Thought confidence, a subjective perception of metacognition, and the accompanying self-validated effects that occur when thought confidence is induced after exposure to persuasive messages have recently received incr...Thought confidence, a subjective perception of metacognition, and the accompanying self-validated effects that occur when thought confidence is induced after exposure to persuasive messages have recently received increasing attention from scholars. This construct/mechanism has received little exploration in the past, while there remain important research gaps. One question is whether thought confidence can play different roles when induced at different times; another is whether more variables can be identified which effectively induce confidence in existing or subsequent thoughts. The current paper examines a possible antecedent of thought confidence （i.e., consumer emotions） and explores the effects of thought confidence induced in consumers before they are exposed to advertisements. The author posited the confidence premise hypothesis, which holds that higher consumer confidence is a prerequisite for the significantly positive effects of argument strength in advertisements. Eighty-one undergraduates participated in a 2 （emotions： good moods vs. neutral moods） × 2 （argument strength： strong arguments vs. weak arguments） between-subjects experiment. Experimental results indicate that consumers＇ emotions positively affect their confidence in thoughts generated later. There is an anticipated pattern of interaction between emotions and argument strength in affecting advertising effectiveness, which supports the confidence premise hypothesis. The implications of these and other findings are discussed.展开更多
As the rapid development of modem society and the commodity economy, goods of each enterprise must through the competition to sales of commodities in the market have a foothold. Now the product packaging design requir...As the rapid development of modem society and the commodity economy, goods of each enterprise must through the competition to sales of commodities in the market have a foothold. Now the product packaging design requires not only simple packaging. but need to highlight the design sense, using a different visual language to convey product information to consumers, will also promise to consumers is conveyed. To the consumer＇s emotional experience as the main design starting point, only the value of the product itself into the purchase value of consumers, so as to reflect the role and value of the design. Now we are facing the problem is how to promote the sale of products through the design of product packaging, so that consumers have a strong desire to buy.展开更多
China,recognized as the world’s largest developing nation,displays considerably lower per capita consumption of dietary supplements in comparison to Asian nations such as Japan and South Korea.However,in recent years...China,recognized as the world’s largest developing nation,displays considerably lower per capita consumption of dietary supplements in comparison to Asian nations such as Japan and South Korea.However,in recent years,there has been a substantial surge in health consciousness among the Chinese populace.This trend is not confined to the middle-aged and elderly;even younger consumer demographics are exhibiting increased health awareness.Consequently,the target demographic for dietary supplements is transitioning towards a younger demographic.Within the Chinese dietary supplement industry,vitamin C has consistently held the largest market share,commanding a broad consumer base.This underscores the substantial role of vitamin C in the dietary supplement sector.In response to the trend towards a younger target demographic in the dietary supplement industry,adjustments are required to accommodate the preferences of this younger consumer group.This research,guided by Norman’s emotional design framework,executed a survey of over 200 respondents to investigate the preferences of Generation Z consumers in China.The research encompassed packaging,product forms,and brand imagery,corresponding to the emotional design’s visceral,behavioral,and reflective layers,with a primary focus on optimally meeting the emotional needs of Generation Z.The findings indicated that consumers favor products in capsule form,packaged in zip-lock.The predominant color scheme is clean white,accented by vibrant orange elements,while emphasizing the product’s health and scientific attributes.This study offers valuable insights for the continued evolution of the vitamin C dietary supplement market in China.展开更多
An authoritative parenting style has been shown to promote children’s emotion regulation in European-American family studies.However,little is known about how sleep problems and the child’s sibling status in Chinese...An authoritative parenting style has been shown to promote children’s emotion regulation in European-American family studies.However,little is known about how sleep problems and the child’s sibling status in Chinese families affect this relationship.Based on family system theory,this study attempts to better understand the relationship between authoritative parenting style and emotion regulation.Mothers of preschool children in Chinese kindergartens completed questionnaires about their children’s sleep habits,their authoritative parenting styles,and children’s emotion regulation.A total of 531 children participated in this study.Results showed that authoritative parenting was positively associated with emotional regulation.Sleep problems mediated the effects of authoritative parenting style on emotion regulation.The child’s sibling status moderated the mediating effects of sleep problems in authoritative parenting and emotion regulation relationships.Specifically,the relationship between the authoritative parenting style and sleep problems was significant for only children,while birth order had no significant influence on the authoritative parenting style and sleep problems in two-child families.These findings suggest that a lowauthoritative parenting style predicts low emotion regulation through sleep problems,and this depends on the child’s sibling status,indicating that children without siblings may impair emotion regulation due to increased sleep problems.展开更多
One of the significant marketing changes in the past decade involves the dramatic increase in the variety of ways in which consumers can express their identities, A key driver of this change has been the growth of one...One of the significant marketing changes in the past decade involves the dramatic increase in the variety of ways in which consumers can express their identities, A key driver of this change has been the growth of one-to-one marketing and mass customization, This trend has led many companies to rebrand and reposition their products or services focusing on functional attributes to focusing on how they fit into a consumer’s lifestyle, In the recent years, we have seen a growing trend of rebranding in India such as Vodafone, Airtel, Hero MotoCorp (erstwhile Hero Honda) to media channels to across different industries, This trend has compelled several business conglomerates to rebrand and get a makeover of their products and services, These organizations, while conducting the rebranding exercise, emphasize on concentrating on the functional attributes to how they fit into a consumer’s lifestyle which are received very well by business houses, By revitalizing their brands, business houses are ready to face a tough challenge in the marketplace and earn a respectable market share too, The rebranding exercise of Hero MotoCorp provides fascinating insights, The drivers and methodology adopted by the two-wheeler manufacturer which includes the makeover of the brand architecture, brand name, brand logo and the positioning with the theme of creation, renewal and re-energizing the brand are worth mentioning.展开更多
American foreign policies have observed guiding principles of democracy, yet an overemphasis on political values leads to more conflicts than mutual understandings in today＇s world. Therefore, this paper proposes tha...American foreign policies have observed guiding principles of democracy, yet an overemphasis on political values leads to more conflicts than mutual understandings in today＇s world. Therefore, this paper proposes that exploring diplomatic implications of ＂women＇s work＂ provides new insights into cultural values of the Four Freedomsmmajor pillars supporting modern American liberalism. This paper foregrounds the domestic and diplomatic significance of ＂women＇s work＂ by analyzing women＇s contributions as laborers at home, in the labor force, and in American consumer society. As American women participated in the paid labor force and took up most consumptive activities, women outside America also worked hard to provide food and care for families. This paper argues that a more comprehensive definition of＂women＇s work＂ is not only indispensable for the development of American industry, consumer society, and the expansion of marketplace, but integrates a system of dualisms separating wage labor and housework, or divisions between spheres of men and women. Moreover, investigations into hidden values of women＇s work alleviate worries arising from information revolution and economic globalization. Moreover, placing women＇s work in perspective enables diplomats to see through factors leading to international hostilities, to reduce conflicts arising from information revolution and economic globalization, and to understand America＇s soft power pertinently.展开更多
With the development of network technology and information technology, electronic commerce as a new business model wiht itsnew trading ideas-＋, In changing the traditional business structure,but also gradually changi...With the development of network technology and information technology, electronic commerce as a new business model wiht itsnew trading ideas-＋, In changing the traditional business structure,but also gradually changing people’s shopping patterns and consumptionpatterns,Online shopping has become the preferred way of shopping.Changes in consumption patterns will inevitably lead to new problems inthe process of consumption,and the development speed of the problem in sync with the development speed of network economy,as far as therenewal speed of laws and regulations is concerned,this asymmetric development is bound to bring great inconvenience to the consumer rights innetwork transactions.In this paper, from the angle of legal protection,the protection of consumer rights and interests in network transactions areexpounded,analysis of the current situation and reasons of the consumers’ rights and interests are infringed upon in the network transaction,learnfrom the experience of foreign consumer rights and interests protection,In order to put forward effective suggestions on the system constructionof the protection of consumer rights and interests.展开更多
"Effects of emotions between teachers and students"is the core problem in the essay.According to the core problem,concerned books are used to supply with theory base.At the second stage,practice is applied.T..."Effects of emotions between teachers and students"is the core problem in the essay.According to the core problem,concerned books are used to supply with theory base.At the second stage,practice is applied.Then a conclusion is drawn that teachers'emotions have strong effects on students,on their emotions and study.Therefore,finding ways for teachers to influence students with positive emotions is necessary.展开更多
The Professor's House presents the readers pictures with striking consumer culture characteristics. With abundant goods of sign values, conspicuous consumption, swelling-desire-stimulating power and the individual...The Professor's House presents the readers pictures with striking consumer culture characteristics. With abundant goods of sign values, conspicuous consumption, swelling-desire-stimulating power and the individuals' efforts to construct their identities through consumption as dominant features, consumer culture exerts negative and even devastating effects on the characters in the novel. Theories of ecocriticism shed new lights on the interpretation of consumerism reflected in the novel, especially on analyzing how the consumer culture makes the characters suffer from split personality, alienation from nature, society, and even from themselves and their spiritual ecology.展开更多
Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by loss of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. Tremor, rigidity, and bradykinesia are the major symptoms of the disease. These motor i...Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by loss of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. Tremor, rigidity, and bradykinesia are the major symptoms of the disease. These motor impairments are often accompanied by affective and emotional dysfunctions which have been largely studied over the last decade. The aim of this study was to investigate emotional processing organization in the brain of patients with Parkinson's disease and to explore whether there are differences between recognition of different types of emotions in Parkinson's disease. We examined 18 patients with Parkinson's disease(8 men, 10 women) with no history of neurological or psychiatric comorbidities. All these patients underwent identical brain blood oxygenation level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging for emotion evaluation. Blood oxygenation level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging results revealed that the occipito-temporal cortices, insula, orbitofrontal cortex, basal ganglia, and parietal cortex which are involved in emotion processing, were activated during the functional control. Additionally, positive emotions activate larger volumes of the same anatomical entities than neutral and negative emotions. Results also revealed that Parkinson's disease associated with emotional disorders are increasingly recognized as disabling as classic motor symptoms. These findings help clinical physicians to recognize the emotional dysfunction of patients with Parkinson's disease.展开更多
In this paper, we discuss questions of creating an electronic intellectual analogue of a human being. We introduce a mathematical concept of stimulus generating emotions. We also introduce a definition of logical thin...In this paper, we discuss questions of creating an electronic intellectual analogue of a human being. We introduce a mathematical concept of stimulus generating emotions. We also introduce a definition of logical thinking of robots and a notion of efficiency coefficient to describe their efficiency of rote (mechanical) memorizing. The paper proves theorems describing properties of permanent conflicts between logical and emotional thinking of robots with a nonabsolute rote memory.展开更多
VIOLENCE IS NOT ONLY WRONG,IT’S DISEASED-it’s always painful and too often fatal-as with Martin Luther King,no less.When emotions run high,doctors have difficulty making progress-calm,dispassionate review of the obv...VIOLENCE IS NOT ONLY WRONG,IT’S DISEASED-it’s always painful and too often fatal-as with Martin Luther King,no less.When emotions run high,doctors have difficulty making progress-calm,dispassionate review of the obvious evidence is vital,if you aim for less pain and fewer deaths.This paper is based on the self-evident precept that violated children unmistakeably predate violent adults.The remedy,highlighted here,is unusual in all psychiatry,in that it is backed by solid,irrefutable,objective,scientific evidence-from brainscans,no less-at least it is,for those willing to look.The paper has 6 parts:1.Introduction;2.Un-memorising Terror;3.Nutritious Emotions;4.Tyrannical Revenge;5.The Way to Cure Nucleargeddon Is Paved With Good Intentions;6.Conclusion.Parenting is a troubled skill,largely because mis-parenting perpetuates itself.As the poet Philip Larkin says of parents-“they fill you with the faults they had,and add some extra just for you”.Larkin moderates his criticism with“they may not mean to,but they do”.Sadly his“solution”-“don’t have any kids yourself”can extinguish the human race as reliably as ever revengeful Emotional Dwarfism will.展开更多
Huntington’s disease(HD)is a genetic neurodegenerative disorder that affects not only the motor but also the cognitive domain.In particular,cognitive symptoms such as impaired executive skills and deficits in recogni...Huntington’s disease(HD)is a genetic neurodegenerative disorder that affects not only the motor but also the cognitive domain.In particular,cognitive symptoms such as impaired executive skills and deficits in recognizing other individuals’mental state may emerge many years before the motor symptoms.This study was aimed at testing two cognitive hypotheses suggested by previous research with a new Stroop task created for the purpose:1)the impairment of emotion recognition in HD is moderated by the emotions’valence,and 2)inhibitory control is impaired in HD.Forty manifest and 20 pre-manifest HD patients and their age-and gender-matched controls completed both the traditional“Stroop Color and Word Test”(SCWT)and the newly created“Stroop Emotion Recognition under Word Interference Task”(SERWIT),which consist in 120 photographs of sad,calm,or happy faces with either congruent or incongruent word interference.On the SERWIT,impaired emotion recognition in manifest HD was moderated by emotion type,with deficits being larger in recognizing sadness and calmness than in recognizing happiness,but it was not moderated by stimulus congruency.On the SCWT,six different interference scores yielded as many different patterns of group effects.Overall our results corroborate the hypothesis that impaired emotion recognition in HD is moderated by the emotions’valence,but do not provide evidence for the hypothesis that inhibitory control is impaired in HD.Further research is needed to learn more about the psychological mechanisms underlying the moderating effect of emotional valence on impaired emotion recognition in HD,and to corroborate the hypothesis that the inhibitory processes involved in Stroop tasks are not impaired in HD.Looking beyond this study,the SERWIT promises to make important contributions to disentangling the cognitive and the psychomotor aspects of neurological disorders.The research was approved by the Ethics Committee of the“Istituto Leonarda Vaccari”,Rome on January 24,2018.展开更多
This study is to introduce concepts of energy and entropy to describe a robot＇s emoton decisien. It chooses the dimensional approach based on factors of pleasure and arousal for the merit of the interpolation between...This study is to introduce concepts of energy and entropy to describe a robot＇s emoton decisien. It chooses the dimensional approach based on factors of pleasure and arousal for the merit of the interpolation between enotions. Especially, Circumplex model which has also two axes： pleasure and arousal is used. Besides, the model indicates how emotions are distributed in the two-dimensional plane. Then by the definition of psychodynamicsthe energy states （mental energy and physical energy） are matched to pleasure and arousal respectively that are the basis of Circumplex model. The mental energy is updated by the result of Prospect theory which measures the value of gain and loss as pleasure factor. And the physical energy is updated by the result of hedonic scaling which measures levels of arousal from pleasure computed by Prospect theory, and the result of intensity of stimuli. Then the energy states are fed by entropy. The feedback loop by entropy satisfies the 2nd law of thermodynamics. The energy states generated by stimuli and fed by entropy take a position in the plane of Circumplex model. Then distances between the current position and other emotions are cornputed to get a level of each emotion, proportional to the inverse of the distance.展开更多
文摘Thought confidence, a subjective perception of metacognition, and the accompanying self-validated effects that occur when thought confidence is induced after exposure to persuasive messages have recently received increasing attention from scholars. This construct/mechanism has received little exploration in the past, while there remain important research gaps. One question is whether thought confidence can play different roles when induced at different times; another is whether more variables can be identified which effectively induce confidence in existing or subsequent thoughts. The current paper examines a possible antecedent of thought confidence （i.e., consumer emotions） and explores the effects of thought confidence induced in consumers before they are exposed to advertisements. The author posited the confidence premise hypothesis, which holds that higher consumer confidence is a prerequisite for the significantly positive effects of argument strength in advertisements. Eighty-one undergraduates participated in a 2 （emotions： good moods vs. neutral moods） × 2 （argument strength： strong arguments vs. weak arguments） between-subjects experiment. Experimental results indicate that consumers＇ emotions positively affect their confidence in thoughts generated later. There is an anticipated pattern of interaction between emotions and argument strength in affecting advertising effectiveness, which supports the confidence premise hypothesis. The implications of these and other findings are discussed.
文摘As the rapid development of modem society and the commodity economy, goods of each enterprise must through the competition to sales of commodities in the market have a foothold. Now the product packaging design requires not only simple packaging. but need to highlight the design sense, using a different visual language to convey product information to consumers, will also promise to consumers is conveyed. To the consumer＇s emotional experience as the main design starting point, only the value of the product itself into the purchase value of consumers, so as to reflect the role and value of the design. Now we are facing the problem is how to promote the sale of products through the design of product packaging, so that consumers have a strong desire to buy.
文摘China,recognized as the world’s largest developing nation,displays considerably lower per capita consumption of dietary supplements in comparison to Asian nations such as Japan and South Korea.However,in recent years,there has been a substantial surge in health consciousness among the Chinese populace.This trend is not confined to the middle-aged and elderly;even younger consumer demographics are exhibiting increased health awareness.Consequently,the target demographic for dietary supplements is transitioning towards a younger demographic.Within the Chinese dietary supplement industry,vitamin C has consistently held the largest market share,commanding a broad consumer base.This underscores the substantial role of vitamin C in the dietary supplement sector.In response to the trend towards a younger target demographic in the dietary supplement industry,adjustments are required to accommodate the preferences of this younger consumer group.This research,guided by Norman’s emotional design framework,executed a survey of over 200 respondents to investigate the preferences of Generation Z consumers in China.The research encompassed packaging,product forms,and brand imagery,corresponding to the emotional design’s visceral,behavioral,and reflective layers,with a primary focus on optimally meeting the emotional needs of Generation Z.The findings indicated that consumers favor products in capsule form,packaged in zip-lock.The predominant color scheme is clean white,accented by vibrant orange elements,while emphasizing the product’s health and scientific attributes.This study offers valuable insights for the continued evolution of the vitamin C dietary supplement market in China.
基金supported by the Guangdong Province Philosophy and Social Science Project(Grant No.GD22CJY12)the Young Innovation Talent Project of Guangdong Province(Grant No.2022WTSCX112)the Key Construction Discipline of Guangdong Province(Grant No.2022ZDJS061)to Yan Jin.
文摘An authoritative parenting style has been shown to promote children’s emotion regulation in European-American family studies.However,little is known about how sleep problems and the child’s sibling status in Chinese families affect this relationship.Based on family system theory,this study attempts to better understand the relationship between authoritative parenting style and emotion regulation.Mothers of preschool children in Chinese kindergartens completed questionnaires about their children’s sleep habits,their authoritative parenting styles,and children’s emotion regulation.A total of 531 children participated in this study.Results showed that authoritative parenting was positively associated with emotional regulation.Sleep problems mediated the effects of authoritative parenting style on emotion regulation.The child’s sibling status moderated the mediating effects of sleep problems in authoritative parenting and emotion regulation relationships.Specifically,the relationship between the authoritative parenting style and sleep problems was significant for only children,while birth order had no significant influence on the authoritative parenting style and sleep problems in two-child families.These findings suggest that a lowauthoritative parenting style predicts low emotion regulation through sleep problems,and this depends on the child’s sibling status,indicating that children without siblings may impair emotion regulation due to increased sleep problems.
文摘One of the significant marketing changes in the past decade involves the dramatic increase in the variety of ways in which consumers can express their identities, A key driver of this change has been the growth of one-to-one marketing and mass customization, This trend has led many companies to rebrand and reposition their products or services focusing on functional attributes to focusing on how they fit into a consumer’s lifestyle, In the recent years, we have seen a growing trend of rebranding in India such as Vodafone, Airtel, Hero MotoCorp (erstwhile Hero Honda) to media channels to across different industries, This trend has compelled several business conglomerates to rebrand and get a makeover of their products and services, These organizations, while conducting the rebranding exercise, emphasize on concentrating on the functional attributes to how they fit into a consumer’s lifestyle which are received very well by business houses, By revitalizing their brands, business houses are ready to face a tough challenge in the marketplace and earn a respectable market share too, The rebranding exercise of Hero MotoCorp provides fascinating insights, The drivers and methodology adopted by the two-wheeler manufacturer which includes the makeover of the brand architecture, brand name, brand logo and the positioning with the theme of creation, renewal and re-energizing the brand are worth mentioning.
文摘American foreign policies have observed guiding principles of democracy, yet an overemphasis on political values leads to more conflicts than mutual understandings in today＇s world. Therefore, this paper proposes that exploring diplomatic implications of ＂women＇s work＂ provides new insights into cultural values of the Four Freedomsmmajor pillars supporting modern American liberalism. This paper foregrounds the domestic and diplomatic significance of ＂women＇s work＂ by analyzing women＇s contributions as laborers at home, in the labor force, and in American consumer society. As American women participated in the paid labor force and took up most consumptive activities, women outside America also worked hard to provide food and care for families. This paper argues that a more comprehensive definition of＂women＇s work＂ is not only indispensable for the development of American industry, consumer society, and the expansion of marketplace, but integrates a system of dualisms separating wage labor and housework, or divisions between spheres of men and women. Moreover, investigations into hidden values of women＇s work alleviate worries arising from information revolution and economic globalization. Moreover, placing women＇s work in perspective enables diplomats to see through factors leading to international hostilities, to reduce conflicts arising from information revolution and economic globalization, and to understand America＇s soft power pertinently.
文摘With the development of network technology and information technology, electronic commerce as a new business model wiht itsnew trading ideas-＋, In changing the traditional business structure,but also gradually changing people’s shopping patterns and consumptionpatterns,Online shopping has become the preferred way of shopping.Changes in consumption patterns will inevitably lead to new problems inthe process of consumption,and the development speed of the problem in sync with the development speed of network economy,as far as therenewal speed of laws and regulations is concerned,this asymmetric development is bound to bring great inconvenience to the consumer rights innetwork transactions.In this paper, from the angle of legal protection,the protection of consumer rights and interests in network transactions areexpounded,analysis of the current situation and reasons of the consumers’ rights and interests are infringed upon in the network transaction,learnfrom the experience of foreign consumer rights and interests protection,In order to put forward effective suggestions on the system constructionof the protection of consumer rights and interests.
文摘"Effects of emotions between teachers and students"is the core problem in the essay.According to the core problem,concerned books are used to supply with theory base.At the second stage,practice is applied.Then a conclusion is drawn that teachers'emotions have strong effects on students,on their emotions and study.Therefore,finding ways for teachers to influence students with positive emotions is necessary.
文摘The Professor's House presents the readers pictures with striking consumer culture characteristics. With abundant goods of sign values, conspicuous consumption, swelling-desire-stimulating power and the individuals' efforts to construct their identities through consumption as dominant features, consumer culture exerts negative and even devastating effects on the characters in the novel. Theories of ecocriticism shed new lights on the interpretation of consumerism reflected in the novel, especially on analyzing how the consumer culture makes the characters suffer from split personality, alienation from nature, society, and even from themselves and their spiritual ecology.
文摘Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by loss of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. Tremor, rigidity, and bradykinesia are the major symptoms of the disease. These motor impairments are often accompanied by affective and emotional dysfunctions which have been largely studied over the last decade. The aim of this study was to investigate emotional processing organization in the brain of patients with Parkinson's disease and to explore whether there are differences between recognition of different types of emotions in Parkinson's disease. We examined 18 patients with Parkinson's disease(8 men, 10 women) with no history of neurological or psychiatric comorbidities. All these patients underwent identical brain blood oxygenation level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging for emotion evaluation. Blood oxygenation level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging results revealed that the occipito-temporal cortices, insula, orbitofrontal cortex, basal ganglia, and parietal cortex which are involved in emotion processing, were activated during the functional control. Additionally, positive emotions activate larger volumes of the same anatomical entities than neutral and negative emotions. Results also revealed that Parkinson's disease associated with emotional disorders are increasingly recognized as disabling as classic motor symptoms. These findings help clinical physicians to recognize the emotional dysfunction of patients with Parkinson's disease.
文摘In this paper, we discuss questions of creating an electronic intellectual analogue of a human being. We introduce a mathematical concept of stimulus generating emotions. We also introduce a definition of logical thinking of robots and a notion of efficiency coefficient to describe their efficiency of rote (mechanical) memorizing. The paper proves theorems describing properties of permanent conflicts between logical and emotional thinking of robots with a nonabsolute rote memory.
文摘VIOLENCE IS NOT ONLY WRONG,IT’S DISEASED-it’s always painful and too often fatal-as with Martin Luther King,no less.When emotions run high,doctors have difficulty making progress-calm,dispassionate review of the obvious evidence is vital,if you aim for less pain and fewer deaths.This paper is based on the self-evident precept that violated children unmistakeably predate violent adults.The remedy,highlighted here,is unusual in all psychiatry,in that it is backed by solid,irrefutable,objective,scientific evidence-from brainscans,no less-at least it is,for those willing to look.The paper has 6 parts:1.Introduction;2.Un-memorising Terror;3.Nutritious Emotions;4.Tyrannical Revenge;5.The Way to Cure Nucleargeddon Is Paved With Good Intentions;6.Conclusion.Parenting is a troubled skill,largely because mis-parenting perpetuates itself.As the poet Philip Larkin says of parents-“they fill you with the faults they had,and add some extra just for you”.Larkin moderates his criticism with“they may not mean to,but they do”.Sadly his“solution”-“don’t have any kids yourself”can extinguish the human race as reliably as ever revengeful Emotional Dwarfism will.
基金“Fondazione Cattolica Assicurazione” for funding the observational research of LIRH Foundation (www. lirh.it)
文摘Huntington’s disease(HD)is a genetic neurodegenerative disorder that affects not only the motor but also the cognitive domain.In particular,cognitive symptoms such as impaired executive skills and deficits in recognizing other individuals’mental state may emerge many years before the motor symptoms.This study was aimed at testing two cognitive hypotheses suggested by previous research with a new Stroop task created for the purpose:1)the impairment of emotion recognition in HD is moderated by the emotions’valence,and 2)inhibitory control is impaired in HD.Forty manifest and 20 pre-manifest HD patients and their age-and gender-matched controls completed both the traditional“Stroop Color and Word Test”(SCWT)and the newly created“Stroop Emotion Recognition under Word Interference Task”(SERWIT),which consist in 120 photographs of sad,calm,or happy faces with either congruent or incongruent word interference.On the SERWIT,impaired emotion recognition in manifest HD was moderated by emotion type,with deficits being larger in recognizing sadness and calmness than in recognizing happiness,but it was not moderated by stimulus congruency.On the SCWT,six different interference scores yielded as many different patterns of group effects.Overall our results corroborate the hypothesis that impaired emotion recognition in HD is moderated by the emotions’valence,but do not provide evidence for the hypothesis that inhibitory control is impaired in HD.Further research is needed to learn more about the psychological mechanisms underlying the moderating effect of emotional valence on impaired emotion recognition in HD,and to corroborate the hypothesis that the inhibitory processes involved in Stroop tasks are not impaired in HD.Looking beyond this study,the SERWIT promises to make important contributions to disentangling the cognitive and the psychomotor aspects of neurological disorders.The research was approved by the Ethics Committee of the“Istituto Leonarda Vaccari”,Rome on January 24,2018.
基金supported by the MKE(The Ministry of Knowledge Economy),Korea,under the ITRC(Information Technology Research Center)support program supervised by the NIPA(National IT Industry Promotion Agency)(NIPA-2009-(C1090-0902-0007))
文摘This study is to introduce concepts of energy and entropy to describe a robot＇s emoton decisien. It chooses the dimensional approach based on factors of pleasure and arousal for the merit of the interpolation between enotions. Especially, Circumplex model which has also two axes： pleasure and arousal is used. Besides, the model indicates how emotions are distributed in the two-dimensional plane. Then by the definition of psychodynamicsthe energy states （mental energy and physical energy） are matched to pleasure and arousal respectively that are the basis of Circumplex model. The mental energy is updated by the result of Prospect theory which measures the value of gain and loss as pleasure factor. And the physical energy is updated by the result of hedonic scaling which measures levels of arousal from pleasure computed by Prospect theory, and the result of intensity of stimuli. Then the energy states are fed by entropy. The feedback loop by entropy satisfies the 2nd law of thermodynamics. The energy states generated by stimuli and fed by entropy take a position in the plane of Circumplex model. Then distances between the current position and other emotions are cornputed to get a level of each emotion, proportional to the inverse of the distance.
