Dynamics and stabilization of peak current-mode controlled buck converter with constant current load

The discrete iterative map model of peak current-mode controlled buck converter with constant current load（CCL）,containing the output voltage feedback and ramp compensation, is established in this paper. Based on this model the complex dynamics of this converter is investigated by analyzing bifurcation diagrams and the Lyapunov exponent spectrum. The effects of ramp compensation and output voltage feedback on the stability of the converter are investigated. Experimental results verify the simulation and theoretical analysis. The stability boundary and chaos boundary are obtained under the theoretical conditions of period-doubling bifurcation and border collision. It is found that there are four operation regions in the peak current-mode controlled buck converter with CCL due to period-doubling bifurcation and border-collision bifurcation. Research results indicate that ramp compensation can extend the stable operation range and transfer the operating mode, and output voltage feedback can eventually eliminate the coexisting fast-slow scale instability.

Low voltage substrate current： a monitor for interface states generation in ultra-thin oxide n-MOSFETs under constant voltage stresses

The low voltage substrate current （Ib） has been studied based on generation kinetics and used as a monitor of interface states （Nit） generation for ultra-thin oxide n-MOSFETs under constant voltage stress. It is found that the low voltage Ib is formed by electrons tunnelling through interface states, and the variations of Ib（△Ib） are proportional to variations of Nit （△Nit）. The Nit energy distributions were determined by differentiating Nit（Vg）. The results have been compared with that measured by using gate diode technique.

Field-induced phase transitions in chiral smectic liquid crystals studied by the constant current method

In ferroelectric liquid crystals, phase transitions can be induced by an electric field. The current constant method allows these transition to be quickly localized and thus the（E, T） phase diagram of the studied product can be obtained.In this work, we make a slight modification to the measurement principles based on this method. This modification allows the characteristic parameters of ferroelectric liquid crystal to be quantitatively measured. The use of a current square signal highlights a phenomenon of ferroelectric hysteresis with remnant polarization at null field, which points out an effect of memory in this compound.

Numerical Solution of MHD Convection and Mass Transfer Flow of Viscous Incompressible Fluid about an Inclined Plate with Hall Current and Constant Heat Flux

The present numerically study investigates the influence of the Hall current and constant heat flux on the Magneto hydrodynamic (MHD) natural convection boundary layer viscous incompressible fluid flow in the manifestation of transverse magnetic field near an inclined vertical permeable flat plate. It is assumed that the induced magnetic field is negligible compared with the imposed magnetic field. The governing boundary layer equations have been transferred into non-similar model by implementing similarity approaches. The physical dimensionless parameter has been set up into the model as Prandtl number, Eckert number, Magnetic parameter, Schmidt number, local Grashof number and local modified Grashof number. The numerical method of Nactsheim-Swigert shooting iteration technique together with Runge-Kutta six order iteration scheme has been used to solve the system of governing non-similar equations. The physical effects of the various parameters on dimensionless primary velocity profile, secondary velocity profile, and temperature and concentration profile are discussed graphically. Moreover, the local skin friction coefficient, the local Nusselt number and Sherwood number are shown in tabular form for various values of the parameters.

Multi-stage constant current charging strategy considering SOC intervals and voltage thresholds

Conventional multi-stage constant current charging strategies often use higher multiples of current to charge the battery in pursuit of shorter charging times.However,this leads to an increase in battery temperature,while shortening the charging time.This in turn affects the safety of the charging process.Furthermore,the higher charging currents are not ideal for shortening the charging time in the later stages of charging.To solve the aforementioned problems,in this study,a multi-stage constant current charging strategy is presented.This strategy can shorten the battery charging time by using the increase in battery temperature during the charging process as a constraint,using a genetic algorithm to calculate the charging current value,and investigating the phased approach to charging.Finally,the charging strategy is experimentally validated at different ambient temperatures and different initial SOCs.The experimental results show that the charging strategy proposed in this paper not only reduces the amount of calculations,but also reduces the temperature rise by up to 46.4%and charging time by up to 4.2%under different operating conditions.

An improved analysis method of constant-current charge/discharge curves and its application to nickel hydroxide electrode

The derivative of charge and discharge curves (d t /d E vs E plot) can be used to describe the charge and discharge process more exactly. The d t /d E ? 獷 plots of nickel hydroxide electrode at different charge/discharge rates and intermittent discharge experiment are discussed. Though the d t /d E ? 獷 plot is affected by many factors, it clearly has intrinsic relation with the nature of active material such as conductivity and thermodynamic potential of active material, which changes with the state of charge. The d t /d E—E plot can also be applied to other electrochemical active materials, especially to those having several phases during charge or discharge.

An Adaptive Response Compensation Technique for the Constant-Current Hot-Wire Anemometer

An adaptive response compensation technique has been proposed to compensate for the response lag of the constant-current hot-wire anemometer (CCA) by taking advantage of digital signal processing technology. First, we have developed a simple response compensation scheme based on a precise theoretical expression for the frequency response of the CCA (Kaifuku et al. 2010, 2011), and verified its effectiveness experimentally for hot-wires of 5 μm, 10 μm and 20 μm in diameter. Then, another novel technique based on a two-sensor probe technique—originally developed for the response compensation of fine-wire thermocouples (Tagawa and Ohta 1997;Tagawa et al. 1998)—has been proposed for estimating thermal time-constants of hot-wires to realize the in-situ response compensation of the CCA. To demonstrate the usefulness of the CCA, we have applied the response compensation schemes to multipoint velocity measure- ment of a turbulent wake flow formed behind a circular cylinder by using a CCA probe consisting of 16 hot-wires, which were driven simultaneously by a very simple constant-current circuit. As a result, the proposed response compensation techniques for the CCA work quite successfully and are capable of improving the response speed of the CCA to obtain reliable measurements comparable to those by the commercially-available constant-temperature hot-wire anemometer (CTA).

基于频率切换实现恒流/恒压输出的电场耦合无线电能传输系统

电场耦合无线电能传输(electric-field coupled wireless power transfer,EC-WPT)技术的实际应用中,有些用电设备需要系统具有不同的恒定输出特性(恒流/恒压),即系统输出电压或输出电流与负载解耦,此外,系统还需具备在恒流、恒压模式间按需切换的功能。针对该需求,基于LC-CLC谐振网络提出1种具有恒流/恒压输出特性的EC-WPT系统,分析LC-CLC谐振网络特性,推导恒流/恒压输出特性的实现条件以及恒流频率和恒压频率的计算方法,并给出系统参数设计方法,分析系统对工作频率的敏感性。最后通过仿真和实验验证所提出的EC-WPT系统恒流/恒压输出特性及其参数设计方法的正确性和有效性。实验结果表明所提出的系统在输入电压恒定的不同负载工况下分别实现2 A的恒流输出以及96 V的恒压输出,其最大传输效率分别为87.83%及88.17%。

基于改进型ZVT Buck电路的IPT充电系统设计

为了避免在感应式无线电能传输系统的耦合机构中增加多余的开关器件以及额外的无源元件,同时减小系统工作在高频率、大功率时全控型开关器件存在的开关损耗,提出基于改进型ZVT Buck电路闭环控制的方法实现对电池的恒流、恒压充电,通过分析改进型ZVT Buck电路的工作模态以及对电路参数的设计,确保在整个充电过程中DC-DC变换器均工作在软开关状态,最后搭建充电电流为35 A、充电电压为370 V的实验平台验证该方法的可行性。结果表明:该方法控制简单,并且降低了系统电路结构的复杂度,传输效率相对较高,能够满足恒流恒压充电需求。

基于自抗扰控制的圆纬机恒张力输纱控制系统设计

针对当前圆纬机积极式送纱方式中存在的纱线张力及输送速度不可任意调节、纱线张力波动大等问题,提出了一种可为圆纬机输送恒定张力纱线的输纱控制系统。构建了以无刷直流电动机速度环为内环、以纱线张力为外环的纱线恒张力双闭环反馈控制系统,通过自抗扰控制技术获取纱线实时动态指标,并对无刷直流电动机目标转速进行调整,最后通过磁场定向控制技术驱动无刷直流电动机。详细阐述了纱线张力的形成机制、纱线恒张力输送控制方案、系统硬件设计及控制算法。输纱测试表明,该控制系统可实现多种类型纱线的恒定张力输送。其中,棉纱张力波动标准差为1.5 cN(300 m/min测试条件),氨纶包芯纱的张力波动标准差为0.33 cN(240 m/min测试条件)。输纱速度的调节范围为0~600 m/min,纱线张力的控制范围为2.0~50.0 cN。

基于级联式整流电源的恒流均压控制方法

针对电磁探测的大功率电磁场激发需要,文中采用输入并联输出串联的级联式整流电源,提高输出电压等级,保证激发功率。为了满足电磁探测过程中输出电流的稳定性,提出了基于双闭环的恒流均压控制算法。分析了级联式直流电源恒流均压输出的原理,建立了电源的数学模型,设计了电压电流环的控制器,在MATLAB/Simulink中搭建仿真模型并通过控制器参数优化从而降低误差。级联式直流电源由于上下两部分可能存在器件参数不同的情况,这就导致在恒流控制下两级电源输出电压不同,在动态情况下的偏差会更大从而引起器件不均压而损坏,因此在考虑控制恒流输出的同时需要加入控制均压输出。通过对输出电流电压进行采样,经控制器转换为相应的脉冲触发所对应的开关器件从而实现恒流均压输出。仿真结果显示输出电流控制在2 A,电流变化在5%以下。

恒流源三侧向电阻率测井模块研制及应用

为进一步提高砂岩型铀矿地层电阻率参数在测井解释中的应用效果,尤其是对泥砂泥交互薄层的精细测量与识别,研究了基于OPA547放大器的恒流源三侧向电阻率测井模块,通过设计以OPA547为恒流激励源的数字激励控制电路,实现了正弦激励信号的恒流输出;设计了正弦检测信号的恒流反馈电路,实现恒流源的负反馈稳定输出;设计了交流电压检测电路,实现了交流信号的低通滤波与信号半波整流;最后,在实验室利用标准刻度器进行了研制模块的系数刻度,且在砂岩型铀矿钻孔进行了实际测井应用对比。经对比分析,研制的恒流源三侧向电阻率测井模块能够与砂岩铀矿综合测井中的其他参数组合使用,输出激励电流可调,对岩性及岩性界面具有较高的识别能力,对于交互薄层、钙质夹层等地层岩性变化的响应显示明显。

液晶汽车仪表LED背光硬件电路分析与设计

为了使液晶汽车仪表的背光灯在受到外界电气干扰的情况下能够保持稳定的输出电流、亮度不发生变化,对已使用的三种汽车仪表LED背光电路进行了研究和分析,提出了一种稳定性较高的硬件电路设计——仪表LED恒流源电路。该电路可通过调节精密电阻值来调节LED背光灯的亮度,设计方案简单、调整电流便捷、成本较低,在液晶汽车仪表市场中具有较高的应用价值。

一种CC/CV平滑切换的宽输出电压充电电路

目前多种动力蓄电池凭借着能量密度高、续航里程长和可循环使用等优势,在新能源汽车领域得到了广泛应用。针对当前以谐振电路为基础构建复合变换器应用于蓄电池充电存在输出电压范围、模式间切换、效率等不同问题,提出了一种四开关Buck-Boost与电容钳位LLC级联复用式变换器作为充电电路。该电路增益曲线的容性区和感性区均可工作,宽调频范围的容性区具有恒流特性,感性区的最佳谐振点具有恒压特性,利于实现蓄电池恒流恒压充电控制。频率与占空比的解耦控制拓宽了变换器的输出电压范围,且负载阻抗连续变化下电压增益连续,利于实现蓄电池恒流恒压平滑切换及满足不同电池充电控制方案,宽增益下的宽调控范围可减少输出纹波。拥有桥臂间移相软开关、复用桥臂增强软开关能力和降低通态电流、变压器低磁链及最终移动于最佳谐振点工作等电路特性,利于实现电能高效传输。仿真与实验结果验证了充电电路全程满足ZVS、ZCS的恒流恒压控制及充电模式间平滑切换特性。

恒压恒流交互模式对AZ31B镁合金微弧氧化陶瓷膜组织与性能的影响

为探究恒压与恒流相互叠加模式对AZ31B镁合金微弧氧化膜层组织与性能的影响,利用AZ31B镁合金为基材,在电解液和电参数相同的前提下,采用恒流、恒压、先恒流再恒压、先恒压再恒流4种不同电源工作模式在AZ31B镁合金表面制备微弧氧化陶瓷膜。采用扫描电镜(SEM)、电化学工作站、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、高温摩擦磨损机等检测手段,对AZ31B镁合金微弧氧化陶瓷膜层进行测试。结果表明:基材经微弧氧化处理后,表面生成微弧氧化陶瓷膜。在先恒流再恒压(0.7 A/6 min+400 V/4 min)电源模式下制备的微弧氧化陶瓷膜的MgO、MgF_(2)以及Mg_(2)SiO_(4)等强化相的峰值比其他模式下制备的膜层高;膜层表面平整,微孔小且分布均匀,致密性较好,膜层与基体紧密结合;相对于其他模式下的膜层,其被磨穿时长最长,材料的耐磨性得到提升;其腐蚀电位相对于基体,从-1.4974 V增加到-1.3769 V,腐蚀速率从0.0091 mm/a降低到0.0020 mm/a,耐腐蚀性显著提升。

计及电缆绝缘不均匀老化的接地电流相位角特性研究

交联聚乙烯(XLPE)电力电缆广泛应用于配电网和输电网,但它们在持续的电应力下遭受长期的老化退化,电缆老化容易造成绝缘击穿事故。为了提升电缆绝缘老化状态的在线评估技术,基于PSCAD建立了计及电缆绝缘不均匀老化的三芯管型电缆接地电流相位角计算模型,通过快速傅里叶变换FFT变化得到单相不均匀老化、双相不均匀老化、三相均匀老化3类情况的接电线电流相位角特性。结果表明:相比于钢铠接地线电流,屏蔽线电流相角对于老化特性的反应更为灵敏;对于单相老化,介电常数由2增加为5,屏蔽线电流相位角从-51.01°递增为-50.6°;对于双相老化,随老化程度增加,相位角增幅逐渐增大;对于三相均匀老化,相比于正常电缆的屏蔽线电流相角增值为0.24°,同时相比于介电常数同为2.8的单相老化与双相老化的屏蔽线电流相角增值为最大(单相老化为0.15°、双相老化为0.17°);通过屏蔽线电流相位幅值,不仅可以判断电缆绝缘是否老化,还可区分老化相别与老化程度。本研究结果可为通过地线电流相位角评估电缆绝缘老化等级提供重要理论依据。

一种抑制连续换相失败的定关断角加速控制方法

针对逆变侧交流故障引发高压直流输电系统连续换相失败问题,通过分析首次换相失败恢复过程中的电气量和控制量变化规律,明确了恢复过程中定电流、定关断角、电流偏差控制器之间配合不当是引发连续换相失败的重要原因。同时,在不对称故障后,由交流负序电流引起的直流2次谐波电流会导致控制切换点滞后,增加连续换相失败的风险。基于此,提出了一种能增强控制器配合效果的定关断角加速控制方法。该方法能根据换相恢复过程自适应投切,利用关断角偏差动态调整关断角控制指令值,提前实现控制切换,降低切换后不当控制影响。同时,通过陷波器降低谐波电流从而减弱触发角波动对控制器切换的不利影响。该方法能提升控制器间配合效果,提升直流系统抵御连续换相失败能力。在CIGRE标准测试模型中,验证了理论分析的正确性和优化方法的有效性。

基于栅极限流的SiC MOSFET栅电荷测试方案

SiC MOSFET是一种高性能的电力电子器件,其开通/关断过程中积累/释放的栅电荷Q_(g)对MOSFET的开关速度、功率损耗等参数有重要影响。通常采用在栅极设置恒流源驱动,对时间进行积分的方法来测量Q_(g)。为了降低驱动复杂度,提高测试结果精度和可视性,基于双脉冲测试平台的感性负载回路,改用耗尽型MOSFET限制栅极电流实现恒流充电,对SiC MOSFET进行测试。同时利用反馈电阻将较小的栅极电流信号转换为较大的电压信号。实验结果表明:在误差允许范围(±5%)内该测试方案能较为准确地测得SiC MOSFET的Q_(g),测试结果符合器件规格书曲线。

数字式交流恒流源传导电磁干扰抑制方法

数字式交流恒流源中大量功率开关器件的使用产生了严重的传导电磁干扰(EMI)噪声,为了抑制交流恒流源传导EMI噪声,此处设计了一种基于耦合电感的EMI滤波器。该滤波器由耦合电感模块和差模电容等部分构成,利用耦合电感模块等效出的共模负电容抵消恒流源系统寄生电容,阻断噪声传导路径,抑制交流恒流源输入侧共模噪声,利用等效出的共模正电容与差模电感抑制恒流源输出侧噪声。实验结果表明,该EMI滤波器能显著抑制恒流源输入侧和输出侧的传导EMI噪声,且使用较少的元器件,有效减小了滤波器体积及成本。