Under ideally polarizable conditions, TiO2 film electrode/solution electrolyte interface exhibited frequency dispersion, The effects of external factors such as the concentration of KNO3, various electrolytes and appl...Under ideally polarizable conditions, TiO2 film electrode/solution electrolyte interface exhibited frequency dispersion, The effects of external factors such as the concentration of KNO3, various electrolytes and applied potentials near the flat band potential on the CPE behavior of TiO2 film electrode were studied in electrolyte solution by using A.C. impedance spectra. It was found that concentration of KNO3 had a significant effect on the CPE exponent n only when the concentration is smaller than 0.1 mol· L－ 1. In this concentration range, the CPE exponent n went up with increase of KNO3 concentration, once the concentration was larger than this value, however, the CPE exponent n approached to a constant, irrelevant of the concentration. Near the flat band potential, the influence of applied potential on the exponent n depended on the selected frequency range. When the frequency was in lower range, that is smaller than 0.1 Hz, this influence was obvious,on the other hand, it bore no relation to applied potential in higher frequency. Types of electrolytes only affected the CPE constant Q, having nothing to do with the CPE exponent n.展开更多
A century ago the classical physics couldn’t explain many atomic physical phenomena. Now the situation has changed. It’s because within the framework of classical physics with the help of Maxwell’s equations we can...A century ago the classical physics couldn’t explain many atomic physical phenomena. Now the situation has changed. It’s because within the framework of classical physics with the help of Maxwell’s equations we can derive Schrödinger’s equation, which is the foundation of quantum physics. The equations for energy, momentum, frequency and wavelength of the electromagnetic wave in the atom are derived using the model of atom by analogy with the transmission line. The action constant A0 = (μ0/ε0)1/2s02e2 is a key term in the above mentioned equations. Besides the other well-known constants, the only unknown constant in the last expression is a structural constant of the atom s0. We have found that the value of this constant is 8.277 56 and that it shows up as a link between macroscopic and atomic world. After calculating this constant we get the theory of atoms based on Maxwell’s and Lorentz equations only. This theory does not require knowledge of Planck’s constant h, which is replaced with theoretically derived action constant A0, while the replacement for the fine structure constant α-1 is theoretically derived expression 2s02 = 137.036. So, the structural constant s0 replaces both constants h and α. This paper also defines the stationary states of atoms and shows that the maximal atomic number is equal to Zmax = 137. The presented model of the atoms covers three of the four fundamental interactions, namely the electromagnetic, weak and strong interactions.展开更多
文摘Under ideally polarizable conditions, TiO2 film electrode/solution electrolyte interface exhibited frequency dispersion, The effects of external factors such as the concentration of KNO3, various electrolytes and applied potentials near the flat band potential on the CPE behavior of TiO2 film electrode were studied in electrolyte solution by using A.C. impedance spectra. It was found that concentration of KNO3 had a significant effect on the CPE exponent n only when the concentration is smaller than 0.1 mol· L－ 1. In this concentration range, the CPE exponent n went up with increase of KNO3 concentration, once the concentration was larger than this value, however, the CPE exponent n approached to a constant, irrelevant of the concentration. Near the flat band potential, the influence of applied potential on the exponent n depended on the selected frequency range. When the frequency was in lower range, that is smaller than 0.1 Hz, this influence was obvious,on the other hand, it bore no relation to applied potential in higher frequency. Types of electrolytes only affected the CPE constant Q, having nothing to do with the CPE exponent n.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(10935007,11305180)the National Program on Key Basic Research Project of China(973 Program)(2009CB825200,2015CB856700)
文摘A century ago the classical physics couldn’t explain many atomic physical phenomena. Now the situation has changed. It’s because within the framework of classical physics with the help of Maxwell’s equations we can derive Schrödinger’s equation, which is the foundation of quantum physics. The equations for energy, momentum, frequency and wavelength of the electromagnetic wave in the atom are derived using the model of atom by analogy with the transmission line. The action constant A0 = (μ0/ε0)1/2s02e2 is a key term in the above mentioned equations. Besides the other well-known constants, the only unknown constant in the last expression is a structural constant of the atom s0. We have found that the value of this constant is 8.277 56 and that it shows up as a link between macroscopic and atomic world. After calculating this constant we get the theory of atoms based on Maxwell’s and Lorentz equations only. This theory does not require knowledge of Planck’s constant h, which is replaced with theoretically derived action constant A0, while the replacement for the fine structure constant α-1 is theoretically derived expression 2s02 = 137.036. So, the structural constant s0 replaces both constants h and α. This paper also defines the stationary states of atoms and shows that the maximal atomic number is equal to Zmax = 137. The presented model of the atoms covers three of the four fundamental interactions, namely the electromagnetic, weak and strong interactions.
