Preparation technology of ultra-fine powders of Auricularia auricular

Conventional mechanical method and mechanical method combined with vacuum freeze-drying technology were used to make the ultra-fine powders of edible fungus (Auricularia auricular). The content of basic nutrients, amino acid, micro structure and their properties of raw edible fungus and the edible fungus powders obtained with the two methods were analyzed and compared. The granularity size and micro-structure of the pulverized samples were analyzed by SEM and TEM technology. The average granularity size of the edible fungus powder obtained with mechanical method was 1–5 μm, while that obtained with mechanical method combined with vacuum freeze-drying process was 0.5–1 μm. The ultra-fine powders of edible fungus obtained with the two methods had better water recovery capability and quality, and their preserving time was longer than that of raw edible fungus. All the properties of the ultra-fine powders of edible fungus obtained with the vacuum freeze-drying technology were evidently superior to that of the conventional mechanical method. Keywords Auricularia auricula - Edible fungus - Ultra-fine powders - Vacuum freeze-drying CLC number TS205 Document code B Biography: YANG Chun-yu (1975), female, Ph. D. in Engineering Technology Center of Forestry and Wood Workine, Machinery, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, P. R. China.Responsible editor: Zhu Hong

Application of face centred cubic TiB powder as conductive filler for electrically conductive adhesives

Face centred cubic（FCC） TiB ceramic powder synthesized by Ti-boronizing method was used as conductive filler to make ceramic electrically conductive adhesives（ECAs） with the polymer matrix.Electrically conductive properties of the ceramic ECAs were studied.The bulk electrical resistivity varied with the powder content of the FCC-TiB in ECAs.The FCC-TiB filled ECAs also showed the percolation behavior that usually occurred for the metal-filled ECAs,the percolation threshold was located at the content of 60%FCC-TiB.A minimum value of 0.1 Ω·cm was obtained at a content of 75%FCC-TiB.In order to check the reliability of mechanical property,tensile test was done to measure the shear strength,and the shear strength dropped with increasing the content of FCC-TiB powders.It is about 12.26 MPa at the content of 70%TiB powders.The Cu filled ECAs were also prepared for comparison.The properties of the oxidation resistance of the two ECAs were evaluated.The results show that the ceramic ECAs have excellent oxidation resistance and better stability compared with the Cu filled ECAs.

Optimal Conditions for Preparing Ultra-Fine CeO_2 Powders in A Submerged Circulative Impinging Stream Reactor

Cerium carbonate powders were produced in a submerged circulation impinging stream reactor （SCISR） from Ce（NO3）3· 6H2O. NH4HCO3 was used as a precipitant in the reaction. Cerium carbonate powders were roasted to produce ultra-fine cerium dioxide （CeO2） powders. The optimal conditions of such production process were obtained by orthogonal and one-factor experiments. The results showed that ultra-fine and narrowly distributed cerium carbonate powders were produced under the optimal flowing conditions. The concentrations of Ce（NO3）3 and NH4HCO3 solutions were 02,5 and 0.3 mol · L^-1, respectively. The concentration of PEG4000 added in these two solutions was 4 g · L^-1. The stirring ratio, reaction temperature, feeding time, solution pH, reaction time and digestion time were 900 r · min^- 1,80 ℃, 20 min, 5 - 6, 5 min and 1 h, respectively. The final product, CeO2 powders, was obtained by roasting the produced cerium carbonate in air for 3 h at 500 ℃. The finally produced CeO2 powders were torispherical particles with a narrow size distribution of 0.8 -2.5 μm. The crystal structure of CeO2 powders belonged to cubic crystal system and its space point 5 group was OH^5-FM3M. Under optimal conditions, powders produced by SCISR were finer and more narrowly distributed than that by Stirred Tank Reactor （STR）.

DYNAMIC RHEOLOGICAL BEHAVIOR OF POLYPROPYLENE FILLED WITH ULTRA-FINE POWDERED RUBBER PARTICLES

Dynamic rheological characteristics of polypropylene (PP) filled with ultra-fine full-vulcanized powdered rubber (UFPR) composed of styrene-butadiene copolymer were studied through dynamic rheological measurements on an Advanced Rheometric Expansion System (ARES). A specific viscoelastic phenomenon, i.e. 'the second plateau', appeared at low frequencies, and exhibits a certain dependence on the amount of rubber particles and the dispersion state in the matrix. This phenomenon is attributed to the formation of aggregation structure of rubber particles. The analyses of Cole-Cole diagrams of the dynamic viscoelastic functions suggest that the heterogeneity of the composites is enhanced on increasing both particle content and temperature.

An improved sodium silicate binder modified by ultra-fine powder materials

This paper presents a new method of modifying sodium silicate binder with ultra-fine powders. The sodium silicate binder modified by ultra-fine powder A and the organic B can reduce the addition amount of the binder. The results indicate that the 24 h strength has increased by 39.9% at room temperature and the residual strength has decreased by 30.7% at 800℃, compared to the conventional sodium silicate. An available material to improve the moisture resistance was also found by adding about 2% more inorganic C, and it can increase the moist strength by 20%. In the end, the microanalyses are given to explain the modifying machanism, i. e., the ultra-fine powder A can refine the sodium silicate binder to avoid holes in the binder bond, which can increase the 24 h strength at room temperture, and can lead to more cracks in the bond after the molding sand is heated to 800℃. This is because of the stress caused by the new eutectic complex of modified sodium silicate binder.

A Prediction Model of Effective Thermal Conductivity for Metal Powder Bed in Additive Manufacturing

In current research,many researchers propose analytical expressions for calculating the packing structure of spherical particles such as DN Model,Compact Model and NLS criterion et al.However,there is still a question that has not been well explained yet.That is:What is the core factors affecting the thermal conductivity of particles?In this paper,based on the coupled discrete element-finite difference(DE-FD)method and spherical aluminum powder,the relationship between the parameters and the thermal conductivity of the powder(ETC_(p))is studied.It is found that the key factor that can described the change trend of ETC_(p) more accurately is not the materials of the powder but the average contact area between particles(a_(ave))which also have a close nonlinear relationship with the average particle size d_(50).Based on this results,the expression for calculating the ETC_(p) of the sphere metal powder is successfully reduced to only one main parameter d_(50)and an efficient calculation model is proposed which can applicate both in room and high temperature and the corresponding error is less than 20.9%in room temperature.Therefore,in this study,based on the core factors analyzation,a fast calculation model of ETC_(p) is proposed,which has a certain guiding significance in the field of thermal field simulation.

Hydrogen Reduction:A Novel Method of Synthesizing Ultra-fine Chromic Oxide Powder

The ultra-fine chromic oxide powder was prepared by a novel gas-solid reduction reaction.Na2CrO4 was firstly reduced with hydrogen at 400-600 ℃.The obtained reduction products,mainly the mixture of NaCrO2 and sodium hydroxide（NaOH）,were converted into chromic oxide through hydrolysis followed by calcination.The obtained chromic oxide product was characterized by powder X-ray diffraction（XRD） and SEM.The results show that the hydrolysis process of sodium chromite is the key step and lower reduction temperature helps intensify the hydrolysis process.

Strengthening of HT250 by modified ultra-fine ceramic powders

In this study, three kinds of modified ultra-fine ceramic powders marked A, B and C, which were prepared by each of three different modifiers mixing with a commercial SiC, were added to HT250 cast iron, respectively, and the effects of the modified ultra-fine ceramic powders on microstructure, mechanical properties and wear resistance were studied. Metallographic examination, tensile test, scanning electron microscopy, and three-dimensional surface topography were applied to analyze and compare the samples containing modified powder with the original samples. The results showed that the most obvious modification effect among the powders was seen in the sample containing powder A, with the graphite and eutectic cells being refined, the tensile strength being increased by 36.9%, and the wear resistance being improved by 45.5% and 47.2% under loads of 150 N and 300 N, respectively. The improvements of mechanical properties and wear resistance in the HT250 cast iron with the modified ultra-fine ceramic powders were attributed to the synergistic effect of the grain refinement with the powder acting as a hard particle phase and the lubrication by the graphite.

Preparation of PbTiO_3 Conductive Powders and Coatings

La2O3 and Ce2O3 were penetrated into PbTiO3 to obtain conductive powders, and then they were mixed with polyurethane and butyl acetate to prepare conductive coatings. The results showed that the electric property of modified PbTiO3 powders was improved by penetration of La2O3 and Ce2O3. XRD patterns showed that some new compounds such as La2Ti6O15, CeTi21O38 and Pb0.634La0.209Ti0.948O2.284 were formed, which led to the rapid increase of conductivity. The resistivity of modified PbTiO3 powders decreased to 3.88 Ω·m. The coatings using modified PbTiO3 powders as fillings also had a good conductivity. When the PbTiO3 powders were 10% and antisettle agent (bentonite) content was 0.50%, and mass ratio between polyurethane and butyl acetate was 1.05, the surface resistivity of the coatings fell down to 1.3×108 Ω·m. This kind of conductive coatings could be used in electromagnetic shielding.

Preparation of rare-earth-modified medical stone powders and their application as conductive fillers

Traditional metal conductive fillers are expensive and prone to oxidation. Thus, the development of new conductive powders as fillers is urgently needed. A novel gaseous penetration technology was adopted to prepare La-doped medical stone powders(La-MSPs), which are inexpensive mesoporous materials, as a new kind of conductive filler material. The prepared La-MSPs attained a resistivity of 450 ?·m and were used as a filler to prepare conductive coatings with epoxy resin as the resin matrix. The influence of the La-MSPs dosage on the resistance and hardness of the coatings was also determined. The resistance and the hardness both decreased with increasing filler dosage. Finally, the optimum recipe of the conductive coatings with the most suitable fillers dosage(55 wt%) was obtained. The hardness and resistance of the coatings with 55 wt% La-MSPs were HV 4 and 5.5 × 10~7 ?, respectively.

Preparation of Ultra-fine Salbutamol Sulfate Particles by Reactive Precipitation and Characterization of Dry Powder Inhalant

The preparation of ultra-fine particles of salbutamol sulphate （SS） was accomplished with a reactive precipitation pathway, in which salbutamol and sulphuric acid were Used as reactants with the solvents of ethanol.The effects of sulphuric acid concentration, reaction temperature, stirring rate, and reaction time onthesize of the particle were investigated. A binary mixture composed of lactose and SS was prepared to evaluate SS. The results showed that ultra-fine SS particles with controlled diameters ranging between 3 μm and 0.8 μm and with a narrow distribution could be achieved. The morphology consisting of clubbed particles wassuccess.fully obtained. The purity of the particles reached above 98% with-UV detection. The dose- of dry powder inhalation was obtained by blending the particles with recrystallized lactose, which acted as a carrier. The deposition quantity of the drug in breathing tract was estimated using a twin imPinger apparatus. Compared with the Shapuer powder （purchased in the market）, the results showed that SS_particles had more quantifies.subsided in simulative lung.. _

Effect of Curing Procedure on the Properties of Copper-Powder-Filled Conductive Adhesives

By means of testing the shear strength with single lap joint, measuring electrical resistivity for cured products and the curing strain with strain gauges, the effect of cure parameters on the properties of HT1012 conductive adhesive filled with copper powder was investigated, and the residual stress in the conductive adhesives was also estimated. The experimental results show that the properties such as shear strength of the adhesives, electrical resistivity of products as well as the residual stress of cured HT 1012 copperfitted conductive adhesive were evidently affected by curing temperature and time. The diagrams of scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and Fourier transform infrared （FT-IR） were also used to determine the properties. The higher mechanical property was achieved under the condition of curing the adhesive 3 h at 60 ℃ as the density of the hydrogen links or linkages existed in the adhesive was relatively higher and the lower electrical resistivity occurred at 80 ℃.

Preparation of Well Dispersed and Ultra-Fine Ce(Zr)O_2 Mixed Oxide by Mechanochemical Processing

Ultra-fine CeO_2-ZrO_2 mixed oxide was successfully synthesized by wet-solid phase mechanochemical processing, Ce_2(CO_3)_3·8H_2O, ZrOCl_2·xH_2O and ammonia were used as reactants. It is found that the crystalline Ce_2(CO_3)_3·8H_2O and ZrOCl_2·xH_2O are changed to amorphous cerium and zirconium hydroxide precursor after milling with ammonia, and Ce_(0.15)Zr_(0.85)O_2 mixed oxide with pure tetragonal phase structure and medium particle size(D_(50))less than 1μm is formed by calcining precursor over 673 K. The XRD patterns indicate that the crystal unite size increases with rising calcining temperature due to crystal growth. However, the particle size and BET surface area of the Ce(Zr)O_2 mixed oxide decreases with rising calcining temperature, which may be attributed to the contract of particles and the vanish of holes inside grains.

Electrochemical migration behavior of Ag-plated Cu-filled electrically conductive adhesives

The electrochemical migration (ECM) behavior of the electrically conductive adhesives (ECAs) filled with pure Ag powder or Ag-plated Cu composite powder with varied Ag:Cu ratios was investigated under the condition of applying constant voltage and distilled water environment.ECM resistance was determined from the current-time curves.The microstructure and composition of ECM dendrite products were analyzed by SEM/EDS and XRD.It was found that the ECM resistance of Ag-plated Cu composite powder-filled ECAs was evidently higher than that of pure Ag powder-filled ECAs.The Ag:Cu ratio of composite powder in ECAs had notable influence on ECM resistance,which was enhanced with the decrease of Ag:Cu ratios.The composition of dendrites formed between cathode and anode during ECM process was not uniform for Ag-plated Cu-filled ECAs.An ECM inhibiting mechanism of Ag-plated Cu composite powder was proposed according to analysis of the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy,Tafel plot and dendrite composition.

ATO-TiO_(2)浅色导电粉体的可控制备及性能研究

浅色导电材料因其较低的电阻率,优异的装饰特质迅速发展,运用在传感、电子信息、机械制造、通讯、电磁屏蔽等诸多领域。锑掺杂二氧化锡和二氧化钛(ATO-TiO_(2))纳米复合材料不仅具有半导体性质,并且颜色浅、可染性好,同时具有优异的化学稳定性和热稳定性。然而其制备过程中容易团聚,导致导电性能较差。因此,制备过程中均匀分散,同时兼具优异的导电性能是目前研究需要迫切解决的科学问题。采用共沉淀的方法,制备了ATO-TiO_(2)浅色导电材料,分析了包覆复合过程中不同改性剂、Sb_(x)Sn_(1-x)O_(2)∶TiO_(2)复合比和干燥方式对ATO-TiO_(2)浅色导电材料的物相组成、微观形貌、电学性能等微观结构形貌及宏观理化性能的影响,实现了可控制备并得到了最佳制备的工艺路线。

碳纤维和EPS颗粒对RPC性能的影响

研究了不同掺量(0、0.2%、0.3%、0.4%、0.5%、1.0%)的碳纤维(CF)全取代钢纤维(SF)对活性粉末混凝土(RPC)工作性的影响,优选出了适宜CF掺量;在此基础上,研究了EPS颗粒掺量(10%、20%、30%、40%、50%)对掺CF的RPC(CF-RPC)工作性、力学性能、干表观密度和导热系数的影响,并与同EPS颗粒掺量条件下掺SF的RPC(SF-RPC)性能进行了对比。结果表明:CF的适宜掺量为0.3%;随着EPS颗粒掺量的增加,CF-RPC试件的扩展度先增大后减小,抗压强度、抗折强度、干表观密度和导热系数均降低,韧性提升;与掺EPS的SF-RPC试件相比,掺EPS的CF-RPC试件的抗压强度较低,但韧性较好,干表观密度和导热系数均较低。

直流电下导电沥青混凝土非线性导电行为研究

导电沥青混凝土中非线性导电行为的导电机制尚不明确。基于实验室制备的碳纤维(CF)–碳纤维粉(CFP)导电沥青混凝土,通过测试外力场对导电沥青混凝土电阻率的关系,结合线性随机电阻网络模型、动态随机电阻网络模型和非线性随机动态电阻器模型,研究导电沥青混凝土非线性导电行为,明确非线性导电行为的导电机制。结果表明:随着碳纤维掺量、油石比和压力的增加,电阻率呈现明显且相似的非线性下降趋势,其中,碳纤维粉掺量的增加导致电阻率先下降后上升;不同掺量的导电沥青混凝土伏安特性曲线均呈现非线性特征;在强电场作用下,导电相材料本身的非线性导电行为和绝缘态部分载流子通道导通引起的非线性导电行为共同导致了碳纤维–碳纤维粉导电沥青混凝土的非线性导电行为,并证明在电场作用下导电沥青混凝土存在隧道效应。

俄歇电子能谱测试中非导电粉末样品的荷电效应及消除方法

俄歇电子能谱在分析绝缘样品时,要得到正确的谱图,荷电效应是一个重要的影响因素。本文选取Al_(2)0_(3)粉末为例,提出了俄歇电子能谱分析Al_(2)0_(3)粉末样品的制样方法,通过对比几种减少荷电效应的实验,选取了以覆盖铝导电膜的方法进行实验。此方法流程简便、高效,降低了因荷电效应的影响,通过对Al203的标准摩尔比进行匹配,得到了比较好的匹配度。此方法检测结果较好。

基于骨架结构设计的高性能W10Cu材料制备及表征

用商用不规则W粉和球形W粉压制W骨架坯,经1800~2000℃真空烧结制备W骨架,在H_(2)气氛1350℃下熔渗Cu获得高致密W10Cu复合材料。结果表明:等离子球化W粉团聚消失,流动性更好,松装密度提升82%,相同压力下压坯密度提升15%。用球形W粉制备的W骨架可保持低的W-W连接度及良好的通孔率,为熔渗提供高品质骨架材料。W骨架经熔渗4h后获得W10Cu块体材料,其室温拉伸强度为680MPa,电导率为1.856S/m,比商用W10Cu的拉伸强度、电导率分别提升了41%、28%,可归因于低W-W连接度、Cu相良好的网状结构、Cu对W颗粒的包覆协同作用结果。本研究中新型低W-W连接度骨架结构设计可为高比重W、高通孔率W-Cu材料设计与开发提供思路。

间歇超声搅拌辅助化学镀制备核壳型镍包铜粉

[目的]通过优化化学镀配方和工艺,提升镍包铜粉的分散均匀性和镀层品质,以增强其作为导电填料在电子浆料中的抗氧化和导电性能。[方法]先采用Pd Cl_(2)体系活化铜粉,然后在间歇超声搅拌辅助下,采用酸性体系进行化学镀镍,制备出核壳型镍包铜粉。利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)分析了Ni镀层的微观形貌和晶体结构,研究了活化液组分、镀液配方和搅拌方式对化学镀的影响。通过扫描电镜观察、能谱面扫分析和热重分析,检验了在较优条件下制备的镍包铜粉的镍层包覆效果和抗氧化性能。[结果]铜粉活化的较优配方为:Pd Cl_(2)0.50 mmol/L,盐酸2.40 mol/L,聚氧乙烯20油醚2.0 g/L。铜粉化学镀镍的较优配方为:硫酸镍0.037 5 mol/L,乙酸钠0.15 mol/L,乙酸0.27 mol/L,聚氧乙烯20油醚2.0 g/L,聚乙烯吡咯烷酮1.5 g/L,还原剂溶液(次磷酸钠3.367 mol/L)滴加速率2.5 mL/h。化学镀过程中采用30 s超声振荡和30 s机械搅拌交替进行的间歇超声搅拌方式有利于制备出镀层均匀致密和颗粒分散性良好的镍包铜粉。[结论]在较优条件下制备的镍包铜粉具有镀覆率高、镍层致密、颗粒分散均匀、抗氧化性能好等优点。