The dynamics of price discovery between the U.S.and Chinese soybean market:a wavelet approach to understanding the effects of Sino-US trade conflict and COVID-19 pandemic

During geopolitical crises,the price stability of agricultural commodities is critical for national security.Understanding the dynamics of pricing power between the U.S.and China and how it varies over time can help smaller nations navigate unpredictable moments.This study uses a unified framework and wavelet approach to examine soybean price discovery in the U.S.and China from the standpoints of price interdependence and information flows.We begin by illustrating the integrated link between the soybean futures markets in the U.S.and China,which includes multiple structural breaks.The pricing difference between the two nations acts as the primary information spillover route for their integrated relationship.Furthermore,we show that the direction and degree of information spillover change dramatically in proportion to the strength of the U.S.–Chinese soybean interaction.Finally,we find that China’s recent retaliatory tax on the U.S.soybeans gave the Chinese market a more powerful position in soybean futures price discovery.After the first-stage trade deal was reached,and during the epidemic phase of the coronavirus pandemic,the pricing power of the U.S.soybean market showed no signs of full recovery.

Impact of Sino-US Trade Friction on Import and Export Trade Pattern of Soybean in Heilongjiang

Under the background of Sino-US trade friction,soybean,as an important variety in the important and export trade of agricultural products,has become a key bargaining chip. After the Ministry of Commerce of China announced the counter list of agricultural products including soybean,the price fluctuations of domestic soybean and related agricultural products are rapidly expanding. Under the background of SinoUS trade friction,taking the soybean-producing areas in Heilongjiang as an example,the impact of Sino-US trade friction on the important and export pattern of soybean in Heilongjiang was explored to provide a certain theoretical basis for the development of soybean industry in Heilongjiang.

Research and Analysis of the Sino-US Agricultural Trade in Current Decade

China has a large population, so the supply of agricultural products is very essential, and agricultural trade plays an important role. According to the data from the United Nations’ commodity trade, the rate of agricultural products trade development between China and the United States is declining since 2012, and China has kept perennial trade disadvantage for a long period of time. In order to change the current trade situation, we must make in-depth analysis on the two countries’ agricultural products trade status and their characteristics, thus target to development of trade strategy. This paper first introduces the current imbalance situation of the agricultural trade between China and the United States, then analyzes the causes of trade imbalance and its impact. Finally, some relevant countermeasures are putting forward, such as expanding the scale of the economy and agriculture;narrowing the gap between international and domestic regions and improving the quality and safety of agricultural products.

Recalculating Sino-US Trade Balance Using the Ownership-Based Statistical Method

Using the trade statistical method based on asset ownership,this paper recalculated Sino-US bilateral trade volume and the result indicates that against traditional trade statistics,Chinese exports to the US reduced by an average of 51%while Chinese imports from the US increased by an average of 41%between 2004 and 2010.Balance of trade is in the range between US$2,189 billion of deficit and US$12.77 billion of surplus on the part of China,which are far smaller than the balance of Sino-US trade calculated by traditional statistical method.In order to reflect the real scale of China's foreign trade and effectively respond to Sino-US trade frictions,it is necessary for China to establish its trade statistics system based on asset ownership.

Research on Rebalance of Economic Globalization and Sino-US Trade Friction

With the development of science and technology, informationization and economic globalization are developing faster and faster, and their impact on the world's economy and trade is also growing. The United States started the rebalancing strategy with tax reform as the starting point, and had large-scale trade frictions with China. How to avoid economic and trade frictions and promote sustainable economic development has become an important issue facing all countries. Although the economic and trade relations between the two countries are generally in a stable state, the friction in the trade field between the two countries exists in every stage of their economic and trade cooperation from beginning to end. The occurrence of trade friction not only affects the development of bilateral trade and regional economic development, but also may lead to a worldwide economic crisis. This paper analyzes the new forms of trade friction faced by the two countries under economic globalization through the friction between China and the United States in trade. With a view to promoting the sound development of trade between the two countries.

Adhering to Opening-up is the Key to Solve Sino-US Economic and Trade Problems

The new round of Sino-US high-level economic and trade consultations has been concluded.This is the 13th round of negotiations since the wide acceleration of economic and trade frictions between China and US.

Impact of Sino-US Trade Agreement on Chinese Legal System about Intellectual Property Rights

On January 15,2020,the representatives of Sino-US trade signed Phase I Economic and Trade Agreement Between the Government of the People’s Republic of China and the Government of the United States of America in Washington,which symbolizes the temporary settlement of two-year Sino-US trade war in relatively peaceful method and lays a good foundation in mutual trust for subsequent Phase II negotiation.This Agreement includes eight chapters involving Sino-US economic and trade and is called the model of the international bilateral agreement by virtue of its wide field and rigorous details.The impact of clauses about intellectual property rights on China’s current legal system and the future revision direction of China’s relevant laws for conformance with the Agreement will be discussed emphatically so that the author can rapidly understand the impact and significance of Sino-US trade agreement to Chinese law.

Cultural study on trade disputes between China and the West

In recent years, China＇s international trade has made great actuevements, However, when carefully reviewing its performance in the international market, we have to admit a fact that ＂Chinese businessmen＂ and ＂Made in China＂ are encountering great challenges, even aversion in many foreign markets. The so-called ＂Yellow peril theory＂ and ＂China threat theory＂ have caught on once again. Faced with such frequent trade conflicts, we fall into contemplation. Why did trade conflicts so frequently happen？ Do these conflicts merely remain at the commercial level？ Or, are there any deep-seated conflicts leading to trade conflicts？ What are the root causes of these conflicts？ How to overcome and avoid these conflicts in the future？ With these questions, this paper is designed to inquire into the root cause of trade conflicts and the constructive suggestions to settle trade conflicts from a cultural perspective.

Research on the Protection of Vulnerable Groups in Water Pollution Conflicts Based on Binomial Tree Pricing Model

The interests of vulnerable groups can’t be guaranteed due to their weaker capacity and the limited interests demand channels during the water pollution conflicts. The interest protection for the vulnerable people in the water pollution conflicts has attracted attentions of the international scholars. The paper tries to construct the market mechanism which can make the vulnerable people to involve in the emission trading. The vulnerable people can buy American put option in the emission trading market. When the price of the emission runs below the contract price, the vulnerable people can get the benefit through executing the option. When the price of the emission runs above the contract price, the vulnerable people can give up the right. The binomial tree option pricing model can help the vulnerable people to make a decision through the analysis of the worth of the American put option.

US FDI in China Has Widened China-US Trade Surplus

The paper analyzes the impact of U.S.direct investment in Chino on the Sino-US trade balance.The research shows that US FDI in China has largely widened the US-Chino trade deficit.On the one hand,cost-oriented US investment enlarged Ch/nese export to the US;on the other hand,market-oriented investment decreased US exports to China.Moreover,China’s surplus against US high-technology products is mainly created by foreign invested enterprises.Therefore,the paper suggests that China should adjust its FDI policies to reduce the trade surplus against the US,thereby calming the trade dispute with the US as well as other countries.

A Review of China-US Economic and Trade Relations (2007-2015)

In order to find indications for future bilateral relations, it is worth reviewing the development of China-US economic and trade relations in recent history. Generally speaking, the nine years between 2007 and 2015 saw non-stop progress in China and US trade and economic ties. The China-US interdependent and complementary economic and trade connections ensure that bilateral relations are constantly developing and merging following their interdependent paths;the global challenges, such as the financial crisis and recent extreme weather events, have allowed China and the US to be in the same boat,weathering these different forms of turbulence. Decisions on important domestic policies and disputes can now be discussed earlier and effectively following on from the construction of multi-dimensional crisis management mechanisms. But undeniably there are unsettled and conflicting points in their relations, such as the fact that the US strategically excludes China from its free trade agenda, not willing to accept many everyday items manufactured by China. This is a major obstacle preventing their relationships deepening. History tells us, in future, if both sides could have a bigger vision, relations would better develop, for the new type of major power relations and the subsequent road would be less rocky and bring more benefits for the peoples of both countries.

区域贸易协定条约冲突的解决途径探究——以RCEP和CPTPP的条约冲突为视角

随着区域贸易协定数量与日俱增,同一主体可能与多个主体间签订数个适用范围存在交叉的协定,“意大利面碗”现象日趋复杂,潜在的条约冲突增多。中国过去以双边贸易协定为主,该问题并不突出。然而,随着中国加入RCEP,并申请加入CPTPP,未来可能面临较多冲突情形。对此,文章识别了RCEP与CPTPP的潜在冲突条款和冲突类型,分析了使用《维也纳条约法公约》规定、WTO冲突解决规范、冲突条款及国际实践方法解决冲突的适用性及其不足。在此基础上,提出区分真实冲突和虚假冲突进行应对。针对虚假冲突,以适用国际法冲突规则为基础,突出有效解释和目的—宗旨解释方法并结合运用多种解释方法的解决路径;针对真实冲突,则坚持在人类命运共同体理念指引下,借鉴菜单式(àla carte)方法等行之有效的实践方法,补充冲突条款具体规定并进一步发展磋商机制。

Global Production Sharing and Sino-US Trade Relations

This paper examines Sino-US trade relations, focusing on the ongoing process of global production sharing, involving splitting of the production process into discrete activities that are then allocated across countries, and the resulting trade complementarities between the two countries in world manufacturing trade. The results suggest that the Sino--US trade imbalance is basically a structural phenomenon resulting from the pivotal role played by China as the final assembly centre in East Asia-centered global production networks.

转化理论视角下国际商务谈判冲突的化解策略——以美日汽车贸易谈判为例

作为国际贸易中的重要一环,国际商务谈判不仅体现合作,也包括着对立与冲突,因此,研究国际商务谈判冲突化解策略具有现实意义。本文基于路易士·克里斯伯格(Louis Kriesberg)转化理论的视角,详细分析美日汽车及其零部件贸易谈判中的冲突转化过程,探究转化理论在国际商务谈判中的应用情形,提出国际商务谈判冲突化解中试探态度、公开行动、达成协议、实施监督这四个阶段中的谈判策略,以期为面对国际贸易争端的各方积极化解冲突提供了重要启示。

The future of global trade in the presence of the Sino-US trade war

The looming of a vindictive spirit owing to dishevelled trade relations amidst China and the US seems to be near.Never has it been so apparent than now.The US has had itself as the largest economy on the world stage and China’s attempt at shuffling this incumbency has led the US to open a tariff fire on Chinese imports.The tariff brawl appears to be not settling anytime soon as the retaliatory measures are swelling incessantly.Being the two largest economies of the world,giving in for disengaging trade with each other is bound to have a ripple effect on the global system of trade.Where the detesting to barrier-free trade on the part of the US and China are certain to inflict pain upon both countries,it might come as a benefit for other countries.This research explores the movement in global trade springing out of the Sino-US trade war.

俄乌冲突背景下西方经济制裁对中俄贸易的影响分析

2022年俄乌冲突爆发以来,西方国家对俄罗斯实施了一系列经济和政治制裁。这不仅给俄罗斯带来了巨大的经济损失,而且给全球主要经济体的商业活动带来了冲击,引发了全球经济震荡。在民族认同感和国家认同感不断提升、贸易保护主义持续扩散、全球一体化影响深入等引发的一系列国际冲突背景下,探讨美欧对俄罗斯实施的经济制裁对贸易的影响,不仅对俄罗斯的国家安全具有重要的实践价值,也为中国有效应对未来可能的经济制裁提供了宝贵的经验和借鉴。