A Double-Phase High-Frequency Traveling Magnetic Field Developed for Contactless Stirring of Low-Conducting Liquid Materials

The use of low electrically conducting liquids is more and more widespread.This is the case for molten glass,salt or slag processing,ionic liquids used in biotechnology,batteries in energy storage and metallurgy.The present paper deals with the design of a new electromagnetic induction device that can heat and stir low electricallyconducting liquids.It consists of a resistance-capacity-inductance circuit coupled with a low-conducting liquid load.The device is supplied by a unique electric power source delivering a single-phase high frequency electric current.The main working principle of the circuit is based on a double oscillating circuit inductor connected to the solid-state transistor generator.This technique,which yields a set of coupled oscillating circuits,consists of coupling a forced phase and an induced phase,neglecting the influence of the electric parameters of the loading part(i.e.,the low-conductivity liquid).It is shown that such an inductor is capable to provide a two-phase AC traveling magnetic field at high frequency.To better understand the working principle,the present work improves a previous existing simplified theory by taking into account a complex electrical equivalent diagram due to the different mutual couplings between the two inductors and the two corresponding induced current sets.A more detailed theoretical model is provided,and the key and sensitive elements are elaborated.Based on this theory,equipment is designed to provide a stirring effect on sodium chloride-salted water at 40 S/m.It is shown that such a device fed by several hundred kiloHertz electric currents is able to mimic a linear motor.A set of optimized operating parameters are proposed to guide the experiment.A pure electromagnetic numerical model is presented.Numerical modelling of the load is performed in order to assess the efficiency of the stirrer with a salt water load.Such a device can generate a significant liquid motion with both controlled flow patterns and adjustable amplitude.Based on the magnetohydrodynamic theory,numerical modeling of the salt water flow generated by the stirrer confirms its feasibility.

Determination of physical properties for the mixtures of [BMIM]Cl with different organic solvents

Physical properties including refractive index, density, viscosity and conductivity for binary mixtures of l-butyl- 3-methyl imidazolium chloride （[BMIM]CI） and different organic solvents at 298.15 K have been investigated. Ex- cess molar volumes have been calculated and obtained data has been fitted by the Redlich-Kister equation. The density and refractive index were found to increase with increasing concentration of [BMIM]CI, however, excep- tions do exist as in the case of dimethyl sulfoxide （DMSO）/[BMIM]CI. For DMSO/[BMIM]CI, the density decreases with increasing concentration. The addition of different organic solvents was able to disrupt the interactions within mixtures, leading to free mobility of ions. The free mobility of ions has been found to enhance conductivity and decrease viscosity to varying extents in all mixtures studied. It has been observed that solubility parameters, dielectric constants and composition of the solvents used play a vital role in determining the resultant properties. The data obtained will play an important role in understanding the effect of the addition of organic solvents in ILs to enhance their applicability.

Separation and determination of pyrrolidinium ionic liquid cations by ion chromatography with direct conductivity detection

A method for rapid and simultaneous determination of multiple pyrrolidinium ionic liquid cations by ion chromatography with direct conductivity detection was developed.Chromatographic separations were performed on a cation exchange column using ethylenediamine-acetonitrile as the mobile phase.The effects of chromatographic column and the mobile phase,as well as the column temperature on the retention of the cations were investigated.The retention rules of the cations under different chromatographic conditions were formulated.The retention of the cations followed the carbon number rule.The method has been successfully applied to the determination of three ionic liquids synthesized by a chemical laboratory.

Reversible adhesion surface coating proppant

Proppant is a key material in the hydraulic fracturing process,which has been widely used in unconventional oil exploitation.Normal proppants are easy to sedimentate and accumulate at the entrance of shale fracture,which will block the diversion of water,oil and gas.Coated proppants(CPs) are fabricated by coating resin on normal ceramic proppants through a simple method,which is dramatically enhanced the supporting properties in shale fracture and easy to scale up.Compared with uncoated ceramic proppants,the self-suspension ability of CPs is ~11 times higher,which are able to migrate and distribute farther and deeper inside the fracture.At the same time,Coating enhanced the 23.7% of adhesive force in maximum,which makes the CPs easier to adhere on the fracture surface to supportthe shale fracture.Besides,the liquid conductivity of CPs is 60% higher than uncoated ceramic proppants at13.6 MPa pressure.This method is expected to fabricated varieties of proppantsfor shale fracture supporting to improve the exploration of unconventional oil and gas resources.