Ordered mesoporous materials for water pollution treatment:Adsorption and catalysis

To meet the growing emission of water contaminants,the development of new materials that enhance the efficiency of the water treatment system is urgent.Ordered mesoporous materials provide opportunities in environmental processing applications due to their exceptionally high surface areas,large pore sizes,and enough pore volumes.These properties might enhance the performance of materials concerning adsorption/catalysis capability,durability,and stability.In this review,we enumerate the ordered mesoporous materials as adsorbents/catalysts and their modifications in water pollution treatment from the past decade,including heavy metals(Hg^(2+),Pb^(2+),Cd^(2+),Cr^(6+),etc.),toxic anions(nitrate,phosphate,fluoride,etc.),and organic contaminants(organic dyes,antibiotics,etc.).These contributions demonstrate a deep understanding of the synergistic effect between the incorporated framework and homogeneous active centers.Besides,the challenges and perspectives of the future developments of ordered mesoporous materials in wastewater treatment are proposed.This work provides a theoretical basis and complete summary for the application of ordered mesoporous materials in the removal of contaminants from aqueous solutions.

Effect of Quench Treatment on Fe/Mo Order and Magnetic Properties of Double Perovskite Sr_2FeMoO_6

A quench-treatment technique is used to prepare a high-quality polycrystalline sample of double perovskite Sr2FeMo06 （SFMO）. X-ray powder diffraction analysis reveals that the sample has a single phase and exhibits I4/m symmetry. The cation order η of the sample increases to 98.9（2）% from 94.2（3）%, which is prepared by the traditional sol-gel method. The initial magnetization isotherm of the sample is detected at 300 K. Unit-cell magnetization for the current sample is 1.332 #s at 300 K, and the one for the traditional sol-gel method sample is 0.946#9. Unit-cell magnetization is enhanced to 40.80% by the quench-treatment technique. Quench treatment is an effective method of enhancing the Fe/Mo order and magnetic properties of double perovskite SFMO.

Microstructure characterization and corrosion behavior of Mg-Y-Zn alloys with different long period stacking ordered structures

Mg-Y-Zn alloys with long period stacking ordered(LPSO)structure have received much attention recently and exhibit great potential in applications such as automotive,aerospace and in bio-medical fields.This paper aimed to investigate the effect of different phase constitution of LPSO structures on corrosion rate of bio-medical Mg-Y-Zn alloys.The results showed that as-cast Mg98.5Y1Zn0.5 alloys containing only 18R structure exhibited the highest corrosion resistance with the corrosion rate of 2.78 mm/year.The precipitation of 14H lamellas within a-Mg grains during solid solution treatment introduced the crystallographic orientation corrosion by accelerating micro-galvanic corrosion.The increase of 18R/14H interfaces deteriorated the corrosion resistance,and the grain boundaries also suffered from severe electrochemical dissolution.This work suggested that Mg-Y-Zn alloys with single LPSO structure(either 18R or 14H)exhibited better corrosion resistance than alloys with co-existence 18R and I4H LPSO structures.

Factors Affecting the Households’ Willingness-to-Pay for Wastewater Treatment in Agro-Food Processing Craft Villages, Nhue-Day River Basin, Vietnam

Industrialization is a major strategy of Vietnam for the development of the countryside. One such program is the promotion of craft villages that have been successful in increasing income levels that are 5 times more than those villages mainly engaged in agricultural production. However, while such programs have brought prosperity to these villages, they have ignored the adverse effects on the environment brought about by the wastewaters from the processing plants. Would these households involved in agro-food processing be willing to pay for the establishment of a wastewater plant to address the environmental problems? What factors would influence their willingness to pay? The results of the study among the selected households in Nhue-Day River Basin, Vietnam involved in agro-processing showed that the major factors affecting their willingness to pay for the establishment of a wastewater treatment plant are their level of education, quantity of households’ untreated wastewater, presence of young children who are more vulnerable to the adverse effects of pollution, experience of family members getting sick, households’ awareness of benefits from treated wastewater, capacity to pay, access to credit and membership in craft village’s Association. The study recommended that decisions on addressing environmental issues should be participatory to be able to take into consideration the socio-economic conditions of the stakeholders.

Optimal Selection and Control for Precipitation of α_2 Phase in Near α High Temperature Ti Alloys during Aging Treatment

The characteristic of the precipitation and growth of α2 ordered phase during aging treatment in near α Ti alloys have been investigated in terms of the influences of aging temperature, aging time and aging manner. The results exhibit that aging temperatures influence the distribution of α2 phase precipitated and cause the changes in growth speed of α2 phase. For various aging temperatures, the time to finish precipitation of α2 phase is different. The facts that various distribution characteristics and growth speed of α2 ordered phase are caused by changed aging condition imply optimal selection and control for precipitation of α2 ordered phase reachable. Some discussions on adoptable aging steps are presented.

Thermomechanical treatment of super high strength Cu-8.0Ni-1.8Si alloy

The microstructures and properties of Cu-8.0Ni-1.8Si alloy subjected to different heat treatments were examined by mechanical and electrical properties measurements,optical and transmission electron microscopes observation. The results show that the precipitation process during aging can be accelerated by the cold deforming before aging. As the Cu-8.0Ni-1.8Si alloy is subjected to solution treatment at 970 ℃ for 4 h,cold rolling to 60% reduction,and then aging at 450 ℃ for 60 min,its properties are σb=1 050 MPa,σ0.2=786 MPa,δ=3.2% and conductivity 27.9%(IACS). The strengthening mechanisms of the alloy include spinodal decomposition strengthening,ordering strengthening and precipitation strengthening. The precipitation of the alloy is nano-scale Ni2Si phase.

Characterization of phases in Mg-10Y-5Gd-2Zn-0.5Zr alloy processed by heat treatment

Characterizations of phases in Mg-10%Y-5%Gd-2%Zn-0.5%Zr （WGZ1052） alloy during heat treatments were investigated by OM, XRD, SEM and EDS. The mechanisms of microstrucmre evolution were discussed. The results show that, after high temperature heat treatments, the Mg12ZnY phases still exist. During solution-treatment at 535 ~C, the amount of the long-period stacking order structures decreases. At 545℃ for 20 h and 24 h, there are still remnant Mg12ZnY compounds in the Mg matrix, the shape of which does not change and the amount does not decrease obviously.

热和低温处理对淀粉长短程有序结构的影响及变化机理研究进展

淀粉中长短程有序结构的紧密排列、高度有序能使其表现出良好的热稳定性和抗酶解能力,因此淀粉处理过程中长短程有序结构的改变对其性质尤其是消化性能的影响成为研究热点之一。热和低温处理是淀粉基食品常见的处理方式,主要分别通过热效应和生成冰晶产生挤压破坏淀粉分子,断裂的淀粉结构随游离水的流动重排会影响淀粉长短程有序结构的含量和完整性,从而影响淀粉的糊化、流变、消化等性质。文中以湿热、韧化、干热、冻融、冻干这5种处理方式为主,综述了热和低温对淀粉长短程有序结构的影响,并从精细结构变化的角度阐述了影响机理,同时指出长短程有序结构的变化及其对淀粉理化及功能性质的影响,可为功能性淀粉基食品的开发提供思路和参考。

超声处理时间对莲藕淀粉理化和结构特性的影响

以莲藕淀粉(lotus root starch,LS)为对象,探究不同超声时间(0、10、20、30、40、50 min)对LS糊化特性、流变特性以及片层结构、结晶结构、短程有序结构、微观结构等的影响。结果表明,不同超声时间处理后LS分子链溶胀和缠结增加,糊化黏度最大增至(6059±31)mPa·s;淀粉颗粒表面出现裂缝、塌陷及坑洞,利于水分子进入,黏弹性增加。在超声作用下LS的α-1,6-糖苷键被破坏,部分支链断裂,形成淀粉短链,重新排列成有序的结构,短程有序结构增多,R_(1047/1022)值升高了3.20%;较短时间的超声处理(30 min)增强了淀粉分子间的相互作用,双螺旋结构变得有序和紧密,使T_p和ΔH值分别增大了11.09%和89.21%。长时间超声处理(40~50 min)不利于这种有序结构的形成。本研究结果可为超声技术在淀粉理化特性及多尺度结构调控中的应用提供理论参考。

基于互联网医院建设的肿瘤患者自助开单服务探索与实践

目的:探索自助开单服务模式的设计及实施效果,为患者提供高效、便捷的就医服务,提升患者服务效率。方法:采用χ~2检验、独立样本t检验对使用自助开单服务的患者及同期使用APP自约号来院就诊的患者的性别、年龄、来源、预约挂号至就诊的等待时间进行比较;测量系统应用后为患者节省的就医成本并对患者的就医流程进行比较。结果:使用自助开单服务的患者相比自约号的患者,老年人比例提升了5.4%(P=0.02)、京外患者比例下降了3.6%(P=0.028),患者预约挂号至就诊的平均等待时间减少了51.8个小时(P<0.01),平均为每位患者节省费用1 790元/次。结论:自助开单服务系统的应用有助于优化就医流程、缩短预约挂号到就诊的等待时间,节省就医成本,促进医疗资源合理配置,提高医疗服务效率。

挤压螺杆转速对碎米重组米中淀粉多层级结构的影响

以碎米粉为原料,调整挤压螺杆转速,通过扫描电子显微镜图、小角X射线衍射图、X射线衍射图及傅里叶变换红外光谱对重组米的微观结构、淀粉糊体系亚微观结构和分形结构、长程有序、短程有序结构进行对比。研究发现:挤压处理后大米淀粉的螺旋构象发生变化,其表面孔隙变多,结晶结构发生明显改变。随着挤压螺杆转速逐渐降低,大米淀粉的分形维数、相对结晶度和双螺旋程度均逐渐下降,体系呈现疏松无序的状态。将直链淀粉和支链淀粉进行分离后发现,挤压处理可能导致直链淀粉与脂质形成少量复合物,支链淀粉的粒径最大达到1000μm以上,挤压使得颗粒表面更加粗糙。本研究对大米副产物的重构利用有着重要借鉴意义。

傅文录从“扶阳三法”治疗阳虚型子宫内膜癌经验

子宫内膜癌在中国居女性生殖系统恶性肿瘤的第二位,好发于更年期和绝经期妇女。钦安卢氏扶阳医学发展历经二百余年,在子宫内膜癌等恶性肿瘤的治疗中疗效显著,可重复性强。其中,尤以脉定药、立法治病和次第分明的治疗策略,发前人之所未发,别成一派之学术。傅文录老师作为扶阳医学的领军人物,在恶性肿瘤等疑难杂症的治疗中经验丰富,屡起沉疴。傅老师秉承扶阳派“无火不生,无火不化”的学术思想,认为阳虚内寒,瘀污阻滞是子宫内膜癌的发病根本。患者下焦阴凝寒结而微阳难以启发,导致人身升降失调而一气不能周流,同时肾水不暖无法滋生肝木,肝郁受阻则失于调达疏泄,气机阻滞导致瘀血产生。治疗上应遵循“解表祛邪-建中理中-纳下填精”的治病次第,综合运用桂枝法、附子法、附桂法及非附桂法,固中宫,调升降。治疗原则当以温补脾肾为本,兼顾疏肝暖脾,并注意活血化瘀法的运用。用药上以大剂量姜桂附为主,助其气化,益火之源以消阴翳,并辅以行气化瘀之品,疏肝解郁,祛瘀生新。围绕任、冲与督脉,以扶阳抑阴为体,气化消瘀为用,最终实现水火既济、木土相协和金木交并的身体状态,从而延长子宫内膜癌患者的生存期,提高生活质量,最终使得癥瘕形质之病软化消失。

晚期疾病病人生命维持治疗医嘱的研究进展

介绍生命维持治疗医嘱(POLST)的概述、POLST组成和实施步骤、晚期疾病病人POLST的应用现状,指出其存在的不足及启示,为研制我国本土化的预立医嘱工具提供参考,以期满足晚期疾病病人及家属的意愿。

除臭微生物分离及效果测定

为治理禽畜废弃物产生的恶臭对环境的污染,采用合适的分离方法从环境中分离了诸多除臭微生物,并且通过初筛和复筛相结合的方法成功地筛选出具有减少氨气释放量64％以上、硫化氢释放量50％以上、降低2个臭味等级的微生物F1。结果表明,选择合适的分离方法是分离除臭微生物的关键。初筛和复筛相结合可以快速、有效地筛选除臭微生物。除臭微生物F1显示了良好的应用前景。

超高强度Cu-5.2Ni-1.2Si合金的形变热处理

研究不同形变热处理条件下Cu-5.2Ni-1.2Si合金的性能与显微组织结构,对合金的力学性能和电学性能进行测量,并采用金相显微镜、透射电镜及电子衍射分析其显微组织。结果表明:时效前的冷变形可以加速时效析出过程,在时效初期尤为明显;在450℃时效时该合金的峰时效有3种强化机制:调幅组织强化、析出的第二相粒子强化和有序强化;析出的第二相粒子主要是Ni2Si粒子;采用铸锭—热轧—冷轧(变形量为60%)—时效工艺处理的合金可以得到硬度和导电率的最优组合。

污水渗滤土地处理系统中水力停留时间与出水效果的讨论

污水渗滤土地处理系统中 ,水力停留时间与出水效果之间的关系 ,直接涉及到系统的大小与出水效果之间的关系 .一般认为各污染组分的去除率与水力停留时间之间符合一级反应动力学方程 .从微生物生长动力学角度出发 ,就此问题做了进一步讨论 .结果表明 ,各污染组分的出水浓度与水力停留时间之间的关系严格地说 ,是一种类指数关系 ,它实际是一条直线和一条负指数曲线叠加而成 ,而并非纯指数关系 .实际应用结果表明 ,不同系统的处理效率可以通过一级反应速率常数KT 进行对比评价 .提高系统的处理效率可以围绕反映系统净化能力的综合指数KT,从提高系统内微生物活性的角度出发 ,以减小系统的占地及投资 .

补充碳源对厌氧生物处理2,4,6-三氯酚的影响

利用半连续投料的驯化方法对３种不同来源的生物污泥厌氧降解２，４，６－三氯酚（２，４，６－ＴＣＰ）过程中补充碳源的影响进行了研究．结果表明，经过５０～６０ｄ的驯化，取自有机化工厂和造纸七厂的２种污泥的比降解速率（氯酚／ＳＳ）分别达到了０．６ｍｇ／（ｇ·ｄ）和０．２ｍｇ／（ｇ·ｄ），而取自北京啤酒厂ＵＡＳＢ反应器的污泥的比降解速率只有０．０３ｍｇ／（ｇ·ｄ）～０．０５ｍｇ／（ｇ·ｄ）．补充碳源对北京啤酒厂ＵＡＳＢ污泥有明显的促进作用，而对于取自有机化工厂和造纸七厂的污泥则有抑制作用；研究表明２，４。

含铜高纯钢中的有序畴

用高分辨电子显微镜研究了含铜高纯低碳钢固溶态的组织结构特征。结果表明,该钢经固溶处理后其组织为铜分布不均匀的过饱和铁素体。这种过饱和铁素体基体上分布着大量纳米级的有序畴结构。

我国东北地区城市污水处理效率研究

为更有效地分析我国东北地区城市污水处理效率,采用相关分析确定污水处理效率的各种影响因素,通过二阶二级逼近形式的污水投资和运行费用函数对实际数据进行拟合,在此基础上应用所建立的费用函数结合城市污水处理相关指标进行污水处理效率分析.结果表明,我国东北地区城市污水处理效率分析应重点考察设计处理能力、实际处理能力、出水COD质量浓度和污泥处理量等指标,这些指标值的改变将引起投资和运行费用的相应变化,并且边际费用呈现递减规律,随着费用的增加,我国东北地区城市污水处理效率是递增的.

高铁酸钾氧化降解水中的苯酚

以自制的固体K2FeO4作为氧化剂对水中的苯酚进行氧化降解。在苯酚初始浓度为0.10 mmol/L、溶液pH为9、反应时间为30 min、n(K2FeO4)∶n(苯酚)为15的条件下,苯酚去除率可达99.8%。反应过程中,K2FeO4的强氧化作用与其产物Fe(OH)3的絮凝作用产生协同效应,提高了苯酚的降解效果。表观反应动力学研究结果表明K2FeO4与苯酚的反应符合二级反应动力学原理。