Several 1-vinyl-3-alkylimidazolium halogens [VRIM]X, which are functional materials with ethylenic bonds, were synthesized using the microwave-assisted synthesis method. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and 1H ...Several 1-vinyl-3-alkylimidazolium halogens [VRIM]X, which are functional materials with ethylenic bonds, were synthesized using the microwave-assisted synthesis method. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy were carded out to analyze the resultant structures. The electrochemical properties and solubility of [VRIM]Br were investigated and discussed in detail. The temperature dependence of pure [VRIM]Br over a wide temperature range of 298.15-323.15 K fitted the Arrhanius equation well. At certain low concentrations, the electrical conductivity of the [VRIM]Br solution significantly increased with increasing solution concentration. The electrical conductivities of the [VRIM]Br observed in water, methanol, and ethanol showed the trend σwater〉 σmethanol 〉σethanol Conductometry showed that the critical miceUe concentrations of the bromines in water, methanol, and ethanol were 6.8-6.9 × 10-6, 1.4-1.5 × 10-5, and 1.9-2.0×10-5 mol.L-1, respectively; these results indicate that [VRIM]Br is an excellent surfactant. The solubility of [VRIM]X in common solvents was determined at 293.15 K, and results indicated that a decrease in solubility could be observed with decreasing dielectric constant of the solvent, elongation of the alkyl chain of the cation, and increasing anion size. Solubility parameters were also determined according to the Hildebrand-Scoff equation.展开更多
Detergents are very important substances in everyday life as they are used in laundry services. This manuscript reports the study of the commercial and laboratory prepared pine oil-based detergents employing the criti...Detergents are very important substances in everyday life as they are used in laundry services. This manuscript reports the study of the commercial and laboratory prepared pine oil-based detergents employing the critical micelle concentration (CMC) phenomenon using conductivity measurements. The two samples showed the CMC values of 0.0725 g/cm3 and 0.0920 g/cm3 for laboratory and commercial samples respectively. The effect of ionic strength was investigated using NaCl and it demonstrated a drop of CMC value of about CMC by 40% (laboratory sample) and 70% (commercial sample) while the equi-molar naphthalene increased the CMC values by about 50% (laboratory sample) and 12% (commercial sample) relative to their corresponding values under distilled water. The combined effect of equi-molar NaCl and naphthalene lowered the CMC by 5% (laboratory sample) and 30% (commercial sample). These differences could signify the superiority of the laboratory sample in that it is somehow buffered against drastic changes in the CMC under different conditions. The relationship between conductivity and the CMC values does not show sufficient linearity (R2 < 0.8403) suggesting different mechanisms of interactions between NaCl and naphthalene. Overall, the results are gratifying to the small-scale manufacturer who supplied the preparation protocol for laboratory sample preparation, in two respects: they inspire some degree of confidence in his product as well as enabling the manufacturer to employ the same protocol for his quality control practices as such improve product consistency and hence profitability.展开更多
基金Funded by the Special Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21174111)
文摘Several 1-vinyl-3-alkylimidazolium halogens [VRIM]X, which are functional materials with ethylenic bonds, were synthesized using the microwave-assisted synthesis method. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy were carded out to analyze the resultant structures. The electrochemical properties and solubility of [VRIM]Br were investigated and discussed in detail. The temperature dependence of pure [VRIM]Br over a wide temperature range of 298.15-323.15 K fitted the Arrhanius equation well. At certain low concentrations, the electrical conductivity of the [VRIM]Br solution significantly increased with increasing solution concentration. The electrical conductivities of the [VRIM]Br observed in water, methanol, and ethanol showed the trend σwater〉 σmethanol 〉σethanol Conductometry showed that the critical miceUe concentrations of the bromines in water, methanol, and ethanol were 6.8-6.9 × 10-6, 1.4-1.5 × 10-5, and 1.9-2.0×10-5 mol.L-1, respectively; these results indicate that [VRIM]Br is an excellent surfactant. The solubility of [VRIM]X in common solvents was determined at 293.15 K, and results indicated that a decrease in solubility could be observed with decreasing dielectric constant of the solvent, elongation of the alkyl chain of the cation, and increasing anion size. Solubility parameters were also determined according to the Hildebrand-Scoff equation.
文摘Detergents are very important substances in everyday life as they are used in laundry services. This manuscript reports the study of the commercial and laboratory prepared pine oil-based detergents employing the critical micelle concentration (CMC) phenomenon using conductivity measurements. The two samples showed the CMC values of 0.0725 g/cm3 and 0.0920 g/cm3 for laboratory and commercial samples respectively. The effect of ionic strength was investigated using NaCl and it demonstrated a drop of CMC value of about CMC by 40% (laboratory sample) and 70% (commercial sample) while the equi-molar naphthalene increased the CMC values by about 50% (laboratory sample) and 12% (commercial sample) relative to their corresponding values under distilled water. The combined effect of equi-molar NaCl and naphthalene lowered the CMC by 5% (laboratory sample) and 30% (commercial sample). These differences could signify the superiority of the laboratory sample in that it is somehow buffered against drastic changes in the CMC under different conditions. The relationship between conductivity and the CMC values does not show sufficient linearity (R2 < 0.8403) suggesting different mechanisms of interactions between NaCl and naphthalene. Overall, the results are gratifying to the small-scale manufacturer who supplied the preparation protocol for laboratory sample preparation, in two respects: they inspire some degree of confidence in his product as well as enabling the manufacturer to employ the same protocol for his quality control practices as such improve product consistency and hence profitability.
