Calculations Energy of the (<i>nl</i>²) ¹<i>L^π</i>Doubly Excited States of Two-Electron Systems via the Screening Constant by Unit Nuclear Charge Formalism

In this work, the total energies of doubly excited states (ns2) 1Se, (np2) 1De, (nd2) 1Ge, (nf2) 1Ie, (ng2) 1Ke, and (nh2) 1Me of the helium isoelectronic sequence with Z ≤ 10 are calculated in the framework of the variational method of the Screening Constant by Unit Nuclear Charge (SCUNC). These calculations are performed using a new wavefunction correlated to Hylleraas-type. The possibility of using the SCUNC method in the investigation of high-lying Doubly Excited States(DES) in two-electron systems is demonstrated in the present work in the case of the (nl2) 1Lπ doubly excited states, where accurate total energies are tabulated up to n = 20. All the results obtained in this paper are in agreement with the values of the available literature and may be useful for future experimental and theoretical studies on the doubly excited (nl2) 1Lπ states of two-electron systems.

Why Zeldovich Failed to Estimate the Precise Value of Cosmological Constant in Planck Unit?

To meet the cosmological constant problem, we studied the Zeldovich’s proposed solution and evaluated here why he estimated the theoretical value of this constant larger by over 120 orders of magnitude in Planck mass;by theoretically deriving his empirically proposed equation thoroughly. We reported that the mathematical expression of Planck unit is numerically imbalanced thus its numerically incorrect expression, therefore, in this unit he predicted its extreme value and cosmological constant problem persisted there. A modification in this unit has been suggested, subsequently it modified the Zeldovich’s proposed expression and this modified expression estimated the precise value of this cosmological constant later. These findings imply that if the mathematical expression of Planck unit was correct he would have estimated the precise value of this constant alone.

抽油机井恒功率变频控制系统研究

抽油机作为陆上油田最重要的机械采油装备之一,近年来已发展出一系列的变频节能技术,但其研究主要集中在硬件方面,缺乏相关基础理论,导致现场应用普适性差,应用效果参差不齐。为此,研究有杆泵变频测控机理,优选了主要部件,对测试数据提出了要求,形成了有杆泵抽油变频控制系统。构建BP神经网络系统对正常井和漏失、柱塞碰泵、气体影响等异常井进行识别,分类提出变频计算模型:考虑负扭矩和抽油机冲次界限等建立了正常井恒功率变频计算模型,实例对比分析了变频后抽油机速度、加速度变化规律,产液量一定时,负功功率和有功功率分别下降了65%和44%。建立了上行程漏失的异常井变频计算模型,针对性地提高上行程冲次,形成“上快下慢”运行模式。实例计算表明:该系统缩短上行程时间2.6 s,较好地解决有杆泵上行程漏失和变频节能的问题。研究成果可为抽油机变频技术提供理论支持,对油田节能和提产具有指导意义。

量子测量技术内涵与发展

量子时代以研究量子基本特性为重点,以应用量子基本特性为手段,实现量子通信、量子测量、量子计算等功能,这将对世界科技、经济、政治、社会治理等产生深远而重大的影响。该文通过分析量子测量技术发展过程、量子测量基本技术内涵、量子测量本质特征以及主要技术特点等,提出未来量子测试的发展趋势以及量子测量的重要应用场景,供社会各界参考。

计及多储能单元出力水平的风功率波动平抑控制方法

在风电场侧配置电池储能是缓解风电功率波动、提高风电可调控性的有效途径。为满足风功率波动平抑要求,提出了一种计及多储能单元出力水平的风功率波动平抑控制方法,充分考虑多储能单元实时出力能力,在兼顾功率平抑目标的同时实现减小储能电池能量调用、各储能单元充放电切换次数、放电深度及荷电状态波动区间。首先分析了滤波时间常数对风功率平抑效果以及储能功率分配方法对各单元荷电状态变化的影响;其次引入超短期风功率预测,根据风功率预测数据建立滤波时间常数优化模型,得到滤波时间常数最优解以及最小储能功率指令;然后分析了各储能单元出力水平与功率平抑需求的影响,进一步提出了一种分层复合式储能单元功率分配方法,实现了多储能单元的功率指令分配,避免了各储能单元频繁与过度充放电,有利于延长使用寿命;最后以湖南省某实际风电场为例,通过实际算例验证了所提方法的有效性。

多联机在超高标准接待项目中的应用

阐述了某超高标准接待项目暖通空调系统的设计特点,从分析落实业主对该项目的主要设计要求入手,介绍了室内设计参数优化、冷热源方案、系统划分、计算与验算、振动噪声控制、备用性及其他细部设计;重点介绍了三管制热回收高显热多联机+直膨式恒温恒湿新风机组+地暖方案在该项目中的应用,为超高标准接待项目及温湿度独立控制空调系统的设计提供了新的解决思路和案例。

基于PI控制的内燃动车组柴油机恒功率控制技术

柴油机在非恒功率输出时,不仅燃料效率低,而且可能会产生较大的机械应力,导致机械部件的磨损和破坏。为确保内燃动车组柴油机高效运行,基于内燃动车组柴油发电机组恒功率输出的运行模式,文章提出了一种比例-积分控制方法,实现了负载侧牵引系统功率稳定跟随柴油发电机组的输出功率目标值,通过负载侧恒功率运行保障发电机组的恒功率稳定输出,从而提高柴油机燃油经济性。经过仿真及试验测试验证,采用此控制方法,负载功率稳态波动在±2%以内,实现了内燃动车组柴油机恒功率运行及负载功率对目标值的实时跟随。

不可压缩流体与可压缩流体的阀门流量系数之间的联系

每个阀门最重要的内在参数应该是流量系数C_(v)(或K_(v)),由于存在两种流体——不可压缩流体(液体)和可压缩流体(气体),相应地建立了两个公式用于C_(v)的计算。然而这两个公式似乎是独立的,甚至在两个计算公式中C_(v)的物理单位和量纲都不相同,让人怀疑同一个阀门可能需要两个流量系数来表征。本文详细讨论了两个公式之间的关系,发现它们之间存在简单联系:只要把可压缩流体(气体)近似为理想气体,那么就可以由不可压缩流体的C_(v)计算公式推导出可压缩流体的C_(v)计算公式,这也意味着同一个阀门只需要一个流量系数C_(v)来表征。本文针对C_(v)计算公式中单位制混乱的问题,对涉及到的所有物理量单位进行了讨论,并在文章最后改进了以往使用的常数N因子,使C_(v)成为一个无量纲的物理量。

梳棉除尘系统恒压吸风智能控制技术

为保证清梳联连续稳定生产、减少资源浪费,介绍梳棉除尘系统的组成,分析管网、除尘机组、梳棉除尘系统存在能耗高、智能化程度低、设备开停频繁启动、滤尘器间歇控制等不足及原因,提出除尘系统进行恒压吸风智能控制改造思路,即在除尘主风机加装变频器、梳棉负压主管道端加装压力变送器和负压保护装置,在除尘机组增加管网控制装置,在集尘风机加装软启动,改进滤网收集系统等方案;通过对比除尘系统改造前后的实际效果,表明改造后梳棉机恒压为800 Pa~900 Pa,用电量减少5.68%。指出:应用梳棉除尘系统恒压吸风智能控制技术,可实现人机智能控制,达到稳定吸风工艺质量的效果,用电效率提高、用电成本降低,保护电机、节能降耗。

Measurement Quantization Unites Classical and Quantum Physics

Unifying quantum and classical physics has proved difficult as their postulates are conflicting. Using the notion of counts of the fundamental measures—length, mass, and time—a unifying description is resolved. A theoretical framework is presented in a set of postulates by which a conversion between expressions from quantum and classical physics can be made. Conversions of well-known expressions from different areas of physics (quantum physics, gravitation, optics and cosmology) exemplify the approach and mathematical procedures. The postulated integer counts of fundamental measures change our understanding of length, suggesting that our current understanding of reality is distorted.

确定裂隙岩体渗透系数张量的一维环单元模型研究

裂隙岩体的渗透张量确定一直是渗流领域研究的重点。本文基于广义达西定律,提出一种新型空间一维环单元模型来计算三维裂隙岩体的渗透张量,该模型简化了以往复杂的三维面状流模型。通过解析法和数值模拟法对一维环单元模型的合理性进行验证,并利用面单元模型校核该模型的精度。结果表明:对于同一裂隙岩体,环单元模型计算得到的渗透张量,与现场压水试验校核过的数据相比,误差在合理范围之内,与面单元模型计算得到的结果相比,基本相同;环单元模型是一种可行、精度高且实用的简化模型,比面状流模型简单,在计算渗透张量时能极大地减小运算规模,优化了算法。研究成果可为确定裂隙岩体的渗透张量提供新思路。

Empirical Approach for Planning and Designing Constant Stress Accelerated Life Tests

Accelerated life testing(ALT)has been widely used to obtain information about the product's life characteristics at normal conditions in a relatively short period of time.Two key issues with ALT are test design and data analysis.The test design of constant stress ALT was studied in this paper.The test design usually combines engineering experiences with optimization models.Such approaches are hard to be implemented by practitioners.A"pure"empirical approach was presented to address this issue.With the proposed approach,some of the decision variables are determined based on the results from the literature,some of the other variables are determined based on engineering analysis and /or judgment,and the remaining variables are determined based on the empirical relations developed in this paper.A real-world example is included to illustrate the appropriateness of the proposed approach.

High Accuracy When Measuring Physical Constants: From the Perspective of the Information-Theoretic Approach

The practical value of high-precision models of the studied physical phenomena and technological processes is a decisive factor in science and technology. Currently, numerous methods and criteria for optimizing models have been proposed. However, the classification of measurement uncertainties due to the number of variables taken into account and their qualitative choice is still not given sufficient attention. The goal is to develop a new criterion suitable for any groups of experimental data obtained as a result of applying various measurement methods. Using the “information-theoretic method”, we propose two procedures for analyzing experimental results using a quantitative indicator to calculate the relative uncertainty of the measurement model, which, in turn, determines the legitimacy of the declared value of a physical constant. The presented procedure is used to analyze the results of measurements of the Boltzmann constant, Planck constant, Hubble constant and gravitational constant.

New Discovery on Planck Units and Physical Dimension in Cosmic Continuum Theory

In 1899, Max Planck integrated the Planck constant h with the gravitational constant G and the speed of light c, discovered a set of physical constants, and created Planck Units System. Since 20th century, the development of physics made the gravitational constant, the speed of light, and the Planck constant the most important fundamental constants of physics representing classical theory, relativity, and quantum theory, respectively. Now, the Planck Units have been given new physical meanings, revealing the mysteries of many physical boundaries. However, more than 100 years have passed, Planck Units System not only failed to get rid of the incompatibility between the basic theories of physics, but also cannot surpass the limitations of existing physics theories. In Cosmic Continuum Theory, physical dimensions can be transformed under the principle of equivalence. Planck units system not only integrates into the axiom system of Cosmic Continuum Theory, but also establishes a benchmark for the unity of physical dimensions. The introduction of the abstract physical dimensions “JX” and “XJ” makes the physical dimension of existence quantity and dimension quantity unified respectively.

超超临界机组高温再热器出口管道线状偏离分析

某660 MW机组超超临界机组高温再热器出口管道发生线状偏离,部分恒力弹簧支吊架已处于极限位置。分析管道线状偏离的原因,并且结合位移-荷载测试,通过模拟对运行状态下管道的应力分布进行研究。结果表明:大量恒力弹簧支吊架荷载偏差度及恒定度显著超标,管道冷态位移与现场实测偏离值相吻合;模拟得到运行状态下的管道一次应力、二次应力普遍增加,并且部分节点的二次应力超过允许值。管道弹簧支吊架荷载性能不达标,造成管道自重与支吊架承载能力不匹配,是管道发生线状偏离的主要原因,建议对不合格支吊架进行更换,同时加强管道支吊系统的日常监督管理。

微电网并网后火电机组机炉温度恒定控制方法探讨

微电网并网后会使电网火电机组机炉温度受到负荷变化干扰出现波动,从而影响微电网的安全运行。为有效控制微电网并网后的火电机组机炉温度,提出微电网并网后火电机组机炉温度恒定控制方法。分析了影响火电机组机炉温度控制的相关影响因素,并根据分析结果建立了影响因素扰动下的温度控制对象模型,确定控制器设计过程的相关初始参数;基于确定的参数,结合牛顿力学控制原理完成温度恒定控制器的设计,在已知温度变量阶次的前提下,实现温度的负反馈补偿处理,将被控对象温度输出轨迹控制在期望输出轨迹上,从而实现火电机组机炉温度恒定控制。测试结果表明:使用上述方法能够在较短时间内将火电机组机炉温度控制为期望恒定温度,控制性能良好。

抽水蓄能机组小波动等幅振荡特性与工况点的关联规律

抽水蓄能机组的动态调节稳定性是电站参与电网调峰调频、支撑新能源消纳的关键,而机组在小波动过渡过程工况中的等幅振荡特性,是研究系统稳定性及稳定临界工况的要点。本文采用抽水蓄能机组调节系统的小波动数学模型,运用MATLAB仿真分析工况点的稳定余量,阐释了系统关键时间常数对等幅振荡工况点的影响,揭示了等幅振荡特性与工况点的关联规律。结果表明:水流惯性时间常数Tw的增大使系统等幅振荡工况点的位置向单位转速增大方向移动,机组惯性时间常数Ta的增大使系统等幅振荡工况点的位置向单位转速减小方向移动;随着工况点单位转速的增大,等幅振荡的幅值减小,频率增大;随着工况点开度的增大,等幅振荡的幅值增大,频率减小;Tw对频率的影响呈负相关;Ta对振幅的影响呈负相关。

Unleashing the Power of Information Theory: Enhancing Accuracy in Modeling Physical Phenomena

When building a model of a physical phenomenon or process, scientists face an inevitable compromise between the simplicity of the model (qualitative-quantitative set of variables) and its accuracy. For hundreds of years, the visual simplicity of a law testified to the genius and depth of the physical thinking of the scientist who proposed it. Currently, the desire for a deeper physical understanding of the surrounding world and newly discovered physical phenomena motivates researchers to increase the number of variables considered in a model. This direction leads to an increased probability of choosing an inaccurate or even erroneous model. This study describes a method for estimating the limit of measurement accuracy, taking into account the stage of model building in terms of storage, transmission, processing and use of information by the observer. This limit, due to the finite amount of information stored in the model, allows you to select the optimal number of variables for the best reproduction of the observed object and calculate the exact values of the threshold discrepancy between the model and the phenomenon under study in measurement theory. We consider two examples: measurement of the speed of sound and measurement of physical constants.

基于PLC技术的矿井潜水泵机组恒压自动控制方法

由于传统潜水泵人工控制方式效率较低,导致机组运行过程中产生不必要的电能消耗,提出基于可编程逻辑控制(Programmable Logic Controll,PLC)技术的矿井潜水泵机组恒压自动控制方法。建立矿井潜水泵电机的数学模型作为理论依据,确定矿井潜水泵机组恒压自动控制参数作为数据基础,设计一个包含比例微积分调节结构的PLC控制器,实现矿井潜水泵机组恒压自动控制。实验结果表明:所提方法控制下的矿井潜水泵机组电压裕度值一直处于0.5°~1°范围内,控制时间为0.22 s,验证了该方法的有效性。

应用IMOABC空调房间CO_(2)浓度二自由度内模分数阶PI控制性能的研究

由于定风量空调机组(Constant Air Volume Air Handling Unit, CAVAHU)输出的新风量往往是固定的,当空调房间内的额定人员数量超员或不足时,会导致空调房间CO_(2)浓度测量值Cn高于室内CO_(2)浓度设定值Cn=Cn,set或新风负荷增大的状况。对此提出了一种空调房间CO_(2)浓度二自由度内模分数阶PI控制策略和设计改进多目标人工蜂群算法(Improved Multi-Objective Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm, IMOABCA)对控制器参数实施整定的思路。首先,基于人工蜂群算法,分别对雇佣蜂和观察蜂引入自适应惯性权重和精英组策略,进行非线性递减和柯西变异的演变,并结合观察蜂搜索特性,将最小粒子角度引入外部档案集,获取相应的Pareto解集,设计IMOABCA,进而对控制器的3个参数进行整定,获得相应的最优值。最后,借助MATLAB工具,对该室内CO_(2)浓度的二自由度内模分数阶PI控制系统进行组态和仿真。结果表明:该室内CO_(2)浓度二自由度内模分数阶PI控制系统和IMOABCA是可行的,能够实现Cn=Cn,set的调节目的和获取控制器的3个参数最优值,提升室内CO_(2)浓度的调节品质。