The spinel-type LiMn_(2)O_(4) is a promising candidate as cathode material for rechargeable Li-ion batteries due to its good thermal stability and safety.Experimentally,it is observed that in this compound there occur...The spinel-type LiMn_(2)O_(4) is a promising candidate as cathode material for rechargeable Li-ion batteries due to its good thermal stability and safety.Experimentally,it is observed that in this compound there occur the structural phase transitions from cubic(Fd3m)to tetragonal(I4_(1)/amd)phase at slightly below room temperature.To understand the phase transition mechanism,we compare the Gibbs free energy between cubic phase and tetragonal phase by including the configurational entropy.Our results show that the configurational entropy contributes substantially to the stability of the cubic phase at room temperature due to the disordered Mn^(3+)/Mn^(4+)distribution as well as the orientation of the Jahn-Teller elongation of the Mn^(3+)O_(6) octahedron in the the spinel phase.Meanwhile,the phase transition temperature is predicted to be 267.8 K,which is comparable to the experimentally observed temperature.These results serve as a good complement to the experimental study,and are beneficial to the improving of the electrochemical performance of LiMn_(2)O_(4) cathode.展开更多
ABX_(2)(A=Ag,Na,Cu;B=Sb,Bi;X=S,Se,Te)(GroupsⅠ-Ⅴ-Ⅵ_(2))compounds,which are all characterized by the ultralow lattice thermal conductivity because of their strong lattice anharmonicity caused by lone-pair electrons,h...ABX_(2)(A=Ag,Na,Cu;B=Sb,Bi;X=S,Se,Te)(GroupsⅠ-Ⅴ-Ⅵ_(2))compounds,which are all characterized by the ultralow lattice thermal conductivity because of their strong lattice anharmonicity caused by lone-pair electrons,have aroused wide attention in thermoelectric community.The practical application of thermoelectric devices usually requires both the compatible n-type and p-type materials simultaneously.However,most ofⅠ-Ⅴ-Ⅵ_(2)compounds are intrinsic p-type semiconductors,lacking their n-type counterparts for thermoelectrics.Herein,in this work,we increase the configuration entropy of AgBiTe_(2)by alloying SnTe,in order to stabilize the cubic phase at room temperature.With further optimization of thermal and electrical performance,the thermoelectric performance could be improved simultaneously in both n-and p-type(AgBiTe_(2))_(1-x)(SnTe)_(x)(x=0.3,0.4)solid solutions.Finally,p-type compound with the nominal composition of(AgBi_(0.99)Cd_(0.01)Te_(2))_(0.6)(SnTe)_(0.4)and n-type of(AgBiTe_(2))_(0.7)(SnTe)_(0.3)~Br 6%show the maximum zT of~0.33 and~0.21,at 381 and 423 K,respectively.展开更多
Configurational information entropy(CIE)analysis has been shown to be applicable for determining the neutron skin thickness(δnp)of neutron-rich nuclei from fragment production in projectile fragmentation reactions.Th...Configurational information entropy(CIE)analysis has been shown to be applicable for determining the neutron skin thickness(δnp)of neutron-rich nuclei from fragment production in projectile fragmentation reactions.The BNN+FRACS machine learning model was adopted to predict the fragment mass cross-sections(σ_(A))of the projectile fragmentation reactions induced by calcium isotopes from ^(36)Ca to ^(56)Ca on a ^(9)Be target at 140MeV/u.The fast Fourier transform was adopted to decompose the possible information compositions inσA distributions and determine the quantity of CIE(S_(A)[f]).It was found that the range of fragments significantly influences the quantity of S_(A)[f],which results in different trends of S_(A)[f]~δnp correlation.The linear S_(A)[f]~δnp correlation in a previous study[Nucl.Sci.Tech.33,6(2022)]could be reproduced using fragments with relatively large mass fragments,which verifies that S_(A)[f]determined from fragmentσAis sensitive to the neutron skin thickness of neutron-rich isotopes.展开更多
Configurational information entropy(CIE)theory was employed to determine the neutron-skin thickness of neutron-rich calcium isotopes.The nuclear density distributions and fragment cross sections in 350 MeV/u ^(40-60)C...Configurational information entropy(CIE)theory was employed to determine the neutron-skin thickness of neutron-rich calcium isotopes.The nuclear density distributions and fragment cross sections in 350 MeV/u ^(40-60)Ca+^(9)Be projectile fragmentation reactions were calculated using a modified statistical abrasion-ablation model.CIE quantities were determined from the nuclear density,isotopic,mass,and charge distributions.The linear correlations between the CIE determined using the isotopic,mass,and charge distributions and the neutron-skin thickness of the projectile nucleus show that CIE provides new methods to extract the neutron-skin thickness of neutron-rich nuclei.展开更多
When P indistinguishable balls are randomly distributed among L distinguishable boxes, and considering the dense system , our natural intuition tells us that the box with the average number of balls P/L has the highes...When P indistinguishable balls are randomly distributed among L distinguishable boxes, and considering the dense system , our natural intuition tells us that the box with the average number of balls P/L has the highest probability and that none of boxes are empty;however in reality, the probability of the empty box is always the highest. This fact is with contradistinction to sparse system (i.e. energy distribution in gas) in which the average value has the highest probability. Here we show that when we postulate the requirement that all possible configurations of balls in the boxes have equal probabilities, a realistic “long tail” distribution is obtained. This formalism when applied for sparse systems converges to distributions in which the average is preferred. We calculate some of the distributions resulted from this postulate and obtain most of the known distributions in nature, namely: Zipf’s law, Benford’s law, particles energy distributions, and more. Further generalization of this novel approach yields not only much better predictions for elections, polls, market share distribution among competing companies and so forth, but also a compelling probabilistic explanation for Planck’s famous empirical finding that the energy of a photon is hv.展开更多
Developing a universal and reliable strategy for the modulation of composition and structure of energy storage materials with stable cycling performance is vital for hydrogen and its isotopes storage advanced system,y...Developing a universal and reliable strategy for the modulation of composition and structure of energy storage materials with stable cycling performance is vital for hydrogen and its isotopes storage advanced system,yet still challenging.Herein,an ultra-stable lattice structure is designed and verified to increase atomic chaos and interference for effectively inhibiting disproportionation reaction and improving cycling stability in ZrCo-based hydrogen isotopes storage alloy.After screening in terms of configuration entropy calculation,we construct Zr_(1-2)Nb_(x)Co_(1-2x)Cu_(x)Ni_(x)(x=0.15,0.2,0.25) alloys with increased atomic chaos,and successfully achieve stable isostructural de-/hydrogenation during 100 cycles,whose cycling capacity retentions are above 99%,much higher than 22.4%of pristine ZrCo alloy.Both theoretical analysis and experimental evidences indicate the high thermo-stability of orthorhombic lattice in Zr_(0.8)Nb_(0.2)Co_(0.6)Cu_(0.2)Ni_(0.2) alloy.Notably,the increased atomic chaos and interference in Zr_(0.8)Nb_(0.2)Co_(0.6)Cu_(0.2)Ni_(0.2) alloy causes regulation in hydrogen local chemical neighborhood,thereby confusing the hydrogen release order,which effectively eliminates lattice distortion and unlocks an ultrastable lattice structure.This study provides a new and comprehensive inspiration for hydrogen atoms transport behaviors and intrinsic reason of stable orthorhombic transformation,which can contribute to paving the way for other energy storage materials modulation.展开更多
TiNi-based shape memory alloys(SMAs)have been used as damping materials to eliminate noise and mechanical vibration.However,their application is limited by low working temperatures and damping capacity.In this work,tw...TiNi-based shape memory alloys(SMAs)have been used as damping materials to eliminate noise and mechanical vibration.However,their application is limited by low working temperatures and damping capacity.In this work,two novel Ti-Zr-Hf-Ni-Co-Cu high entropy shape memory alloys(HESMAs)with different transformation temperatures and damping properties were investigated.The results show that Ti_(25)Zr_(8)Hf_(17)Ni_(30)Co_(5)Cu_(15) has superior damping performance arising from martensitic transformation,shape memory effect(thermal cycle at constant load)as well as superelasticity.Compared to traditional TiNi-based SMAs,the as-cast HESMAs exhibit a much higher ultrahigh yield strength(∼2 GPa)and storage modulus(∼50 GPa).The high configuration entropy of the HESMAs with high uneven internal stress and severe lattice distortion is revealed as the underlying mechanisms governing distinctive damping performance.The effects of high configuration entropy and microheterogeneity on the martensitic transforma-tion behavior and damping performance of HESMAs are clarified in this work,which provides a basis for designing alloys with superior damping properties.展开更多
High-entropy oxides(HEOs)and medium-entropy oxides(MEOs)are new types of single-phase solid solution materials.MEOs have rarely been reported as positive electrode material for sodium-ion batteries(SIBs).In this study...High-entropy oxides(HEOs)and medium-entropy oxides(MEOs)are new types of single-phase solid solution materials.MEOs have rarely been reported as positive electrode material for sodium-ion batteries(SIBs).In this study,we first proposed the concept of the application of MEOs in SIBs.P2-type 3-cation oxide Na_(2/3)Ni_(1/3)Mn_(1/3)Fe_(1/3)O_(2)(NaNMF)and 4-cation oxide Na_(2/3)Ni_(1/3)Mn_(1/3)Fe_(1/3-x)Al_(x)O_(2)(NaNMFA)were prepared using the solid-state method,rather than the doping technology.In addition,the importance of the concept of entropy stabilization in material performance and battery cycling was demonstrated by testing 3-cation(NaNMF)and 4-cation(NaNMFA)oxides in the same system.Thus,NaNMFA can provide a reversible capacity of about 125.6 mAh-g”1 in the voltage range of 2-4.2 V,and has enhanced cycle stability.The capacity and decay law of the MEO batteries indicate that the configurational entropy(1.28 R(NaNMFA)>1.10 R(NaNMF))of the cationic system,is the main factor affecting the structural and cycle stability of the electrode material.This work emphasizes that the rational design of MEOs with novel structures and different electrochemically active elements may be the strategy for exploring high-performance SIB cathode materials in next-generation energy storage devices.展开更多
The addition of hexagonal-close-packed(hcp)non-rare-earth elements Zr,Ti and Co,to the 10-component hep rare-earth-based high-entropy alloys(HEAs)with a composition of ScYLaNdGdTbDyHoErLuX(X=Zr,Co and Ti)was investiga...The addition of hexagonal-close-packed(hcp)non-rare-earth elements Zr,Ti and Co,to the 10-component hep rare-earth-based high-entropy alloys(HEAs)with a composition of ScYLaNdGdTbDyHoErLuX(X=Zr,Co and Ti)was investigated.The enthalpy of mixing between elements was found to have a significant effect on the formation of phases.The addition of Co combines with elements that had a strong chemical affinity to form intermetallic compounds by the effect of enthalpy.Ti was added with all elements with poor chemical affinity and exhibited rejection to form a phase alone.These were the two terminal manifestations of the role of enthalpy over entropy.Part of Zr was soluble in the matrix under the action of entropy,while the other part had a greater affinity for Sc than the other elements to form a precipitate under the action of enthalpy.This was the result of the local balance between the effect of enthalpy and entropy.The solid solution of the elements had different degrees of strengthening effect,among which Zr had the most excellent strengthening effect from 185 to 355 MPa,so the solid solution strengthening model and precipitation strengthening model were proposed to predict the strength of the alloy with the addition of Zr effectively.展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12174162,51962010,12064015,and 12064014).
文摘The spinel-type LiMn_(2)O_(4) is a promising candidate as cathode material for rechargeable Li-ion batteries due to its good thermal stability and safety.Experimentally,it is observed that in this compound there occur the structural phase transitions from cubic(Fd3m)to tetragonal(I4_(1)/amd)phase at slightly below room temperature.To understand the phase transition mechanism,we compare the Gibbs free energy between cubic phase and tetragonal phase by including the configurational entropy.Our results show that the configurational entropy contributes substantially to the stability of the cubic phase at room temperature due to the disordered Mn^(3+)/Mn^(4+)distribution as well as the orientation of the Jahn-Teller elongation of the Mn^(3+)O_(6) octahedron in the the spinel phase.Meanwhile,the phase transition temperature is predicted to be 267.8 K,which is comparable to the experimentally observed temperature.These results serve as a good complement to the experimental study,and are beneficial to the improving of the electrochemical performance of LiMn_(2)O_(4) cathode.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51772035 and 11874356)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2020CDJ-LHZZ-011)Chongqing Entrepreneurship and Innovation Program for the Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars(No.cx2019002)
文摘ABX_(2)(A=Ag,Na,Cu;B=Sb,Bi;X=S,Se,Te)(GroupsⅠ-Ⅴ-Ⅵ_(2))compounds,which are all characterized by the ultralow lattice thermal conductivity because of their strong lattice anharmonicity caused by lone-pair electrons,have aroused wide attention in thermoelectric community.The practical application of thermoelectric devices usually requires both the compatible n-type and p-type materials simultaneously.However,most ofⅠ-Ⅴ-Ⅵ_(2)compounds are intrinsic p-type semiconductors,lacking their n-type counterparts for thermoelectrics.Herein,in this work,we increase the configuration entropy of AgBiTe_(2)by alloying SnTe,in order to stabilize the cubic phase at room temperature.With further optimization of thermal and electrical performance,the thermoelectric performance could be improved simultaneously in both n-and p-type(AgBiTe_(2))_(1-x)(SnTe)_(x)(x=0.3,0.4)solid solutions.Finally,p-type compound with the nominal composition of(AgBi_(0.99)Cd_(0.01)Te_(2))_(0.6)(SnTe)_(0.4)and n-type of(AgBiTe_(2))_(0.7)(SnTe)_(0.3)~Br 6%show the maximum zT of~0.33 and~0.21,at 381 and 423 K,respectively.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11975091)the Program for Innovative Research Team(in Science and Technology)in the University of Henan Province,China(No.21IRTSTHN011).
文摘Configurational information entropy(CIE)analysis has been shown to be applicable for determining the neutron skin thickness(δnp)of neutron-rich nuclei from fragment production in projectile fragmentation reactions.The BNN+FRACS machine learning model was adopted to predict the fragment mass cross-sections(σ_(A))of the projectile fragmentation reactions induced by calcium isotopes from ^(36)Ca to ^(56)Ca on a ^(9)Be target at 140MeV/u.The fast Fourier transform was adopted to decompose the possible information compositions inσA distributions and determine the quantity of CIE(S_(A)[f]).It was found that the range of fragments significantly influences the quantity of S_(A)[f],which results in different trends of S_(A)[f]~δnp correlation.The linear S_(A)[f]~δnp correlation in a previous study[Nucl.Sci.Tech.33,6(2022)]could be reproduced using fragments with relatively large mass fragments,which verifies that S_(A)[f]determined from fragmentσAis sensitive to the neutron skin thickness of neutron-rich isotopes.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11975091 and U1732135)the Program for Innovative Research Team(in Science and Technology)in University of Henan Province,China(No.21IRTSTHN011)。
文摘Configurational information entropy(CIE)theory was employed to determine the neutron-skin thickness of neutron-rich calcium isotopes.The nuclear density distributions and fragment cross sections in 350 MeV/u ^(40-60)Ca+^(9)Be projectile fragmentation reactions were calculated using a modified statistical abrasion-ablation model.CIE quantities were determined from the nuclear density,isotopic,mass,and charge distributions.The linear correlations between the CIE determined using the isotopic,mass,and charge distributions and the neutron-skin thickness of the projectile nucleus show that CIE provides new methods to extract the neutron-skin thickness of neutron-rich nuclei.
文摘When P indistinguishable balls are randomly distributed among L distinguishable boxes, and considering the dense system , our natural intuition tells us that the box with the average number of balls P/L has the highest probability and that none of boxes are empty;however in reality, the probability of the empty box is always the highest. This fact is with contradistinction to sparse system (i.e. energy distribution in gas) in which the average value has the highest probability. Here we show that when we postulate the requirement that all possible configurations of balls in the boxes have equal probabilities, a realistic “long tail” distribution is obtained. This formalism when applied for sparse systems converges to distributions in which the average is preferred. We calculate some of the distributions resulted from this postulate and obtain most of the known distributions in nature, namely: Zipf’s law, Benford’s law, particles energy distributions, and more. Further generalization of this novel approach yields not only much better predictions for elections, polls, market share distribution among competing companies and so forth, but also a compelling probabilistic explanation for Planck’s famous empirical finding that the energy of a photon is hv.
基金financial supports from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (52071286, U2030208 and 51901213)the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2017YFE0301505)。
文摘Developing a universal and reliable strategy for the modulation of composition and structure of energy storage materials with stable cycling performance is vital for hydrogen and its isotopes storage advanced system,yet still challenging.Herein,an ultra-stable lattice structure is designed and verified to increase atomic chaos and interference for effectively inhibiting disproportionation reaction and improving cycling stability in ZrCo-based hydrogen isotopes storage alloy.After screening in terms of configuration entropy calculation,we construct Zr_(1-2)Nb_(x)Co_(1-2x)Cu_(x)Ni_(x)(x=0.15,0.2,0.25) alloys with increased atomic chaos,and successfully achieve stable isostructural de-/hydrogenation during 100 cycles,whose cycling capacity retentions are above 99%,much higher than 22.4%of pristine ZrCo alloy.Both theoretical analysis and experimental evidences indicate the high thermo-stability of orthorhombic lattice in Zr_(0.8)Nb_(0.2)Co_(0.6)Cu_(0.2)Ni_(0.2) alloy.Notably,the increased atomic chaos and interference in Zr_(0.8)Nb_(0.2)Co_(0.6)Cu_(0.2)Ni_(0.2) alloy causes regulation in hydrogen local chemical neighborhood,thereby confusing the hydrogen release order,which effectively eliminates lattice distortion and unlocks an ultrastable lattice structure.This study provides a new and comprehensive inspiration for hydrogen atoms transport behaviors and intrinsic reason of stable orthorhombic transformation,which can contribute to paving the way for other energy storage materials modulation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) (Grant Nos.51971178,52271153 and 51871132)the Natural Science Basic Research Plan for Distinguished Young Scholars in Shaanxi Province (Grant No.2021JC-12)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing (Grant No.cstc2020jcyj-jqX0001)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS (2021188).
文摘TiNi-based shape memory alloys(SMAs)have been used as damping materials to eliminate noise and mechanical vibration.However,their application is limited by low working temperatures and damping capacity.In this work,two novel Ti-Zr-Hf-Ni-Co-Cu high entropy shape memory alloys(HESMAs)with different transformation temperatures and damping properties were investigated.The results show that Ti_(25)Zr_(8)Hf_(17)Ni_(30)Co_(5)Cu_(15) has superior damping performance arising from martensitic transformation,shape memory effect(thermal cycle at constant load)as well as superelasticity.Compared to traditional TiNi-based SMAs,the as-cast HESMAs exhibit a much higher ultrahigh yield strength(∼2 GPa)and storage modulus(∼50 GPa).The high configuration entropy of the HESMAs with high uneven internal stress and severe lattice distortion is revealed as the underlying mechanisms governing distinctive damping performance.The effects of high configuration entropy and microheterogeneity on the martensitic transforma-tion behavior and damping performance of HESMAs are clarified in this work,which provides a basis for designing alloys with superior damping properties.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51674068,51874079,51804035,and 11775226)the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(No.E2018501091)+2 种基金the Hebei Province Key Research and Development Plan Project(No.19211302D)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Nos.N172302001,N182306001,N182312007,N182304018,and N2023040)the Research Project on the Distribution of Heavy Metals in Soil and Comprehensive Utilization Technology of Tailings in Typical Iron Tailing Reservoir Areas of Hebei Province(No.802060671901).
文摘High-entropy oxides(HEOs)and medium-entropy oxides(MEOs)are new types of single-phase solid solution materials.MEOs have rarely been reported as positive electrode material for sodium-ion batteries(SIBs).In this study,we first proposed the concept of the application of MEOs in SIBs.P2-type 3-cation oxide Na_(2/3)Ni_(1/3)Mn_(1/3)Fe_(1/3)O_(2)(NaNMF)and 4-cation oxide Na_(2/3)Ni_(1/3)Mn_(1/3)Fe_(1/3-x)Al_(x)O_(2)(NaNMFA)were prepared using the solid-state method,rather than the doping technology.In addition,the importance of the concept of entropy stabilization in material performance and battery cycling was demonstrated by testing 3-cation(NaNMF)and 4-cation(NaNMFA)oxides in the same system.Thus,NaNMFA can provide a reversible capacity of about 125.6 mAh-g”1 in the voltage range of 2-4.2 V,and has enhanced cycle stability.The capacity and decay law of the MEO batteries indicate that the configurational entropy(1.28 R(NaNMFA)>1.10 R(NaNMF))of the cationic system,is the main factor affecting the structural and cycle stability of the electrode material.This work emphasizes that the rational design of MEOs with novel structures and different electrochemically active elements may be the strategy for exploring high-performance SIB cathode materials in next-generation energy storage devices.
基金financially supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Province,China (Nos. 201901D111105 and 201901D111114)the Key Research and Development Program of Shanxi Province (No.202102050201008)+1 种基金the National Science Foundation,United States (Nos.DMR-1611180 and 1809640)the U.S.Army Research Office (Nos.W911NF-131-0438 and W911NF-19-2-0049)
文摘The addition of hexagonal-close-packed(hcp)non-rare-earth elements Zr,Ti and Co,to the 10-component hep rare-earth-based high-entropy alloys(HEAs)with a composition of ScYLaNdGdTbDyHoErLuX(X=Zr,Co and Ti)was investigated.The enthalpy of mixing between elements was found to have a significant effect on the formation of phases.The addition of Co combines with elements that had a strong chemical affinity to form intermetallic compounds by the effect of enthalpy.Ti was added with all elements with poor chemical affinity and exhibited rejection to form a phase alone.These were the two terminal manifestations of the role of enthalpy over entropy.Part of Zr was soluble in the matrix under the action of entropy,while the other part had a greater affinity for Sc than the other elements to form a precipitate under the action of enthalpy.This was the result of the local balance between the effect of enthalpy and entropy.The solid solution of the elements had different degrees of strengthening effect,among which Zr had the most excellent strengthening effect from 185 to 355 MPa,so the solid solution strengthening model and precipitation strengthening model were proposed to predict the strength of the alloy with the addition of Zr effectively.