Constructing Electron Microscope Labs: Challenges and Solutions

The construction of advanced laboratories for precision instruments, such as electron microscopes, involves unique challenges that are influenced by the specific environmental conditions required for optimal functionality. These include mitigating interference from magnetic fields and vibrations, which are critical for maintaining the precision and accuracy of the instruments used. This study aims to offer enhanced project management strategies and detailed construction solutions that address the environmental and technical needs specific to electron microscopy labs, thereby facilitating effective lab operations and extending the lifecycle of high-end precision instruments. Case studies of existing laboratory constructions, onsite investigations, and comprehensive reviews of the technical and environmental requirements provide the basis for a best practice for constructing sophisticated electron microscopy labs. The approach integrates both pre-construction planning and post-construction adjustments to create optimal operational environments. The findings suggest that successful lab constructions are those that incorporate thorough onsite assessments, strategic location choices, and the use of advanced construction materials and techniques specifically designed to counteract environmental challenges like magnetic and vibration interferences. Actionable guidelines for both planning and executing the construction of electron microscope labs highlighted in this tutorial are intended as an important resource to troubleshoot or upgrade existing lab facilities and to consult in preparation of future lab construction projects.

Rapid Constructing a Genetic Linkage Map by AFLP Technique and Mapping a New Gene tms5

In this study, we reported the repaid construction of a molecular marker linkage map of rice (Oryza sativa L.). An F-2 population from the cross between Annong S-1 and Nanjing 11 was used to construct a genetic linkage map of rice. Total of 142 newly screened AFLP markers and 30 anchor markers (25 SSR markers and 5 RFLP markers) were mapped on the 12 chromosomes covering 1537.4 cM of rice genome. The average interval between these markers was 9.0 cM. The total work which usually was finished in more than one year was finished within only 3 months by one person. This is the first plant AFLP map developed in China. A new thermosensitive genic male sterile gene in rice, tms5, was Egged and mapped onto chromosome 2 during the development of the linkage map.

Analysis on the Necessity and Feasibility of Implementing the Strategy of "Protecting Farmland in Flatland Areas and Constructing Mountainous Cities" in Yunnan Province

Yunnan is one of the most typical mountalnous provinces in western Chi-na. For the geographical features of mountalnous areas accounting for most parts and fIatIand areas accounting for smal parts, the contradiction between farmIand protection and construction guarantee is very prominent. In the first half of 2011, Yunnan Province estabIished creativeIy the strategy of ＆quot;protecting farmIand in fIat-Iand areas and constructing mountalnous cities＆quot; （hereinafter referred to as the strat-egy of ＆quot;constructing mountalnous cities＆quot;）, which was almed at protecting effectiveIy the Iimited and high quality arabIe Iand resources in fIatIand area and providing new construction area for new type of urbanization and industrialization, so as to achieve win-win situation between arabIe Iand protection and urbanization deveIopment. Im-pIementing this strategy in Yunnan Province is feasibIe, malnIy in the Iarge deveIop-ment potentials in the gentIe gradient between 8° to 25°. The gentIe sIope area be-tween 8° to 25° occupies 51% of the total Iand area in Yunnan Province, which is almost 140 times of the area of urban construction Iand in Yunnan in 2009. The surrounding areas of fIatIand or maln town in most counties （cities, regions） dis-tribute with different sizes of Iow hiI s and gentIe sIopes, thus mountalnous construc-tion Iand reserves are abundant, which benefits for impeI ing the strategy of ＆quot;con-structing mountalnous cities＆quot; in the Iight of Iocal conditions.

Study on Urban Construction Land Suitability Evaluation in Southwestern Mountainous Areas of Yunnan Province Based on the Strategy of "Protecting Farmland in Flatland Areas and Constructing Mountainous Cities" : A Case in Lianghe County

According to the particularity of towns＇ construction in the southwestern mountainous areas of Yunnan Province, this study has built constructive land suit- ability evaluation index system which is different to flat area. Then this study deter- mined single evaluation factors index and comprehensive suitability index using ＂ex- treme conditions method＂ and ＂suitability index method＂, and analyzed and assessed the constructive land suitability on each evaluation unit polygons and its suitability level by using GIS software. Taking Lianghe County of Dehong Dai-Jingpo Au- tonomous Prefecture as an example to evaluate land suitability in Lianghe County＇s main towns around the gentle slope, the results show, in the evaluation area, the area of land suitable for construction and unsuitable for construction respectively ac- count 73.58% and 26.42%. And first-class, second and third-class of land suitable for construction should be composited at the ratio of about 11：49：40. The suitability evaluation index system and method developed in this paper is applicable for evalu- ating the construction land suitability in mountainous areas of southwest Yunnan Province, and will provide theoretical and technical support for land policy measures which strengthen the protection of farmland and promote the scientific development of urbanization in Yunnan Province and even similar mountainous areas of the whole China.

The Scale of Constructing Mountainous Cities in Yunnan Province based on “Benchmark” Farmlands

In 2011, Yunnan provincial committee and government proposed the strat- egy of constructing mountainous cities in order to protect farmlands and guarantee crop safety, which makes full use of hills and gentle-slopes and transforms land use pattern. However, social and economic development performs unevenly in Yun- nan, supplemented by varied geographical conditions, so that constructing mountain- ous cities should proceed as per local conditions. The research proposed the con- trol of constructing mountainous cities provided crop safety under the principle of farmland protection and measured the quantities of demanded construction lands ac- cording to science of population prediction and ekistics, based on which the control scales of constructing mountainous cities were determined by multiplying basic farm- land coefficient and the area of newly increased construction lands. The research is of significance for guiding the construction of mountainous cities and avoiding the occupation of construction lands on farmlands.

针刀干预后颈椎病大鼠头夹肌成纤维细胞生长因子家族及其受体的表达

背景:针刀是治疗颈椎病的有效方法,临床疗效确切,但其关键分子机制尚不明晰。目的:观察针刀干预对颈椎病大鼠头夹肌成纤维细胞生长因子家族及其受体激酶插入域蛋白受体表达的影响,分析针刀治疗颈椎病的作用机制。方法:通过检索GEO数据库,获取符合该研究的芯片数据集GSE153761,采用生物信息学方法进行靶标初筛,然后进行动物实验。选取6月龄SPF级SD大鼠24只,随机均分为4组。模型组和针刀组大鼠采用动静力失衡性颈椎病造模方法制备颈椎病大鼠模型;假手术组不切断肌肉及韧带;针刀组造模成功后采用针刀干预,每周1次,共3次;并以正常大鼠作为对照。拍摄颈椎正侧位X射线片进行模型验证;旷场实验观察大鼠行为学变化;苏木精-伊红染色观察头夹肌病理结构;荧光定量PCR法和免疫组化法分别检测头夹肌成纤维细胞生长因子家族及其受体激酶插入域蛋白受体mRNA及蛋白的表达情况。结果与结论:①生物信息学结果表明成纤维细胞生长因子家族/激酶插入域蛋白受体是激活磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶/蛋白激酶B上游的重要信号轴。②造模后大鼠椎间隙变窄,椎体前后缘、关节突骨质增生。③旷场实验中,造模后大鼠总距离、平均速度降低(P<0.05),总休息时间延长(P<0.05);治疗后针刀组大鼠总距离、平均速度大于模型组(P<0.05),总休息时间短于模型组(P<0.05)。④头夹肌病理提示颈肌受损,而针刀可改善颈肌劳损。⑤与正常组比较,模型组大鼠头夹肌成纤维细胞生长因子7、成纤维细胞生长因子9、成纤维细胞生长因子10、成纤维细胞生长因子18和激酶插入域蛋白受体mRNA及蛋白表达均升高(P<0.05);与模型组比较,针刀组以上指标均降低(P<0.05)。⑥结果说明,针刀可能通过调节成纤维细胞生长因子7、成纤维细胞生长因子9、成纤维细胞生长因子10、成纤维细胞生长因子18及其受体激酶插入域蛋白受体的表达,修复劳损颈肌,从而改善椎间盘退变,这可能是针刀治疗颈椎病的关键靶点。

免疫细胞介导不同脂质与膝骨关节炎的相关性:欧洲个体全基因组关联分析

背景:观察性研究发现脂质与免疫细胞对于骨关节炎进展具有双重影响,但其具体作用机制尚不清楚。目的:探究脂质与膝骨关节炎的因果关系是否受免疫细胞调控。方法:179种脂质来源于Linda Ottensman数据库,从Open GWAS上获取到了731种免疫细胞相关的单核苷酸多态性作为工具变量,膝骨关节炎的全基因组关联研究数据来自于骨关节炎遗传学联盟。首先采用双样本孟德尔随机化方法从遗传学角度分别探讨脂质与膝骨关节炎、免疫细胞与膝骨关节炎、脂质与免疫细胞的因果关系。另外采用贝叶斯加权孟德尔随机化验证脂质与膝骨关节炎的因果关系,反向孟德尔随机化和Steiger方向性检验评估正向关系。随后进行敏感性分析,包括Cochran’s Q检验消除异质性,MR-PRESSO全局检验和MR-Egger截距排除水平多效性,留一法评估单个单核苷酸多态性驱动因素对随机估计的影响。最后,通过两步孟德尔随机化方法确定特定免疫细胞性状在脂质与膝骨关节炎因果关系中的中介效应。结果与结论:①逆方差加权法和贝叶斯加权算法共同确定8种与膝骨关节炎存在因果关系的脂质种类;②Cochran’s Q、MR-PRESSO和MR-Egger截距结果均无统计学意义(P<0.05);③同时共计算得出了3组中介关系,介导比例最低为11.85%,最高为45.48%;④提示免疫细胞水平在脂质与膝骨关节炎的调节进程中发挥潜在作用,这一发现能为深入探索膝骨关节炎的作用机制提供新的视角。

α7烟碱型乙酰胆碱受体与阿尔茨海默病的关系

背景:α7烟碱型乙酰胆碱受体在大脑皮质和海马高度表达,并在阿尔茨海默病的病理发展过程中起重要调控作用,是阿尔茨海默病治疗的潜在靶点。目的:总结α7烟碱型乙酰胆碱受体和阿尔茨海默病的密切关系和相互作用机制。方法:检索中国知网、PubMed数据库中相关文献,中文检索词为“α7烟碱型乙酰胆碱受体,阿尔茨海默病,β-淀粉样蛋白,激动剂,正变构调节剂,拮抗剂”;英文检索词为“alpha 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor,Alzheimer’s disease,beta amyloid protein,agonist,positive allosteric modulator,antagonist”,文献检索时限为各数据库建库至2024年7月,依据入选标准对检索结果进行录用或排除,最终纳入符合标准的83篇文献进行综述。结果与结论:α7烟碱型乙酰胆碱受体通过与β-淀粉样蛋白的相互作用减轻β-淀粉样蛋白的神经毒性,如促进阿尔茨海默病的突触可塑性和胆碱能突触的快速传递、减轻β-淀粉样蛋白诱导的神经中枢炎症反应、抵抗神经细胞凋亡,从而对阿尔茨海默病患者的脑具有保护作用等。α7烟碱型乙酰胆碱受体作为阿尔茨海默病治疗靶标具有很大的潜能,但是又存在一系列问题有待解决,比如α7烟碱型乙酰胆碱受体的脱敏性、适度活性稳定性及基因多态性等问题。筛选高特异、安全性和以α7烟碱型乙酰胆碱受体为核心的多靶点结合作用的药物,将成为未来阿尔茨海默病治疗研究的一个方向。

敏感环境下地下水池基坑围护施工技术

杨树浦水厂深度处理改造工程具有地质条件复杂、场地工况敏感、施工组织及环境保护要求高等特点。结合周边建筑物密集,且离运营中的文保工业建筑最近距离仅为15 m的特点,从支撑选型、回填及降水、土方开挖等方面介绍了敏感环境下地下水池处理改造基坑围护施工技术,有效地保障了重大工程的高效、安全实施,为今后类似环境下地下结构建造涉及到的基坑施工提供了借鉴和参考。

智慧健康管理平台设计

智慧健康管理是解决公共健康问题的重要对策,本研究针对我国突出的健康问题,基于三级甲等医院的优质医疗资源,构建智能医学知识库和模型库,研发智慧健康管理平台。通过健康自测、风险预测、健康教育、健康评估、智能咨询、综合干预、签约医生服务等智能辅助功能,支撑对40种法定传染病的早期监测和预警,实现对常见的260种疾病的智能化管理;平台的健康评估、智能咨询、综合干预、签约医生服务面向参保人群开放,通过这些功能实现健康评价、健康分类管理、个性化健康计划、健康干预等全流程服务管理,为改善健康状况、降低疾病发病率、提升健康水平提供帮助。

Problems of Rural Food Safety and Strategies of Constructing Supervision System

This paper expounds the practical necessity of constructing diversified rural food safety supervision system as follows: it is the necessary requirements of guaranteeing people's health and life safety; it is an important component of governmental function of social management and the logical extension of administrative responsibilities; it is the basis of maintaining order of rural society and constructing harmonious society. The main problems existing in the supervision of rural food safety are analyzed as follows: first, the legislative work of rural food safety lags behind to some extent; second, the supervision of governmental departments on rural food safety is insufficient; third, the industrial supervision mechanism of rural food security is not perfect; fourth, the role of rural social organizations in supervising food safety is limited; fifth, the farmers' awareness of food safety supervision is not strong. Based on these problems, the targeted strategies of constructing diversified rural food safety supervision system are put forward as follows: accelerate the legislation of rural food safety, and ensure that there are laws to go by; give play to the dominant role of government, and strengthen administrative supervision on rural food safety; perfect industrial convention of rural food safety, and improve industrial supervision mechanism; actively support the fostering of social organizations, and give play to the role of supervision of organizations; cultivate correct concept of rights and obligations of farmers, and form awareness of food safety supervision.

鸢尾素、运动、疾病与健康的新关联

背景:鸢尾素在机体生理调节中发挥着至关重要的作用,能够促进白色脂肪组织细胞的棕色化进程,并且在能量代谢调节、产热活动、氧化应激削减及体质量减轻等方面具有显著作用。目的:梳理鸢尾素与相关疾病的最新研究进展。方法:应用计算机检索PubMed、MedReading、Web of Science、中国知网、万方、维普数据库,文献检索时限为2011-01-01/2024-04-13,搜集相关运动产生鸢尾素对疾病影响的研究,中文检索词为“鸢尾素,运动,疾病”等,英文检索词为“irisin,physical exercise,FNDC5,disease”等。通过纳入与排除标准,最终纳入71篇文献进行综述。结果与结论:鸢尾素在抗炎、脂肪代谢、骨代谢、大脑健康、癌症、糖尿病、心血管疾病及肾脏病等方面均有重要作用。运动可以促进鸢尾素的表达,并且不同运动形式对鸢尾素水平的影响不同,急性运动、长期运动、阻力及高强度运动均可提升鸢尾素水平。鸢尾素的发现为运动疗法提供了新的潜在基础,因鸢尾素多种生物学功能成为很有前途的治疗靶点,在治疗人类代谢性疾病及其并发症、肥胖、癌症等疾病中展现出潜在治疗价值。在临床应用方面,鸢尾素作为治疗肥胖、认知功能、心血管、癌症等疾病的潜在靶点,有一定应用前景。但鸢尾素的具体作用机制尚不明确,并且可能存在不良反应,未来需深入了解其作用机制,为鸢尾素治疗肥胖、认知功能障碍、心血管疾病、癌症等提供更充分的依据。

Fusing Fixed and Hint Landmarks on Crowd Paths for Automatically Constructing Wi-Fi Fingerprint Database

In typical Wi-Fi based indoor positioning systems employing fingerprint model,plentiful fingerprints need to be trained by trained experts or technician,which extends labor costs and restricts their promotion.In this paper,a novel approach based on crowd paths to solve this problem is presented,which collects and constructs automatically fingerprints database for anonymous buildings through common crowd customers.However,the accuracy degradation problem may be introduced as crowd customers are not professional trained and equipped.Therefore,we define two concepts:fixed landmark and hint landmark,to rectify the fingerprint database in the practical system,in which common corridor crossing points serve as fixed landmark and cross point among different crowd paths serve as hint landmark.Machinelearning techniques are utilized for short range approximation around fixed landmarks and fuzzy logic decision technology is applied for searching hint landmarks in crowd traces space.Besides,the particle filter algorithm is also introduced to smooth the sample points in crowd paths.We implemented the approach on off-the-shelf smartphones and evaluate the performance.Experimental results indicate that the approach can availably construct WiFi fingerprint database without reduce the localization accuracy.

Constructing Non-binary Asymmetric Quantum Codes via Graphs

The theory of quantum error correcting codes is a primary tool for fighting decoherence and other quantum noise in quantum communication and quantum computation. Recently, the theory of quantum error correcting codes has developed rapidly and been extended to protect quantum information over asymmetric quantum channels, in which phase-shift and qubit-flip errors occur with different probabilities. In this paper, we generalize the construction of symmetric quantum codes via graphs (or matrices) to the asymmetric case, converting the construction of asymmetric quantum codes to finding matrices with some special properties. We also propose some asymmetric quantum Maximal Distance Separable (MDS) codes as examples constructed in this way.

Research on prevention and cure against heat-harm in constructing mines

With the mine exploitation depth getting deeper and deeper, the mine heat-harm turns into another natural disaster after the five disasters, which are the roof, the gas, the fire, the dust and the flood disaster. Compared with other researches on prevention and cure against the heat-harm, the research on prevention and cure against the heat-harm in constructing mine are less. Referring to the experience of prevention and cure against the heat-harm home and ＇abroad, analyzing the characteristic of cooling in the constructing mine, and based on the ground former freezing equipments and the modified mine temporary cooling equipments, the paper proposed four technical projects. By comparing with the four technical projects, the second project is preponderant both in technology and economy and can solve the heat-harm of the constructing mine, which is proved by the forecast and calculation. The project can be widely applied in de-temperature tasks of high temperature and heat-harm mines during the mine constructing period and in the exploiting preparing phase.

不同方式shaker训练过程中健康成人舌骨肌群激活程度的差异

背景:Shaker训练可增强舌骨肌群的收缩力,对口咽性吞咽障碍的治疗效果显著。Shaker训练应通过颈前部主要发力以达到训练舌骨肌群的目的,但患者常因疲劳易导致腹部发力代偿,不同发力方式的shaker训练对健康成人舌骨肌群激活程度的影响目前尚不明确。目的:探讨不同发力方式的shaker训练对健康成人舌骨肌群激活程度的影响。方法:纳入20名健康成人受试者(男10名、女10名),平均年龄为(26.8±3.4)岁。使其按照顺序分别采用颈前部与腹部主要发力进行shaker训练的等长运动,同时实时采集舌骨上、下肌群及腹直肌活动的表面肌电信号,并在训练结束后采用Borg自觉疲劳量表对每种发力方式的疲劳程度进行评估。对原始肌电信号进行一系列处理后,计算舌骨上、下肌群和腹直肌在60 s运动窗口内的峰值振幅和/或平均振幅值并进行对比分析,同时比较两种发力方式所对应主观疲劳评分的差异。结果与结论:①腹部发力所对应腹直肌平均振幅值高于颈部发力(P<0.05);②两种发力方式相比,舌骨上肌群的平均振幅、峰值振幅以及舌骨下肌群的平均振幅、峰值振幅均未见显著差异(P>0.05),Borg自觉疲劳量表评分在两种发力方式之间亦未见显著差异(P>0.05);③结果提示,不同发力方式(颈前部和腹部)的shaker训练对健康成人舌骨肌群激活程度的影响没有显著差异,且疲劳感相似。

安氏Ⅱ类错[牙合]畸形佩戴Twin-block矫治器时上颌骨的应力分布

背景:Twin-block矫治器常用于安氏Ⅱ类错[牙合]畸形的矫治,其刺激下颌骨生长的作用机制已得到许多研究证实,但对上颌骨生长的影响尚不清楚。目的:通过有限元法分析安氏Ⅱ类错[牙合]畸形患者佩戴Twin-block矫治器时上颌骨复合体、周围骨缝及上颌牙列的应力分布。方法:选择在山东省康复大学青岛医院/青岛市市立医院口腔正畸科进行正畸治疗的安氏Ⅱ类错[牙合]畸形患者1例,测量患者佩戴Twin-block矫治器时的咬合力数据,采集其锥形束CT数据,建立包含上颌骨复合体、周边各骨缝、Twin-block矫治器及上颌牙列在内的有限元模型,通过ABAQUS软件模拟患者戴入Twin-block时上颌骨、骨缝及上颌牙列的应力分布与位移。结果与结论:①上颌前牙受到的等效应力明显小于后牙,两侧牙齿的最大等效应力分别为4.7975 MPa和8.7161 MPa,均位于第一前磨牙处;最大位移呈现在两侧上颌切牙处,分别为0.0805 mm和0.0810 mm;②骨缝的最大等效应力为1.284 MPa,主要集中在两侧翼腭缝及额颌缝,其余骨缝受力情况几乎无差异;骨缝的最大位移为0.07 mm,其中翼腭缝的位移量最大,其次是额颌缝;③上颌骨复合体受到的最大等效应力为27.18 MPa,主要集中在上颌骨前面梨状孔两侧、鼻额缝周边及颚骨后部翼腭缝附近;上颌骨的最大位移值为0.07 mm,主要集中于上颌牙槽骨;④结果显示,咬合力通过Twin-block矫治器作用于上颌骨复合体,导致上颌骨顺时针旋转、牙合平面变陡,应采取相应措施补偿这种趋势,例如建牙合过程中考虑上颌磨牙伸长、下颌磨牙压低,不仅能够将牙合平面整平,同时有利于下颌前伸,这将进一步提高Ⅱ类错[牙合]正畸治疗效果。

Rational Thoughts on Reconstructing Rural Resident's Living Style

The construction of rural residents＇ living style is the fundamental significance of building the new socialist countryside. With the deep development of the urban and rural, rural residents＇ living style has changed profoundly on the labour, consumption, entertainment, marriage and family, etc., and the differences of living style between the urban and rural are becoming smaller and smaller. Therefore, this paper suggested to promote the rural residents to build the scientific, cultural and healthy modern life style, and put forward the rational development thoughts.

不同时间按压刺激对大鼠骨骼肌形态学及肿瘤坏死因子α、核因子κB的影响

背景:研究发现不同时间长度按压点刺激正常肌肉,将产生不同的生理反应。目的:探讨在不同时间机械压力按压下,大鼠骨骼肌内炎性因子肿瘤坏死因子α及核因子κB表达的变化。方法:健康SPF级SD雄性大鼠20只,随机分为空白对照组、10 s按压组、20 s按压组及30 s按压组,每只大鼠的单侧右腿用于实验。空白对照组不予干预,各按压组大鼠经2%戊巴比妥钠(35 mg/kg)腹腔注射麻醉后,使用自制机械压力装置,将压强固定在200 kPa,分别持续按压大鼠股薄肌10,20,30 s,随后即刻取右后肢按压处肌肉组织。苏木精-伊红染色观察骨骼肌组织形态学变化及肌纤维横截面积的变化,免疫组织化学检测骨骼肌肿瘤坏死因子α及核因子κB表达水平。结果与结论:①苏木精-伊红染色结果显示,各按压组大鼠骨骼肌肌纤维排列松散,肌纤维横截面积和直径变小,骨骼肌间隙变大。与空白对照组相比,各按压组骨骼肌肌纤维的横截面积显著减小(P<0.05),3个按压组之间骨骼肌肌纤维的横截面积差异无显著性意义(P>0.05)。10 s按压组肌纤维间隙中未见明显红细胞,20 s按压组间隙中出现少量红细胞,30 s按压组骨骼肌肌纤维间毛细血管扩张,间隙中出现红细胞。②30 s按压组的骨骼肌肿瘤坏死因子α的表达水平显著高于空白对照组(P<0.05)。③各组间的骨骼肌核因子κB的表达水平比较差异无显著性意义(P>0.05)。④结果说明,压强固定在200 kPa时,骨骼肌经过按压会发生形态学变化,肌纤维横截面积减少,但按压10,20,30 s骨骼肌形态学及骨骼肌纤维横截面积无显著差异。随着时间点的变化,按压骨骼肌至30 s时,炎性因子肿瘤坏死因子α启动,但对核因子κB没有影响,推测短时间内炎性因子可出现表达,而转录因子未见明显变化。

A Study of the European Union’s Path for Constructing Digital Governance Rules and the Logical Implications of the Path

The European Union(EU)seeks to build a Europe fit for the digital age.For this purpose,the EU has accelerated the process of catching up with digital technology and issued a number of legal and regulatory documents to establish a digital governance rule regime with EU characteristics.This paper analyzes the EU’s path towards the construction of digital governance rules.This path is composed of three aspects,i.e.,strict digital supervision,differentiation of the free market,and multi-stakeholder governance.This three-step path has intrinsic logical implications.That is,strict digital supervision is applied to defend the EU’s unified market and values;differentiation of the free market takes the principle of adequate protection as the core to make the EU an exporter of rules;multi-stakeholder governance brings multiple stakeholders together in the governance to deal with the ethical anomie that arises during the use of big data.By setting up a series of digital governance rules,the EU seeks to achieve rule dominance to gain regulatory power for global digital governance.However,due to multiple constraints,there is a long way to go,and there are obstacles in the way.