s correlation. Then, the relationship among the count of channels, aspect ratio, spacing ratio, width, height and hydraulic diameter of a channel was given. Finally, the correlation of condensing heat transfer and the homogeneous model was introduced in order to observe the heat transfer performance and flow characteristic of the multi-channel cylinder dryer affected by different structures. The study reveals that the structural parameters including count of channels, aspect ratio, spacing ratio of a channel dramatically influence the condensation heat transfer coefficient and frictional resistance of the steam. Based on the selected paper machine, it is suggested that the overall performance of the multi-channel cylinder dryer is best if the count of channels is 150-200, the aspect ratio is 1 ： 3 and the spacing ratio is 1 ： 1-1 ： 3.

Review of the LNG intermediate fluid vaporizer and its heat transfer characteristics

The intermediate fluid vaporizer (IFV), different from other liquefied natural gas (LNG) vaporizers, has many advantages and has shown a great potential for future applications. In this present paper, studies of IFV and its heat transfer characteristics in the LNG vaporization unit E2 are systematically reviewed. The research methods involved include theoretical analysis, experimental investigation, numerical simulation, and process simulation. First, relevant studies on the overall calculation and system design of IFV are summarized, including the structural innovation design, the thermal calculation model, and the selection of different intermediate fluids. Moreover, studies on the fluid flow and heat transfer behaviors of the supercritical LNG inside the tubes and the condensation heat transfer of the intermediate fluid outside the tubes are summarized. In the thermal calculations of the IFV, the selections of the existing heat transfer correlations about the intermediate fluids are inconsistent in different studies, and there lacks the accuracy evaluation of those correlations or comparison with experimental data. Furthermore, corresponding experiments or numerical simulations on the cryogenic condensation heat transfer outside the tubes in the IFV need to be further improved, compared to those in the refrigeration and air-conditioning temperature range. Therefore, suggestions for further studies of IFV are provided as well.

Thermal Management Controller for Heat Source Temperature Control and Thermal Management

In many heat recovery processes,temperature control of heat source is often required to ensure safety and high efficiency of the heat source equipment.In addition,the management of recovered heat is important for the proper use of waste heat.To this aim,the concept of thermal management controller(TMC),which can vary heat transfer rate via the volume variation of non-condensable gas,was presented.Theoretical model and experimental prototype were established.Investigation shows that the prototype is effective in temperature control With water as the working fluid,the vapor temperature variation is only 1.3℃when the heating power varies from 2.5 to 10.0 kW.In variable working conditions,this TMC can automatically adjust thermal allocation to the heat consumer.