The global climate has changed substantially over the last 100 years,and associated changes in species distribution limits have occurred in recent decades.Climate change presents a challenge for biodiversity conservat...The global climate has changed substantially over the last 100 years,and associated changes in species distribution limits have occurred in recent decades.Climate change presents a challenge for biodiversity conservation on a global scale.The ability to detect changes in species distributions and attribute them to past climate change is crucial for the accurate prediction of future species distributions and for biodiversity conservation.This study proposes a technique for the quantitative detection of species distribution changes and their attribution to past climate change.An attribution value was defined to describe the extent to which the distributional changes for observed species could be attributed to climate change.The calculation thereof involved the following steps:(1)construction of a time series of observed species distributions and climatic factors,(2)estimation of the correlations between changes in species distributions and climatic factors,(3)prediction of changes in species distributions as driven by climatic factors,(4)estimation of the consistency between observed and predicted changes in species distributions,and(5)estimation of the attribution value.Furthermore,using nine snake species found in China as examples,we demonstrated in detail the practical application of this technique.This technique can be used to identify,based on global species distribution and climate data,the effects of climate change on species distributions over the past years on a global scale.展开更多
In this paper,the equivalence conditions about the consistency of positive matrices are studied.Two new consistency indexes are proved. By the results of the random expectment,the reference wines for consistency test ...In this paper,the equivalence conditions about the consistency of positive matrices are studied.Two new consistency indexes are proved. By the results of the random expectment,the reference wines for consistency test are given. The improvement methods of the new indexes and priority values are proposed.Thus the problem about the consistency test,the reviaion of a comparison matrix and the computation of priority values are related to each other.展开更多
This paper introduces some index concepts used in the study of economical theoryand summarizes some conclusions on the consistency between linear homogeneous production (or cost)function and index formula. In the last...This paper introduces some index concepts used in the study of economical theoryand summarizes some conclusions on the consistency between linear homogeneous production (or cost)function and index formula. In the last section , the authors show the consistency between nonlinearhomogeneous production and index formula and fill the gap in this field.展开更多
This paper presents a new method for constructing synthetic matrix which is obtained by extending the given judgement matrices in the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). The consistency relationship among the given matr...This paper presents a new method for constructing synthetic matrix which is obtained by extending the given judgement matrices in the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). The consistency relationship among the given matrices and their synthetic matrix is studied. The method can be used to deal with situations where the number of the given alternatives is larger than nine, and needs less pairwise comparisons than any others. Thus it will aid in the design of the AHP, which will reduce the information overload of decision maker, a major drawback of the original AHP algorithm. Finally, a numerical example is given to show the feasibility and effectiveness of the method.展开更多
We give the necessary and sufficient condition for a bounded linear operator with property （ω） by means of the induced spectrum of topological uniform descent, and investigate the permanence of property （ω） unde...We give the necessary and sufficient condition for a bounded linear operator with property （ω） by means of the induced spectrum of topological uniform descent, and investigate the permanence of property （ω） under some commuting perturbations by power finite rank operators. In addition, the theory is exemplified in the case of algebraically paranormal operators.展开更多
The improvement of consistency index and the computation of priority values are studied by considering a vector of the comparison matrix in this paper.According to consistency weight index,the orderpreserving is discu...The improvement of consistency index and the computation of priority values are studied by considering a vector of the comparison matrix in this paper.According to consistency weight index,the orderpreserving is discussed while a new vector is let into the comparison matrix,the methods of identification and revision for dissatisfaction vector are proposed,the computational formula for the revised vector are given so that the consistency weight index is optimum.the revision of the vector make the consistency of comparison matrix get much improvement and relate directly to the computation of priority vector.展开更多
文摘The global climate has changed substantially over the last 100 years,and associated changes in species distribution limits have occurred in recent decades.Climate change presents a challenge for biodiversity conservation on a global scale.The ability to detect changes in species distributions and attribute them to past climate change is crucial for the accurate prediction of future species distributions and for biodiversity conservation.This study proposes a technique for the quantitative detection of species distribution changes and their attribution to past climate change.An attribution value was defined to describe the extent to which the distributional changes for observed species could be attributed to climate change.The calculation thereof involved the following steps:(1)construction of a time series of observed species distributions and climatic factors,(2)estimation of the correlations between changes in species distributions and climatic factors,(3)prediction of changes in species distributions as driven by climatic factors,(4)estimation of the consistency between observed and predicted changes in species distributions,and(5)estimation of the attribution value.Furthermore,using nine snake species found in China as examples,we demonstrated in detail the practical application of this technique.This technique can be used to identify,based on global species distribution and climate data,the effects of climate change on species distributions over the past years on a global scale.
文摘In this paper,the equivalence conditions about the consistency of positive matrices are studied.Two new consistency indexes are proved. By the results of the random expectment,the reference wines for consistency test are given. The improvement methods of the new indexes and priority values are proposed.Thus the problem about the consistency test,the reviaion of a comparison matrix and the computation of priority values are related to each other.
文摘This paper introduces some index concepts used in the study of economical theoryand summarizes some conclusions on the consistency between linear homogeneous production (or cost)function and index formula. In the last section , the authors show the consistency between nonlinearhomogeneous production and index formula and fill the gap in this field.
基金This research is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.79970093).
文摘This paper presents a new method for constructing synthetic matrix which is obtained by extending the given judgement matrices in the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). The consistency relationship among the given matrices and their synthetic matrix is studied. The method can be used to deal with situations where the number of the given alternatives is larger than nine, and needs less pairwise comparisons than any others. Thus it will aid in the design of the AHP, which will reduce the information overload of decision maker, a major drawback of the original AHP algorithm. Finally, a numerical example is given to show the feasibility and effectiveness of the method.
基金Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank the referees for their many valuable suggestions which have greatly contributed to improve the final form of this paper. This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant Nos. 10971011, 11371222）.
文摘We give the necessary and sufficient condition for a bounded linear operator with property （ω） by means of the induced spectrum of topological uniform descent, and investigate the permanence of property （ω） under some commuting perturbations by power finite rank operators. In addition, the theory is exemplified in the case of algebraically paranormal operators.
文摘The improvement of consistency index and the computation of priority values are studied by considering a vector of the comparison matrix in this paper.According to consistency weight index,the orderpreserving is discussed while a new vector is let into the comparison matrix,the methods of identification and revision for dissatisfaction vector are proposed,the computational formula for the revised vector are given so that the consistency weight index is optimum.the revision of the vector make the consistency of comparison matrix get much improvement and relate directly to the computation of priority vector.
