Implications of Dynamic Interactions between Meteorological Patterns and Surface Water Quality on Environmental Health—A Case Study of the Nairobi River

Urban areas face significant challenges in maintaining water quality amidst increasing urbanization and changing climatic patterns. This study investigates the complex interplay between meteorological variables and water quality parameters in Nairobi City, focusing on the impacts of rainfall and temperature on surface water quality. Data from multiple sources, including the Water Resources Authority, Nairobi Water and Sewerage Company, and the World Bank’s Climate Change Knowledge Portal, were analyzed to assess the relationships between meteorological variables (rainfall and temperature) and water quality parameters (such as electroconductivity, biochemical oxygen demand, chloride, and pH). The analysis reveals varying impacts of rainfall and temperature on different water quality parameters. While parameters like iron and pH show strong relationships with both rainfall and temperature, others such as ammonia and nitrate exhibit moderate relationships. Additionally, the study highlights the influence of runoff, urbanization, and industrial activities on water quality, emphasizing the need for holistic management approaches. Recommendations encompass the establishment of annual publications on Nairobi River water quality, online accessibility of water quality data, development of hydrological models, spatial analysis, and fostering cross-disciplinary research collaborations. Implementing these recommendations can enhance water quality management practices, mitigate risks, and safeguard environmental integrity in Nairobi City.

An overview of the resources and environment conditions and major geological problems in the Yangtze River economic zone, China

Focusing on the Yangtze River economic zone,the previous geological researches are systematically summarized,resources and environment conditions and major geological problems which are needing to be concerned in land planning and construction are studied.The results show that the resource conditions of cultivated land,shale gas,geotherm,lithium and so on are superior in the Yangtze River economic zone,and the resources and environment conditions are conducive to develop the modern agriculture,clean energy industry and strategic emerging industries.3×1013 m^2 farmlands without heavy metal pollution are concentrated;there are three national level shale gas exploration and development bases with explored reserves of 5.441×1011 m^3;geothermal availability is 2.4×109 t of standard coal each year,equivalent to 19% of the amount of coal in 2014;Asia's largest energy lithium metal ore deposit is found.In some parts of Yangtze River economic zone,there are some major geological problems such as active faults,karst collapse,ground subsidence,landslide-collapse-debris flow,affecting the river-crossing channels,high-speed railway,urban agglomeration and green ecological corridor planning and construction.Those problems should be concerned,and the relevant suggestions and countermeasures are put forward.Meanwhile,the ideas to further support the development of the Yangtze River economic zone are put forward.

Seismic vulnerability estimation of the building considering seismic environment and local site condition

A procedure is developed to incorporate seismic environment and site condition into the framework of seismic vulnerability estimation of building to consider the effects of the severity and/or frequency content of ground motion due to seismic environment and site condition. Localized damage distribution can be strongly influenced by seismic environment and surficial soil conditions and any attempt to quantify seismic vulnerability of building should consider the impact of these effects. The seismic environment, site and structure are coupled to estimate damage probability distribution among different damage states for the building. Response spectra at rock site are estimated by probabilistic seismic hazard assessment approach. Based upon engineering representations of soil and amplifying spectral coordinates, frequency content and severity of ground motion are considered. Furthermore the impacts of severity and/or frequency of ground motion effects are considered to estimate the seismic response of reinforced concrete building and damage probability distribution for the building. In addition, a new method for presenting the distribution of damage is developed to express damage probability distribution for the building for different seismic hazard levels.

Question and Countermeasure Research of Human Living Environment Designs in New Countries

In the view of new rural living environment,problems existing in the construction of current new rural living environment were analyzed so as to propose some theoretical ideas and ways for resolving the problems existing in the design of new rural living environment.

Debris Flow Formation Process and Critical Hydrodynamic Conditions in the Meizoseismal Area of the Wenchuan Earthquake

Abstract： The Wenchuan earthquake generated strong surface disturbances and triggered a large number of loose deposits, resulting in the disaster- prone environment with special watershed hydrological characteristics. This paper was to propose a debris flow formation process and explore the permeability characteristics and critical hydrodynamic conditions of the loose deposits triggered by the earthquake. The Guo Juanyan gully （31005＇27＂ N to 31005＇46＂ N, 103036＇58＂ E to 103037＇09＂ E） in Du Jiangyan City, located in the meizoseismal areas of the Wenchuan earthquake, was chosen as the study area and the disaster-prone environment was analyzed. The formation process of the debris flow was first proposed using a stability analysis, and then, the permeability characteristics of loose deposits were determined via in situ permeability experiments. Finally, the critical 1 h rainfall was simulated through a distributed hydrological model and verified by field observations. The formation process of debris flow could be divided into three stages based on the relationship between the hydrodynamic force and loose deposit resistance. The critical 1 h rainfall amounts under three antecedent moisture conditions （I-dry, Ⅱ-normal and Ⅲ-wet） were 52 mm/h, 43 mm/h and 34 mm/h, respectively. This study proposed a debris flow formation process in the meizoseismal areas of the Wenchuan earthquake based on the stability analysis and defined the rainfall threshold for debris flow early warning at the local level, which is significant for debris flow mitigation and risk management.

Paleo-sedimentary environmental restoration and its significance of Chang 7 Member of Triassic Yanchang Formation in Ordos Basin,NW China

Paleo-sedimentary environment of Chang 7 Member of Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation in Ordos Basin, including the paleoclimate, paleo-salinity and paleo-redox conditions were restored through geochemical elements analysis of 289 samples collected from the outcrop sections around and wells drilled in the basin and using a series of identification indexes of paleo-climate, paleo-salinity and paleo-redox conditions, such as CaO/MgO?Al2 O3, Sr/Cu, Rb/Sr, Rb/K2 O, Th/U, V/(V+Ni), the content of element B tested from the mudstone. Comprehensive analysis shows that in sedimentary period of the Chang 7, the paleo-climate was warm temperate to subtropical climate with temperature higher than 15 ?C, the water body was continental brackish water to freshwater, and the sediments were deposited under strong reduction conditions. Suitable temperature, extensively deep lake basin and strongly reductive paleo-sedimentary environment led to the blooming, enrichment and preservation of organic matter in the submember Chang 73. As a result, a set of high-quality source rock was formed, laying material foundation for large-scale accumulation of shale oil.

Forecasting changes of hydrological and hydrochemical conditions in the Aral Sea

The increase of irretrievable river water withdrawals and regulation of river flow has a negative effect on the natural regime of the Aral Sea. The Ainu Darya River and the Syr Darya River Basins are the largest irrigated farming areas. Their favorable soil and climatic conditions ensure guaranteed yields of various crops on irrigated lands. Since 1961, for the drastic increase of irretrievable river water withdrawal, mainly for irrigation, the inflow of fiver water into the Aral Sea has started to decrease significantly, accordingly the sea＇s hydrological and hydrochemical regimes disrupted dramatically. The sea level has continued to drop as evaporation exceeds inflow. This negatively transforms the natural environment and worsens socio-economic conditions in Priaralie as a whole, especially in the lower reaches of Amu Darya and Syr Darya, where natural conditions are largely determined by the sea＇s impact. At present, this causes desertification of the nonirrigated zone in the deltas, spreading to new areas as the Aral Sea dries out.

Nutritional Conditions for Application of Bacillus in Intensive Aquaculture of Shrimp

With the rapid development of intensive shrimp aquaculture, breeding en- vironment has been damaged severely, and diseases occur frequently. In aquacul- ture, probiotics are generally used to improve the ecological environment and inhibit pathogenic microorganisms, thereby reducing the incidence of diseases.They have been more and more commonly used in the intensive aquaculture of shrimp, and require certain nutritional conditions and need to reach a certain number to produce a good performance. In this paper, the basic nutrition requirements of the common- ly-used probiotic Bacillus and its water quality-improving effect were investigated to provide theoretical guidance for production.

Determining the groundwater basin and surface watershed boundary of Dalinuoer Lake in the middle of Inner Mongolian Plateau,China and its impacts on the ecological environment

The surface watershed and groundwater basin have fixed recharge scale,which are not only the basic unit for hydrologic cycle research but also control the water resources formation and evolution and its corresponding eco-geological environment pattern.To accurately identify the boundary of the surface watershed and groundwater basin is the basis for properly understanding hydrologic cycle and conducting the water balance analysis at watershed scale in complicated geologic structure area,especially when the boundary are inconsistent.In this study,the Dalinuoer Lake located in the middle of the Inner Mongolian Plateau which has complicated geologic structure was selected as the representative case.Based on the multidisciplinary comprehensive analysis of topography,tectonics,hydrogeology,groundwater dynamics and stable isotopes,the results suggest the following:(1)The surface watershed ridge and groundwater basin divide of Dalinuoer Lake are inconsistent.The surface watershed was divided into two separate groundwater systems almost having no groundwater exchange by the SW-NE Haoluku Anticlinorium Fault which has obvious water-blocking effect.The surface drainage area of Dalinuoer Lake is 6139 km^(2).The northern regional A is the Dalinuoer Lake groundwater system with an area of 4838 km^(2),and the southern regional B is the Xilamulun Riverhead groundwater system with an area of 1301 km^(2).(2)The groundwater in the southern of regional A and the spring-feeding river are the important recharge sources for the Dalinuoer Lake,and it has greater recharge effects than the northern Gonggeer River system.(3)It is speculated that the trend of Haoluku Anticlinorium Fault is the boundary of the westerlies and the East Asian summer Monsoon(EASM)climate systems,which further pinpoints the predecessor’s understanding of this boundary line.At present,the Dalinuoer Lake watershed is proved to have gone through a prominent warming-drying trend periods,which leads to the precipitation reduction,temperature rise,human activities water usage increasement.So the hydrological cycle and lake eco-environment at watershed scale will still bound to be change,which may pose the potential deterioration risk on the suitability of fish habitat.The results can provide basic support for better understanding water balance evolution and lake area shrinkage cause as well as the ecological protection and restoration implementation of Dalinuoer Lake watershed.

The formation environment and development modes of Cenozoic source rocks in the Qiongdongnan Basin

According to the drilling results,there are three sets of source rocks of the Cenozoic Group in the Qiongdongnan Basin,including the Yacheng Formation transitional facies mudstone,the Oligocene Lingshui Formation semi-enclosed marine facies mudstone,and the Miocene neritic-bathyal facies mudstone.The hydrocarbon generating conditions of the source rocks in the study area are mainly controlled by sedimentary environment and organic matter input.The abundance of organic matter in the Oligocene source rocks which were formed in a low-energy back shore environment is confined by organic matter input and hydrodynamic condition.The Miocene source rocks formed in the open marine environment lack terrestrial organic matter input,whose organic matter abundance is constrained by the primary production of the ocean and the preservation condition of organic matter.In addition,the redox conditions are also significant to the formation of source rocks in the study area.According to the differences in key factors controlling the development of source rocks in different time periods and structural belts revealed by drilling practice,three development patterns of source rocks have been put forward.The first one is the transitional facies model featuring a great deal of terrestrial organic matter and weakly hydrodynamic conditions which are apt to develop high effective source rocks in the Yacheng Formation.The second one is the semi-enclosed marine facies featuring abundant terrestrial organic matter,weakly hydrodynamic condition and fine preservation condition in the central depression zone,which are apt to form fine-quality source rocks in the Lingshui Formation.The third one is the marine facies model featuring strong hydrodynamics in the shore-shallow area of northern continental shelf and the lack of benthic algae which are against the development of source rocks.It can be predicted that the continental slope is the perfect place to form source rocks where adequate amounts of light favor the photosynthesis of plants,besides the fine preservation and weakly hydrodynamic conditions.In the deep sea area,although accompanied with weakly hydrodynamic conditions and a reduction environment,it is not suitable for the development of source rocks on account of less aquatic organisms causing low primary production.

Present Development Situation of Transgenic Crops and Effect on Ecological Environment

The present development situation of transgenic crops and their effect on ecological environment are introduced in the paper. Some relevant strategies for their future and how to control the risks of ecological environment are presented.

Effects of mechanical boundary conditions on thermal shock resistance of ultra-high temperature ceramics

The effects of mechanical boundary conditions, often encountered in thermalstructural engineering, on the thermal shock resistance（TSR） of ultra-high temperature ceramics（UHTCs） are studied by investigating the TSR of a UHTC plate with various types of constraints under the first, second, and third type of thermal boundary conditions. The TSR of UHTCs is strongly dependent on the heat transfer modes and severity of the thermal environments. Constraining the displacement of the lower surface in the thickness direction can significantly decrease the TSR of the UHTC plate, which is subject to the thermal shock at the upper surface. In contrast, the TSR of the UHTC plate with simply supported edges or clamped edges around the lower surface is much better.

城市营商环境优化的生成逻辑与实现路径——基于田野调查和QCA的多重分析

持续优化营商环境是完善政府体制机制、促进经济高质量发展的关键举措,然而区域营商环境影响要素和条件组合有待进一步挖掘与分析。基于西南某省9个地市的田野调查,提出优化营商环境的“制度—资源—能力”整合性分析框架,以我国103个城市为研究对象,结合必要条件分析(NCA)和定性比较分析(QCA)方法,探究优化营商环境的生成逻辑和实现路径。研究结果表明,单一制度、资源或能力要素不构成营商环境优化的必要条件。从条件组合看,制度、资源和能力要素相互依赖,4种组态形成高水平营商环境,分别为资源支持下的政策和政企联动型、制度和资源双向引领下的数字政府驱动型、制度和能力双重协同下的财政资源推动型、能力主导下的资源驱动型。分析表明,8种组态会产生非高水平营商环境,从而解释部分城市营商环境未达到高水平的主要原因。

城市道路网联混驾车辆分阶段动态轨迹控制方法

随着城市的进步和不断发展,智能驾驶车辆逐渐代替路段中的部分人工驾驶车辆,但在未来较长时间内人工驾驶车辆并不会被完全取代,此时出现网联车与人工驾驶车辆的混驾环境,即目前以及未来时间内我们面临的驾驶环境。网联车与人工驾驶车辆驾驶行为在路段内相互干扰,造成混合车流行驶效率低下。为减弱2种车辆间的相互作用,提出一种分离混驾环境下网联车和人工驾驶车辆的分阶段动态车道引导算法(dynamic lane guidance algorithm for separating CAVs and HDVs in mixed traffic environment,SCHME)。通过该算法分离在交叉口上游路段的混合流车辆集合,调整智能驾驶车辆的行驶路线并进行实时动态更新,在满足运动学约束收敛的条件下,人工驾驶车辆根据网联车的动态路线进行相应调整,实现在每辆车广义安全损失成本最小的情况下提高路段内混驾环境下车辆运行效率。通过MATLAB模拟车辆在进入交叉口前的车辆运行状态,结果表明,SCHME算法可在广义安全损失成本最小的情况下提高路段内平均车辆通行效率(17.29%),同时当车辆优化数组越大,车辆集合距离交叉口越远时,智能驾驶车辆渗透率越低,每辆车的道路广义安全损失成本越低。

日本HEAS-02-2022《医院设施设计指南(空调设备篇)》介绍

日本HEAS-02《医院设施设计指南(空调设备篇)》已经持续应用了30多年,对我国医院建设影响较大。历经4次修订,最新颁布的2022版是由医学主席在疫情中主持修订的,鉴于气溶胶新的传播特性提出了相应的合适措施。在医疗环境控制方面提出了许多新的思路与措施,局部修订了空气洁净度级别和各医疗科室的通风要求。依据感染管理风险评估及推荐强度与证据质量实施合理的医疗环境控制,并对一些关注点进行了澄清。

脚丈乡土--西安建筑科技大学西北乡土建筑研究概述

西安建筑科技大学西北乡土建筑研究团队始终扎根西部、深耕乡土,致力于西部人居环境改善与地域建筑文化的传承。本研究系统梳理了研究团队在黄土高原、河西走廊、西海固、河湟、三江源、藏彝走廊等不同研究片区,以问题意识为导向的核心学术思想和建立在身体力行基础上的研究成果,以期能为区域学科理论建构查漏补缺,为相关研究提供参考与借鉴。

超高层办公建筑暖通空调系统噪声控制分析

营造良好的室内声环境对人员身心健康至关重要。本文以某超高层办公楼为研究对象,分析了超高层办公建筑声学方面的特点、典型暖通空调系统的噪声传递途径;针对办公楼层剖析了声源降噪、隔绝机房噪声、办公区内空调末端及管道的噪声控制措施,并针对机电层的不同设备区域提出了相应的隔振、隔声、降噪做法。

内生环境如何决定商业银行绿色信贷发展--基于NCA与fsQCA方法

结合NCA与fsQCA两种方法,从盈利性、安全性、流动性、规模性、创新性和协同性六个维度构建内生环境条件变量,探究内生环境如何决定商业银行绿色信贷发展。研究发现,各条件变量均不构成商业银行绿色信贷发展的必要条件,且通过联动匹配识别出合理配置型、稳步拓展型、多元驱动型和盈利增长主导型四类高绿色信贷发展条件组态。同时也存在多因素匮乏型、发展局限型、成长潜力型和亟需拓宽型四类低绿色信贷发展条件组态。基于此,建议完善绿色信贷分配制度,提升商业银行创新能力,加强商业银行风险管控,以此优化商业银行绿色转型的内生环境。

高原生境下人工配水和实际污水处理效率比较研究

高原条件下的污水处理效能有其自身特点且缺乏系统性研究,污水处理过程中各指标含量的随机变化可能带来的耦合性影响研究更属空白,实际污水中各指标含量的不确定性极大阻碍了该领域的研究,采用人工配水可以较好的解决该问题,但人工配水与实际污水之间不同的物质构成是否会影响高原生境下的污水处理效果又成为系统研究高原生境下污水处理效能的制约因素。为此,本文以高海拔A^(2)O工艺为研究对象,采用控制变量的方法,开展对该因素的初步研究,即对高原生境下人工配水和实际污水的处理效率进行研究。研究结果表明:高原生境条件下的实际污水的处理效果总体优于人工配水且呈现出明显的区域性差异,出水水质显著高于平原地区;人工配水在各项污染物的处理效能方面呈现出较为明显的不稳定性。

论我国页岩油气的统一性

页岩油气是我国重要的油气战略资源,具有赋存于页岩层系中、自生自储的特征。2012年我国涪陵页岩气获得突破,形成了海相页岩气“二元富集”理论,即深水陆棚优质泥页岩发育是页岩气“成烃控储”的基础,良好的保存条件是页岩气“成藏控产”的关键。近年来,页岩油高效勘探开发实践表明,我国陆相页岩油同样具有“二元富集”特征。通过解剖我国典型页岩油气藏特征,将页岩油气纳入同一套成烃、成储、成藏体系中,进一步深化页岩油气“二元富集”理论内涵,形成页岩油气富集统一性新认识,并对未来深化研究趋势进行展望。研究表明:①以半深水—深水陆棚相和半深湖—深湖相为主的沉积环境是页岩油气成烃控储的基础,不仅控制着页岩的有机质丰度与类型,也控制着优质储层和有利岩相组合的分布;②稳定的构造条件、有效的顶底板封盖和页岩自封闭性共同形成的以地层超压为依据的良好的保存条件是页岩油气成藏控产的关键,为页岩油气的富集与高产提供关键保障;③页岩油气形成与富集是一个统一的动态演化体系,以热演化为主线,有序形成页岩油、凝析油和页岩气;④今后研究中重点加强常非一体化的评价思路,深化常非油气资源的分配系数,从整体的角度思考油气的分配规律。相关研究成果对深化页岩油气富集理论和指导页岩油气勘探开发具有重要的科学与实践意义。