Fractional Noether theorem and fractional Lagrange equation of multi-scale mechano-electrophysiological coupling model of neuron membrane

Noether theorem is applied to a variable order fractional multiscale mechano-electrophysiological model of neuron membrane dynamics.The variable orders fractional Lagrange equation of a multiscale mechano-electrophysiological model of neuron membrane dynamics is given.The variable orders fractional Noether symmetry criterion and Noether conserved quantities are given.The forms of variable orders fractional Noether conserved quantities corresponding to Noether symmetry generators solutions of the model under different conditions are discussed in detail,and it is found that the expressions of variable orders fractional Noether conserved quantities are closely dependent on the external nonconservative forces and material parameters of the neuron.

Influence of K + on the Coupling Between ATP Hydrolysis and Proton Transport by the Plasma Membrane H +_ATPase from Soybean Hypocotyls

The plasma membrane vesicles were purified from soybean (Glycine max L.) hypocotyls by two_phase partitioning methods. The stimulatory effects of K + on the coupling between ATP hydrolysis and proton transport by the plasma membrane H +_ATPase were studied. The results showed that the proton transport activity was increased by 850% in the presence of 100 mmol/L KCl, while ATP hydrolytic activity was only increased by 28.2%. Kinetic studies showed that K m of ATP hydrolysis decreased from 1.14 to 0.7 mmol/L, while V max of ATP hydrolysis increased from 285.7 to 344.8 nmol Pi·mg -1 protein·min -1 in the presence of KCl. Experiments showed that the optimum pH was 6.5 and 6.0 in the presence and absence of KCl, respectively. Further studies revealed that K + could promote the inhibitory effects of hydroxylamines and vanadates on the ATP hydrolytic activity. The above results suggested that K + could regulate the coupling between ATP hydrolysis and proton transport of the plasma membrane H +_ATPase through modulating the structure and function of the kinase and phosphatase domains of the plasma membrane H +_ATPase.

Textured Asymmetric Membrane Electrode Assemblies of Piezoelectric Phosphorene and Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)MXene Heterostructures for Enhanced Electrochemical Stability and Kinetics in LIBs

Black phosphorus with a superior theoretical capacity(2596 mAh g^(-1))and high conductivity is regarded as one of the powerful candidates for lithium-ion battery(LIB)anode materials,whereas the severe volume expansion and sluggish kinetics still impede its applications in LIBs.By contrast,the exfoliated two-dimensional phosphorene owns negligible volume variation,and its intrinsic piezoelectricity is considered to be beneficial to the Li-ion transfer kinetics,while its positive influence has not been discussed yet.Herein,a phosphorene/MXene heterostructure-textured nanopiezocomposite is proposed with even phosphorene distribution and enhanced piezo-electrochemical coupling as an applicable free-standing asymmetric membrane electrode beyond the skin effect for enhanced Li-ion storage.The experimental and simulation analysis reveals that the embedded phosphorene nanosheets not only provide abundant active sites for Li-ions,but also endow the nanocomposite with favorable piezoelectricity,thus promoting the Li-ion transfer kinetics by generating the piezoelectric field serving as an extra accelerator.By waltzing with the MXene framework,the optimized electrode exhibits enhanced kinetics and stability,achieving stable cycling performances for 1,000 cycles at 2 A g^(-1),and delivering a high reversible capacity of 524 m Ah g^(-1)at-20℃,indicating the positive influence of the structural merits of self-assembled nanopiezocomposites on promoting stability and kinetics.

Analytical evaluation of steady-state solute distribution in through- diffusion and membrane behavior test under non-perfectly flushing boundary conditions

The through-diffusion and membrane behavior testing procedure using a closed-system apparatus has been widely used for concurrent measurement of diffusion and membrane efficiency coefficients of low-permeability clay-based barrier materials.However,the common assumption of perfectly flushing conditions at the specimen boundaries could induce errors in analyses of the diffusion coefficients and membrane efficiencies.In this study,an innovative pseudo three-dimensional(3D)analytical method was proposed to evaluate solute distribution along the boundary surfaces of the soil-porous disks system,considering the non-perfectly flushing conditions.The results were consistent with numerical models under two scenarios considering different inflow/outflow positions.The proposed model has been demonstrated to be an accurate and reliable method to estimate solute distributions along the bound-aries.The calculated membrane efficiency coefficient and diffusion coefficient based on the proposed analytical method are more accurate,resulting in up to 50%less relative error than the traditional approach that adopts the arithmetic mean value of the influent and effluent concentrations.The retar-dation factor of the clay specimen also can be calculated with a revised cumulative mass approach.Finally,the simulated transient solute transport matched with experimental data from a multi-stage through-diffusion and membrane behavior test,validating the accuracy of the proposed method.

Modeling of a SrCe_(0.95)Yb_(0.05)O_3-αHollow Fibre Membrane Reactor for Methane Coupling

Proton-hole mixed conductor, SrCeo.95Yb0.05O3-α(SCYb), has the potential to be used as a membrane for dehydrogenation reactions such as methane coupling due to its high C2-selectivity and its simplicity for fabricating reactor systems. In addition, the mixed conducting membrane in the hollow fibre geometry is capable of providing high surface area per unit volume. In this study, mechanism of methane coupling reaction on the SCYb membrane was proposed and the kinetic parameters were obtained by regression of experimental data. A mathematical model describing the methane coupling in the SCYb hollow fibre membrane reactor was also developed. With this mathematical model, various operating conditions such as the operation mode, operation pressure and feed concentrations affecting performance of the reactor were investigated. The simulation results show that the cocurrent flow in the reactor exhibits higher conversion of methane and higher yield of ethylene compared to the countercurrent flow. In order to achieve the highest C2 yield, especially of ethylene, pure methane should be used as feed and the operating pressure be 300 kPa. Air can be used as the source of oxygen for the reaction and its optimum feed velocity is twice of the methane feed velocity. The air pressure in the lumen side should be kept the same as or slightly lower than the pressure of shell side.

Catalyst-modified perovskite hollow fiber membrane for oxidative coupling of methane

The catalytic oxidative cou pling of methane(OCM)to C_(2) hydrocarbons(C_(2)H_(6) and C_(2)H_(4))represents one of the most effective ways to convert natural gas to more useful products,which can be performed effectively using La_(0.6)Sr0.4Co_(0.2)Fe_(0.8)O_(3-δ)(LSCF)perovskite hollow fiber membrane microreactor.In this work,the effects of adding a thin BaCe_(0.8)Gd_(0.2)O_(3-δ)(BCG)catalyst film onto the inner LSCF fiber surface as the OCM catalyst and a porous Ba0.5Sr_(0.5)Co_(0.8)Fe_(0.2)O_(3-δ)(BSCF)perovskite layer onto the outer LSCF surface to improve the oxygen permeation were evaluated.Between 700℃and 1000℃,methane conversion increased in the order of uncoated,BCG and BSCF-coated,and BCG-coated LSCF hollow fiber while Coselectivity and C_(2)-yield increased in the order of BCG and BSCF-coated,uncoated,and BCG-coated LSCF hollow fiber.Oxygen permeation flux at the same temperature range,on the other hand,was enhanced in the order of uncoated,BCG-coated,and BCG and BSCF-coated LSCF hollow fiber.This finding demonstrates the complex interplay between oxygen permeation and OCM performance.The BCG and BSCFcoated hollow fiber was also subjected to thermal cycles between 850℃and 900℃for up to 175 hours during which the fiber showed minor degradation in oxygen permeation fluxes and relatively stable OCM performance.

STUDY ON THE DIFFUSION OF Cu^(2+)-H^+ COUPLE IN A CATION EXCHANGE MEMBRANE——A RAPID METHOD TO DETERMINE SELF-DIFFUSION COEFFICIENTS OF COUNTER-IONS WITH UNEQUAL VALENCE

1 INTRODUCTIONKnowledge of the basic transport phenomena of ions in an ion exchange membrane isimportant for the application of such a membrane.Various studies on the developmentof mathematical models for predicting and correlating membrane transport rate havebeen published in recent years.More exact estimation of the diffusion coefficientshas been the subject of chief concern in many of these papers.For a bi-ionic systemwith the same valence,Sato et al.gave a method for estimating diffusion coefficients

Non-equilibrium thermodynamic analysis of coupled heat and moisture transfer across a membrane

Non-equilibrium thermodynamics theory is used to analyze the transmembrane heat and moisture transfer process,which can be observed in a membrane-type total heat exchanger(THX).A theoretical model is developed to simulate the coupled heat and mass transfer across a membrane,total coupling equations and the expressions for the four characteristic parameters including the heat transfer coefficient,molardriven heat transfer coefficient,thermal-driven mass transfer coefficient,and mass transfer coefficient are derived and provided,with the Onsager’s reciprocal relation being confirmed to verify the rationality of the model.Calculations are conducted to investigate the effects of the membrane property and air state on the coupling transport process.The results show that the four characteristic parameters directly affect the transmembrane heat and mass fluxes:the heat and mass transfer coefficients are both positive,meaning that the temperature difference has a positive contribution to the heat transfer and the humidity ratio difference has a positive contribution to the mass transfer.The molar-driven heat transfer and thermal-driven mass transfer coefficients are both negative,implying that the humidity ratio difference acts to reduce the heat transfer and the temperature difference works to diminish the mass transfer.The mass transfer affects the heat transfer by 1%–2%while the heat transfer influences the mass transfer by7%–14%.The entropy generation caused by the temperature difference-induced heat transfer is much larger than that by the humidity difference-induced mass transfer.

Membrane finite element method for simulating fluid flow in porous medium

A new membrane finite element method for modeling fluid flow in a porous medium is presented in order to quickly and accurately simulate the geo-membrane fabric used in civil engineering. It is based on discontinuous finite element theory, and can be easily coupled with the normal Galerkin finite element method. Based on the saturated seepage equation, the element coefficient matrix of the membrane element method is derived, and a geometric transform relation for the membrane element between a global coordinate system and a local coordinate system is obtained. A method for the determination of the fluid flux conductivity of the membrane element is presented. This method provides a basis for determining discontinuous parameters in discontinuous finite element theory. An anti-seepage problem regarding the foundation of a building is analyzed by coupling the membrane finite element method with the normal Galerkin finite element method. The analysis results demonstrate the utility and superiority of the membrane finite element method in fluid flow analysis of a porous medium.

Methane Conversion to C_2 Hydrocarbons in Solid State Oxide Electrolyte Membrane Reactor

Provskite-type catalysts, Ln0.6 Sr0.4 FexCo1-x O3 (Ln = Nd,Pr, Gd, Sm, La, 0＜x＜1) and Ln0.8Na0.2CoO3(Ln= La,Gd, Sm) were synthesized, their catalytic properties in the oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) were examined in a fixed-bed reactor. The former group presented higher activity in the OCM, but the main product was carbon dioxide. While the later group showed lower activity but much higher selectivity to C2 hydrocarbons compared with the former. Electrochemical measurements were conducted in a solid oxide membrane reactor with La0.8 Na0.2CoO3 as catalyst. The results showed that methane was oxidized to carbon dioxide and ethane by two parallel reactions. Ethane was oxidized to ethene and carbon dioxide. A fraction of ethene was oxidized deeply to carbon dioxide. The total selectivity to C2 hydrocarbons exceeded 70%. Based on the experimental results, a kinetic model was suggested to describe the reaction results.

In situ Synthesis of Oligonucleotides on Plasma Treated Polypropylene Microporous Membrane

Polypropylene microporous membranes were treated with plasma in a mixture of N2 and H2 (1:2 in volume). Attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FT1R), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and ultra-violet (UV) spectra demonstrated the success of grafting amino groups. The density of the polar amino groups on the membrane surface is about 0.59 μmol/cm2. The as-treated membranes were successively applied to the in situ synthesis of oligonucleotides and an average coupling yield was more than 98%. The surface feature of the treated membrane is suggested to be responsible for its advantage over a glass slide.

A Novel Substrate for in situ Synthesis of Oligonucleotides: Hydrolyzed Microporous Polyamide-6 Membrane

A novel substrate for in situ synthesis of oligonucleotide was prepared by hydrolyzing microporous polyamide-6 membranes in a 0.01mol/L NaOH/(H2O-CH3OH) mixture medium. The formation of amines (NH2) on the surface was proved by attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR). The treated membrane was applied for in situ synthesis of oligonucleotide and a single step coupling efficiency determined by ultraviolet (UV) spectra was above 98 %.

Morphological stability analysis of vesicles with mechanical-electrical coupling effects

Using a recently established liquid crystal model for vesicles, we present a theoretical method to analyze the morphological stability of liquid crystal vesicles in an electric field. The coupled mechanical-electrical effects associated with elastic bending, osmotic pressure, surface tension, Max- well pressure, as well as flexoelectric and dielectric proper- ties of the membrane are taken into account. The first and second variations of the free energy are derived in a com- pact form by virtue of the surface variational principle. The former leads to the shape equation of a vesicle embedded in an electric field, and the latter allows us to examine the stabil- ity of a given vesicle morphology. As an illustrative exam- ple, we analyze the stability of a spherical vesicle under a uniform electric field. This study is helpful for understanding and revealing the morphological evolution mechanisms of vesicles in electric fields and some associated phenomena of cells.

Performance of Catalytically Active Membrane Reactors with Different A/V Ratios

Although the performance of membrane reactors (MR) is highly affected by the ratio of membrane area-to-reaction volume, there are few studies on this effect owing to the difficulties associated with reactor manufacture. In this study, an MR with high A/V ratio, a diameter of 35 m, and a height of 0.8 mm was fabricated. Separation performance of this MR was investigated in an n-butanol/water system. Esterification of acetic acid and n-butanol was used as the model reaction to investigate the performance of catalytically active membrane reactors (CAMR) with different A/V ratios. The reaction conversion was 38.59% in the CAMR with the high A/V ratio of 12,497/m, which was much higher than that in other CAMRs, for reaction time of 60 min and W/Vfratio of 0.093 g/mL. Excellent catalytic stability of the CAMR was confirmed by performing long-term stability experiments. © 2017 Tianjin University and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany

基于LNG冷能的膜-深冷分离碳捕集耦合系统工艺模拟与分析

开发经济、高效和节能的碳捕集工艺,是碳捕集、利用与封存技术的重点研究方向之一。针对低浓度(体积分数小于12%)CO_(2)烟气,提出了一种基于液化天然气(LNG)冷能的膜-深冷分离碳捕集耦合系统工艺,弥补了采用单一碳捕集技术的缺陷,并利用了LNG蕴含的冷能,有望实现更低能耗的CO_(2)捕集。利用Aspen Plus软件对该工艺进行了模拟,对影响系统性能的关键参数(液化温度、压缩压力和渗透气CO_(2)浓度等)进行了灵敏度分析,并开展了相关实验研究。结果表明,模拟结果与实验结果具有较好的一致性,利用该工艺可以得到符合工程或商业应用要求的液态CO_(2)产品;工艺CO_(2)捕集率与产品纯度随液化温度和压缩压力呈趋势相反的变化,即随着液化温度的降低或者压缩压力的提高,CO_(2)捕集率增加,但产品纯度降低;在达到工艺指标要求(CO_(2)捕集率大于等于85%、产品纯度大于等于90%)的前提下,工艺最低CO_(2)捕集能耗为2.183 MJ/kg(即捕集1 kg CO_(2)的能耗为2.183 MJ)。本研究为从低浓度CO_(2)烟气中分离回收CO_(2)提供了新思路。

膜分离与变压吸附耦合工艺提氦试验研究

我国氦气资源贫乏,主要依靠进口.近年来,已在多个盆地发现2种不同类型的氦气资源,其中含氦天然气资源丰富但品位低,地热水溶性伴生氦气品位高,但受限于地热水的开采,可采资源量较小,还未到工业化利用阶段.目前国内外氦气提取主要采用深冷法技术,应用在我国存在能耗高、经济性差的问题.在三普2号地热井开展地热水溶氦气的常温膜分离与变压吸附耦合工艺提取试验,将体积分数为3%左右的氦气利用膜分离工艺提浓至50%左右,提浓后的气体再利用变压吸附工艺提纯至99%以上,通过2种技术的联合运用,在国内首次完成了常温膜分离与变压吸附技术耦合工艺提氦试验.该技术也即将成果转化,应用到我国的天然气田提氦,对解决我国氦气供需矛盾、降低对外依存度具有重要的作用.

膜耦合技术对沼液浓缩及净水效果的影响

利用超滤-纳滤膜耦合技术,探究了pH为5~9条件下膜耦合技术对沼液的浓缩效果、净化能力等。结果表明:体积浓缩倍数(VRF)分别为5倍和10倍时,在pH为5~7的条件下,沼液浓缩效果和净水效果均优于碱性条件。当pH为7,VRF为10倍时,浓缩液中总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)、总钾(TK)分别为1 760、435、2 100 mg/L,浓度浓缩倍数分别达到8.8、7.63、6.34倍,盐分去除效果最好,浓缩效果最佳。透过液中NH_(4)^(+)-N、TN、TP、COD的去除率分别达到89.71%、81%、99.82%、95.77%,出水水质达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB 18918—2002)二级标准。通过扫描电镜(SEM)和X射线能量仪(EDX)分析可知,膜污染包括有机-无机协同污染,通过酸洗、碱洗能够对膜面污染物的去除起到一定的效果。

脉冲电晕放电—膜催化耦合装置降解甲苯的性能研究

用陶瓷膜管包裹不锈钢电极,通过对陶瓷膜管进行Co、Mn负载改性,构建一种新型的脉冲电晕放电—膜催化耦合体系去除模拟烟气中的甲苯。结果表明,甲苯的降解效率随放电电压、反应温度的升高而提高,螺纹状电极更有利于在高压电场作用下降解目标污染物。Co-Mn复配改性进一步提高陶瓷膜管的催化性能,当陶瓷膜管Co、Mn负载量(以质量分数计)分别为1.00%、0.11%,反应温度为30℃,气体流速为1.32 L/min,甲苯体积分数为16×10^(-6)时,脉冲电晕放电—膜催化耦合体系对甲苯的去除率可高达88.0%。同时,改性陶瓷膜管还具有抑制副产物生成、过滤去除细小颗粒物的作用。多物理场模拟软件(COMSOL)模拟分析表明,反应器中气体均匀通过电晕放电区域,电极附近气体流速较小,可以保证甲苯分子的充分降解。研究结果可为实际工业生产过程中有机废气净化提供技术支持。

弹性膜对部分充液罐车内液体晃动的抑制效果研究

为了提高液罐车的制动性能和侧倾稳定性极限,建立了流固耦合模型,研究了弹性膜对部分充液罐车内液体晃荡的抑制效果.进行了实验室实验,实验结果验证了数值模型的有效性.验证后的模型被进一步用于研究不同的弹性膜配置对晃荡响应的影响,如液体载荷传递、晃荡力、俯仰力矩和罐壁压强.研究中考虑了两种不同的储罐配置,即没有任何阻尼装置的储罐和具有各种弹性膜组合的储罐,以进行比较.结果表明,添加弹性膜可以显著限制液体的运动,从而显著降低由晃动引起的俯仰力矩,这将提高罐车的制动性能和侧倾稳定性极限.

改性聚偏氟乙烯膜的制备及电化学处理染料废水

为提高分离膜处理染料时的防污性能,利用碳纳米管铁钴催化剂(CFC)和乙炔黑对聚偏氟乙烯膜(PVDF)掺杂改性,制备导电复合膜。对制备的复合膜进行表征,评价了复合膜在电化学耦合膜分离技术中对甲基蓝染料的分离性能。结果表明:CFC的加入提高了复合膜的导电性和亲水性,相对于纯PVDF膜,复合膜的接触角下降了10.80°。且复合膜采用电化学耦合膜分离技术对甲基蓝染液的分离效率在90.27%,循环5次后分离效率仍保持在88.86%以上,纯水通量只下降1.01 L/(m^(2)·h)。相比于简单膜分离技术,分离效率提高19.00%,5次循环后的分离效率提高53.17%,循环通量提高87.09 L/(m^(2)·h)。说明外加电压的使用可以提高复合膜的分离效率和防污性能。