Neural mechanism of proposer's decision-making in the ultimatum and dictator games

Previous studies have demonstrated that reactions to unfair offers in the ultimatum game are correlated with negative emotion. However, little is known about the difference in neural activity between a proposer＇s decision-making in the ultimatum game compared with the dictator game. The present functional magnetic resonance imaging study revealed that proposing fair offers in the dictator game elicited greater activation in the right supramarginal gyrus, right medial frontal gyrus and left anterior cingulate cortex compared with proposing fair offers in the ultimatum game in 23 Chinese undergraduate and graduate students from Beijing Normal University in China. However, greater activation was found in the right superior temporal gyrus and left cingulate gyrus for the reverse contrast. ＂The results indicate that proposing fair offers in the dictator game is more strongly associated with cognitive control and conflicting information processing compared with proposing fair offers in the ultimatum game.

The modulation recognition based on decision-making mechanism and neural network integrated classifier

A neural network integrated classifier(NNIC) designed with a new modulation recognition algorithm based on the decision-making tree is proposed in this paper.Firstly,instantaneous parameters are extracted in the time domain by the coordinated rotation digital computer(CORDIC) algorithm based on the extended convergence domain and feature parameters of frequency spectrum and power spectrum are extracted by the time-frequency analysis method.All pattern identification parameters are calculated under the I/Q orthogonal two-channel structure,and constructed into the feature vector set.Next,the classifier is designed according to the modulation pattern and recognition performance of the feature parameter set,the optimum threshold is selected for each feature parameter based on the decision-making mechanism in a single classifier,multi-source information fusion and modulation recognition are realized based on feature parameter judge process in the NNIC.Simulation results show NNIC is competent for all modulation recognitions,8 kinds of digital modulated signals are effectively identified,which shows the recognition rate and anti-interference capability at low SNR are improved greatly,the overall recognition rate can reach 100%when SNR is12dB.

Patient Participation in Communication about Treatment Decision-Making for Localized Prostate Cancer during Consultation Visits

Objectives: To describe the communication behaviors of patients and physicians and patient par-ticipation in communication about treatment decision-making during consultation visits for local-ized prostate cancer (LPCa). Methods: This is a secondary analysis of data from 52 men enrolled in the usual care control group of a randomized trial that focused on decision-making for newly diagnosed men with LPCa. We analyzed the patient-physician communication using the transcribed audio-recordings of real-time treatment consultations and a researcher-developed coding tool, including codes for communication behaviors (information giving, seeking, and clarifying/ verifying) and contents of clinical consultations (health histories, survival/mortality, treatment options, treatment impact, and treatment preferences). After qualitative content analysis, we categorized patient participation in communication about treatment-related clinical content, including “none” (content not discussed);“low” (patient listening only);“moderate” (patient providing information or asking questions);and “high” (patient providing information and asking questions). Results: Physicians mainly provided information during treatment decision consultations and patients frequently were not active participants in communication. The participation of patients with low and moderate cancer risk typically was: 1) “moderate and high” in discussing health histories;2) “low” in discussing survival/mortality;3) “low and moderate” in discussing treatment options;4) “none and low” in discussing treatment impacts;and 5) “low” in discussing treatment preferences. Conclusions: Findings suggest opportunities for increasing patient participation in communication about treatment decision-making for LPCa during clinical consultations.

China’s Consultation Mechanisms during Social Transition——Speech at the Symposium on the Tenth Founding Anniversary of the Tokyo Foundation

I am happy to attend this symposium at the invitation of the Tokyo Consortium. China and Japan are close neighbors, separated only bya narrow strip of sea. Exchanges have been frequent between the Chinese and Japanese peoples since ancient times. In striving for modernization,

Fuzzy synthetic evaluation on layoff mechanism for human resource

According to the modern theory of human resource management, the condition of buyout mainly depends on two variables of an employee: his interior value of product and exterior work reward. There exist shortages in evaluating the value of the employees in an enterprise. Consequently, a lot of employees might be laid off. Hence, this paper puts forward a two-stage method for decision-making to carry out a selective plan of buyout, based on the fuzzy synthetic evaluation involing many factors impacting on human resource. Moreover, a positive analysis is also given.

Use of Research Evidence in Policy and Decision-Making: Views, Attitudes and Practices of Health Policy Makers in Lusaka Province of Zambia

Background: The integration of relevant high-quality research evidence into the health decision and policy formulation process is a key strategy for improving health systems especially in developing countries such as Zambia. However, the lack of capacity to understand and value research evidence by policy and decision makers makes it difficult for them to find and use research evidence in a timely manner even when motivated to do so. This study aimed to establish the views, attitudes and practices of policy makers on the use of research evidence in policy and decision-making process in Zambia. Methodology: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in Lusaka, Zambia among selected public health decision and policy making institutions. A purposive sample of 21 consenting policy makers who were working in different positions in the Ministry of Health Headquarters, Provincial and District Health Offices, Health Professions Regulatory Bodies, United Nations Agencies, International Non-Governmental Organizations and University Deans from the University of Zambia participated in the study. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. The IBM? SPSS? Statistics for Windows Version 20.0 was used for data analysis. Results: The concept of Evidence Informed Health Policy was not well understood such that only less than half (47.5%) of the participants reported having heard specifically about Evidence Informed Health Policy meanwhile almost two thirds (61.9%) reported that they used research evidence in decision making and policy formulation. Similar discrepancy was expressed in the understanding of and use of rapid response mechanisms such that although (47.6%) of the participants reported having heard about it, (57%) had never used rapid response mechanisms for deci-sion-making. With regard to the sources of information, about half (52.3) of the participants reported scholarly articles as their main source of evidence. Con-clusion and Recommendations: There is need for more sensitization and ca-pacity building among the decision and policy makers on the importance of using research evidence in decision and policy making process as incorporation of relevant high-quality research evidence into the health policy making pro-cess is a key strategy for improving health systems.

Moving Towards a Potential Conflict Resolution Mechanism Under the APSCO Framework:A Proposed Legal Mechanism

Competition among countries has evolved from just on Earth but into space as space technology and space power is a key attribute in the world today.Today space technology has spread,due to the enormous develop-ment,into every sector of life in the Earth for the beneft of mankind.Every country has the ambition to be a part of the space itiative.Asia Pacific Space Cooperation Organization(APSCO)is an organization that tries to promote space acivities through cooperation in the Asia Pacific region.This paper attempts to explore the nature and categories of potential conflict that may arise under the APSCO framework program.Furthermore,it also endeavors to establish an effective and better dispute settlement mechanism under the overal APSCO framework.Finally,this paper introduces the institutional framework and working procedures of the arbitration body for future smooth cooperation and space exploration by APSCO.

面向科技现代化开展高质量科技战略咨询

加快实现科技现代化,离不开高质量科技战略咨询。科技战略咨询需要有效服务于科技现代化发展要求,为科技创新体系建设、创新驱动发展战略实施、人才强国战略实施、推进经济社会高质量发展等提供战略决策建议。需要重视问题导向、系统思维、发展理念、可行对策导向等共性问题,开展高质量科技战略咨询工作。在组织实施方面,需要重视理论与方法研究,科学地管理与利用数据,持续完善科技战略咨询制度与机制,树立创新自信和科技文化自信,提升科技战略咨询的能力。

数据确权协商机制的构建——基于生成场景的多元化

作为新型生产要素,数据的重要性不言而喻,但权属不清或产权不明影响数据效能发挥,阻碍数字经济发展。就概念界定而言,数据是信息的载体和表现形式,二者通过数字技术相互联结、相互贯通。现行规则下,无论是物权法模式,还是知识产权法模式,抑或是竞争法模式,都存在明显弊端,实不足取。究其根本,数据是一种生成品,其生成场景表现出多元化特征。鉴于此,数据产权应当归数据来源者和处理者等参与数据生成的主体所有,并且可以通过构建分散式、低成本的协商机制加以确定。与此同时,为保证确权协议格式条款的协商属性,宜对数据进行分类分级。一方面,以数据来源者为标准,将数据分为个人数据、企业数据以及公共数据;另一方面,以数据安全风险为标准,将数据分为由低风险至高风险的五级数据。

政协协商与党的领导有效衔接的机制分析——以H市N区政协工作实践为例

政协协商是社会主义协商民主建设的重要渠道,党的领导是人民政协最大的政治优势,二者统一于社会主义现代化和国家治理体系建设的实践中。基于人民政协的职能履行和党的领导优势的发挥来解读中国之治的内在运行机制,从价值体系、制度体系和行动体系三个维度探析政协协商与党的领导有效衔接机制,从而更好地把制度优势转化为治理效能,具有重要的理论和实践意义。本文将政协协商与党的领导有效衔接机制归纳总结为宏观价值层面的深度心理认同机制、中观制度层面的稳定结构保障机制和微观行动层面的灵活策略选择机制,并借助H市N区政协工作的创新实践来进一步佐证二者如何在价值、制度和行动三个维度上实现有效衔接,进而从全国层面概览二者存在衔接不紧密的现象并探究其根源,最后尝试从上述三个维度提出优化二者有效衔接机制的建议。

新型农村传播体系建设的公共性逻辑

媒体参与农村现代化治理,对于推动农村振兴、实现农民共同富裕有着重要的现实意义。传统单向宣传模式下,媒体参与农村现代化治理面临着功能失调、结构失衡、行为失范、方式阙如等一系列困境,这些问题掣肘了媒体参与农村社会治理的功能释放。究其根源,传统传播体系是以工具性为核心的功能定位,忽略了农村社会、文化需求和利益诉求。文章认为,以公共性为核心的公共利益发声与公共准则协商机制在满足农民基本需求、防范农村社会风险和促进农村社会健康和谐发展等方面起着关键作用。

中国农村基层协商民主制度变迁研究——基于理性选择制度主义视角

农村基层协商民主制度建设是凸显全过程人民民主在广大农村地区治理优势的必然要求,它既是乡村治理的重要内容,也是实现治理有效的关键路径。以理性选择制度主义为视角对农村基层协商民主制度进行研究,根据理性选择制度主义的3种典型制度模式,对农村协商民主制度的子集进行类型划分,突出不同制度集合具有的作为集体决策规则、嵌入委托代理结构的功能性特征,基层试点与顶层设计相结合的总体性特征及强调配套制度辅助、注重程序机制设计的现时性特征,从而弥补当前农村协商民主制度类型学研究的不足。在农村协商民主制度演变过程中,环境设定、利益驱动、主体推动、绩效评价形成了其结构性逻辑,而供需匹配下的制度创新、绩效驱动下的制度扩散、偏好稳定下的制度设计构成了农村协商民主制度变迁的主要内容。在“制度—行为”分析视角下,农村基层协商民主制度的变迁过程是由诸多制度创新点连接起来的,过程中伴随着制度的模仿与扩散,变迁所带来的结果则是全面的顶层制度安排。

医院数据中心的移动互联数据安全管控机制设计

文章设计了一种医院数据中心的数据安全管理机制,使其适用于当前面向公网移动端远程会诊的高可用、高可靠、高稳定性连接需求。通过对网络系统软硬件综合升级,使用广域网硬件加速系统、用户管理系统和通用防火墙系统提供综合管理机制,确保医院最大远程会诊数据通信需求和有限的企业专网带宽条件下,系统延迟稳定在可接受范围内,且在理论最大饱和攻击条件下,确保远程会诊功能的稳定执行。实际测试结果表明个案医院网络效能得到大幅度提升。

乡村治理中农村基层协商民主建设的三重维度

农村基层协商民主作为社会主义政治文明的基础性工程,是中国式现代化蕴含的独特民主观的生动实践,承载着将国家治理顶层设计嵌入农村基层社会的使命功能.乡村治理进程中推进农村基层协商民主建设,可以从主体、程序、机制等三重维度加以全面展开,不断完善农村基层协商民主体系.在主体建设维度上,把基层党组织、社会组织、农民群众等多元主体联动起来,形成协商民主的协同性合力;在程序建设维度上,把议题设计、信息公开、渠道畅通等各个环节统筹起来,确保协商民主的规范化运行;在机制建设维度上,把运行、监督、反馈等有机链条组建起来,促进协商民主的长效化发展.只有从多维度构建和发展农村基层协商民主的逻辑体系和运行样态,才能推动这一全过程人民民主的重要实践形式释放更大效能、彰显更大优势.

欧洲研究区跨区域协同创新治理举措及启示

协同创新共同体建设遇到的最大困难是跨区域协同治理问题,可以说治理机制是否有效直接决定跨区域协同创新效果。建设欧洲研究区是欧盟促进其成员国间跨区域协同创新的重要举措,目标是整合成员国创新资源和力量以提升欧盟整体创新竞争力。欧盟成员国创新能力不平衡,为实现各国有效跨区域协同治理,欧盟搭建了欧盟及其成员国和地区多层治理下的共同治理框架,通过设立欧洲研究区咨询建议机构、注重决策的民主化形成政策咨询建议机制,通过编制《欧洲研究区发展报告》《欧洲研究区发展路线图》和纳入“欧洲学期”构建监督机制,并开发基金工具、项目工具和各种对话机制等治理工具,在成员国间建立创新伙伴关系,推进各国创新资源、项目和政策的协同,提升欧盟治理能力、改善欧盟创新系统失灵问题。欧洲研究区加强创新能力发展不平衡地区间协同创新治理方面的经验对中国跨区域协同创新共同体建设,在加强不同层级主体共同治理、形成有效咨询建议机制、设计多种互补治理工具等方面带来有益启示。

结合全局信息增强的医学领域命名实体识别研究

中文医疗问诊文本中,由于口语化的不规则表达和专业术语的频繁出现,药物名称等实体难以被精准地识别出来。为了充分利用中文句子词间关系的重要作用,提出了一种用于增强全局信息的医学命名实体识别模型。模型利用注意力机制增强了词嵌入表征,并在使用双向长短时记忆网络的序列处理能力获取上下文信息的基础上,同时从两个方面丰富了句子的全局信息表示。其一是根据句法关系获取词语之间额外依赖关系构建了图卷积网络层用于丰富词间的依赖;其二是构建了辅助任务用于预测词间句法依赖关系的类别。在中文医疗问诊数据集上的实验结果表明,模型具有很好的竞争力,F1值达到94.54%。与其他模型相比,在药物和症状等实体类别的识别上取得了明显提高。在微博公开数据集上的实验也表明,模型具有通用领域的应用价值。

Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Corporate Leadership

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is transforming organizational dynamics, and revolutionizing corporate leadership practices. This research paper delves into the question of how AI influences corporate leadership, examining both its advantages and disadvantages. Positive impacts of AI are evident in communication, feedback systems, tracking mechanisms, and decision-making processes within organizations. AI-powered communication tools, as exemplified by Slack, facilitate seamless collaboration, transcending geographical barriers. Feedback systems, like Adobe’s Performance Management System, employ AI algorithms to provide personalized development opportunities, enhancing employee growth. AI-based tracking systems optimize resource allocation, as exemplified by studies like “AI-Based Tracking Systems: Enhancing Efficiency and Accountability.” Additionally, AI-powered decision support, demonstrated during the COVID-19 pandemic, showcases the capability to navigate complex challenges and maintain resilience. However, AI adoption poses challenges in human resources, potentially leading to job displacement and necessitating upskilling efforts. Managing AI errors becomes crucial, as illustrated by instances like Amazon’s biased recruiting tool. Data privacy concerns also arise, emphasizing the need for robust security measures. The proposed solution suggests leveraging Local Machine Learning Models (LLMs) to address data privacy issues. Approaches such as federated learning, on-device learning, differential privacy, and homomorphic encryption offer promising strategies. By exploring the evolving dynamics of AI and leadership, this research advocates for responsible AI adoption and proposes LLMs as a potential solution, fostering a balanced integration of AI benefits while mitigating associated risks in corporate settings.

日本环境公害治理协商机制探究

日本的环境公害治理协商机制能够发挥公共主体与私人主体的作用,实现公民、企业和政府三方的联动合作,推动环境治理进入健康有效的循环。而日本核污水排海非法行为充分暴露了日本的环境治理协商机制的虚伪性,表明该机制本质上仍是少数人的协商民主。尽管如此,21世纪之前的日本环境公害治理协商机制在对住民的政治身份认定、企业的积极性维护及环境教育体系的多元化搭建方面,对于中国的环境治理机制仍可以提供一定参考。

精细化管理在妇科日间手术开展中的应用

应用精细化管理帮助妇科日间手术的开展,日间手术是国家、医院、患者三方均收益的。南京医科大学附属淮安第一医院妇科日间手术于2023年2月正式开展,妇科日间手术的顺利开展,加快了妇科床位周转、降低了平均住院日及人均费用、提高了患者满意度。由于目前南京医科大学附属淮安第一医院妇科日间手术开展的时间较短,还需规范日间手术管理制度、完善日间手术诊疗流程、拓展日间手术信息平台,只有成立顺应医院学科发展的日间手术模式,才能有利于日间手术高效发展;同时,助力医院高质量发展。

推动“人民在场”:基层政协发展全过程人民民主的实践机理——基于华中W市基层政协“一线协商·共同缔造”工作的观察

在政策过程视角下,发展全过程人民民主在于促进政策过程的民主化。基层政协通过助力“民意输入—民意转换—政策输出”,在推动“人民在场”的基础上有效发展全过程人民民主。通过分析华中W市基层政协“一线协商·共同缔造”工作可以发现,基层政协通过建构精准化民意输入机制,参与性民意转换机制和监督性政策输出机制,在基层权力运行中塑造了“人民”有效“在场”的现实情境。在这一过程中,基层政协展现出在制度化基层民主空间寻求行动保障,在一致的治理目标中寻求民主主体汇聚和在职能嵌入中寻求治理流程民主化再造的运行逻辑。这些也为基层政协进一步发展全过程人民民主指明了方向。