Sanchuan ham is appreciated in Yunnan Province,China,for its characteristic flavor and taste,while the microbial community structure and biogenic amines content remain unclear during fermentation processes.In this stu...Sanchuan ham is appreciated in Yunnan Province,China,for its characteristic flavor and taste,while the microbial community structure and biogenic amines content remain unclear during fermentation processes.In this study,we explored the physicochemical property,biogenic amines concentration and microbial diversity of external and internal Sanchuan ham by high-throughput sequencing during the processing of Sanchuan ham.Results showed that the nitrite remained at a stable level of 0.15 mg/kg which was significantly lower than the national health standard safety level of 20 mg/kg.In addition,compared with fresh hams,the content of total free amino acids in ripe Sanchuan ham has grown 14 folds;sour and bitter were the main tastes of Sanchuan ham.Notably,the concentration of cadaverine was the highest of all biogenic amines during the entire fermentation period.At the bacterial phyla level,Firmicutes and Actinobacteria were the two main phyla,while at the genus level,Staphylococcus was a significant strain throughout the whole fermentation.Moreover,the dry stage has a great impact on the succession change of microbial community structure.Simultaneously,the change trends and composition of bacteria in the interior have slight discrepancies with those of the exterior of Sanchuan ham.展开更多
Metaphor utterance is different from any other kind of general utterances,the meaning of which is more complicated and mild. Metaphoric utterance is also precise and vivid,which can create a deep impression on the lis...Metaphor utterance is different from any other kind of general utterances,the meaning of which is more complicated and mild. Metaphoric utterance is also precise and vivid,which can create a deep impression on the listeners. According to compare with the traditional approaches the thesis points out; the context-dependence method is well applied to the understanding of all metaphorical utterances. Only when you grasp the whole meaning of the context,can you know the specific meaning of each sentence.展开更多
This paper introduces the reader to our Kalman filter developed for geodetic VLBI（very long baseline interferometry） data analysis. The focus lies on the EOP（Earth Orientation Parameter） determination based on the...This paper introduces the reader to our Kalman filter developed for geodetic VLBI（very long baseline interferometry） data analysis. The focus lies on the EOP（Earth Orientation Parameter） determination based on the Continuous VLBI Campaign 2014（CONT14） data, but also earlier CONT campaigns are analyzed. For validation and comparison purposes we use EOP determined with the classical LSM（least squares method） estimated from the same VLBI data set as the Kalman solution with a daily resolution. To gain higher resolved EOP from LSM we run solutions which yield hourly estimates for polar motion and dUTl = Universal Time（UT1）-Coordinated Universal Time（UTC）. As an external validation data set we use a GPS（Global Positioning System） solution providing hourly polar motion results.Further, we describe our approach for determining the noise driving the Kalman filter. It has to be chosen carefully, since it can lead to a significant degradation of the results. We illustrate this issue in context with the de-correlation of polar motion and nutation.Finally, we find that the agreement with respect to GPS can be improved by up to 50% using our filter compared to the LSM approach, reaching a similar precision than the GPS solution. Especially the power of erroneous high-frequency signals can be reduced dramatically, opening up new possibilities for highfrequency EOP studies and investigations of the models involved in VLBI data analysis.We prove that the Kalman filter is more than on par with the classical least squares method and that it is a valuable alternative, especially on the advent of the VLBI2010 Global Observing System and within the GGOS frame work.展开更多
Contrastive linguistics belongs to a branch of linguistics.It studies two or more languages synchronically.However,lexicology is the study of lexical items of a language.An English sentence or a Chinese sentence forme...Contrastive linguistics belongs to a branch of linguistics.It studies two or more languages synchronically.However,lexicology is the study of lexical items of a language.An English sentence or a Chinese sentence formed based on words and clauses.Because of differences in Cultures,the lexical meanings between English and Chinese differ in many aspects,such as motivation of words and sense relationships.This paper is a brief review that just likes a book report,mainly based on the book Contrastive Linguistics,of lexico-semantic contrasts between English and Chinese,illustrated with several examples in both English and Chinese.展开更多
GENERAL INFORMATION World Journal of Stem Cells(World J Stem Cells,WJSC,online ISSN1948-0210,DOI:10.4252),is a peer-reviewed open access(OA)academic journal that aims to guide clinical practice and improve diagnostic ...GENERAL INFORMATION World Journal of Stem Cells(World J Stem Cells,WJSC,online ISSN1948-0210,DOI:10.4252),is a peer-reviewed open access(OA)academic journal that aims to guide clinical practice and improve diagnostic and therapeutic skills of clinicians.展开更多
The twin roll caster for aluminum alloys has many a dv antages. For example, rapid solidification, low equipment cost, and low running cost, etc. However, the twin roll caster has some disadvantages. They are slow c a...The twin roll caster for aluminum alloys has many a dv antages. For example, rapid solidification, low equipment cost, and low running cost, etc. However, the twin roll caster has some disadvantages. They are slow c asting speed and limitation of alloys. In the conventional twin roll caster, the casting speed is slower than 10 m/min. Aluminum alloys, which freezing range is wide, can not be cast. In the present study, break through of these problems wa s tried, and a new type twin roll caster was devised. A vertical type twin roll caster equipped with a nozzle was devised in order to cast aluminum strips at the speeds higher than 60 m/min. Characteristic features of this caster were vertical type, use of copper rolls, low separating force (n o operation of rolling), no use of lubricant, and equipment of the nozzle. In th e high speed roll casting, feed of molten metal of the vertical type twin roll c aster was easier than that of the conventional horizontal type caster. The use o f the copper rolls made cooling rate higher. The low separating force and the us e of the copper rolls prevented sticking of the strip to the roll. The lubricant was not needed, as the sticking of the strip to the roll did not occur. No use of the lubricant was useful to increase the cooling rate and casting speed of th e strip. The nozzle was used in order to improve contact condition (heat transfe r) between the melt and the rolls by hydrostatic pressure. In the twin roll cast er of the present study, many devices were done to improve the cooling condition of the strip in order to increase the casting speed. It was said that the roll casting of A5182 was very difficult, as freezing zone of A5182 was very wide. However, A5182 strip could be cast at high speeds up to 120 m/min using the twin roll caster of the present study. The microstructure of the strip cast using the conventional type twin roll caster is columnar structu re. The microstructure of the strip cast using the twin roll caster of the prese nt study was not columnar but equiaxed structure. It is said that mechanical pro perties of the strip cast using the twin roll caster is cheaper than that of the strip made from DC casting. However, the mechanical properties of the strip cas t using the twin roll caster in the present study were almost same as the proper ties of the strip made from DC casting. The thickness of the strip cast using th e twin roll caster of the present study was from 1.5 mm to 2.5 mm, and this thic kness was thinner than that of the strip cast using the conventional twin roll c aster. Semisolid roll casting was tried in order to increase the roll speed more and mo re. The twin roll caster of the present study was equipped with a cooling slope in order to make semisolid slurry. The cooling slope was the simplest process to make the semisolid slurry. Solid rate of the semisolid slurry was about 10%. Th e casting speed increased up to 180 m/min by the effect of semisolid casting. Me chanical properties were improved by the semisolid casting, too.展开更多
According to the rice quality,production and resistance of 50 high-quality inbred rice varieties bred and examined and approved in Guangxi during the period 2000-2011,we analyze the current breeding situation and exis...According to the rice quality,production and resistance of 50 high-quality inbred rice varieties bred and examined and approved in Guangxi during the period 2000-2011,we analyze the current breeding situation and existing problems concerning high-quality inbred rice va- riety in Guangxi: the rice quality has been greatly improved,but the amylose content is still low; a series of scented rice varieties with high quality and high yield have been bred,such as Zhongguangxiang No. 1,Sanxiang 628,Guixiang No. 1,Liufengxiangzhan,Jiafuxiang No. 1, Zhaoxiang No. 1; the production of high-quality inbred rice during the period 2009-2011 was significantly enhanced,annually more than 66 00 kg / ha,but the disease resistance of rice variety bred was generally poor,and disease-resistant breeding stuck in the mud. Henceforth it is necessary to be oriented by the rice market,and take the rice type with long grain,high adhesive strength,medium-low amylose content and low chalkiness degree as the breeding objectives; introduce the existing high-quality variety resources with medium amylose content at home and abroad,then directly use them or innovate upon them as hybrid strain; take the thick-and-long-grain rice type as breeding objectives,and further improve the yield per unit area of high-quality inbred rice by improving the thousand-grain weight; increase capital investment,improve breeding techniques,strengthen disease-resistant and degeneration-resistant breeding,and improve the application of modern biotechnology in the breeding of high-quality inbred rice.展开更多
2.2.3. Simple and Complex Sentences There is no general answer to the question whether a writer should use simple/one-clause sentences or complex ones. But choice between those two structures should not be made withou...2.2.3. Simple and Complex Sentences There is no general answer to the question whether a writer should use simple/one-clause sentences or complex ones. But choice between those two structures should not be made without considerations. Generally speaking, if the aim of the writer is to provide the reader with a complex structure of ideas and a complex reading experience, then complex sentences are preferred. If the writer uses a succession of simple sentences, there will be no obvious indication of relationship between the ideas conveyed in each separate sentence. Nor will there be any indication of the relative importance of the sentences. Therefore, simple sen-展开更多
It is significant to connect contexts and approaches to English language teaching,and it is also necessary to realize the challenges faced by English language learners in particular contexts so that we can get a bette...It is significant to connect contexts and approaches to English language teaching,and it is also necessary to realize the challenges faced by English language learners in particular contexts so that we can get a better understanding of teaching based on our own contexts and approaches.This article is the discussion of approach and the challenges in EFL context.展开更多
Controller area network(CAN) is a widely used fieldbus protocol in various industrial applications.To understand the network behavior under errors for the optimal design of networked control systems, the message respo...Controller area network(CAN) is a widely used fieldbus protocol in various industrial applications.To understand the network behavior under errors for the optimal design of networked control systems, the message response time of the CAN network needs to be analyzed. In this study, a novel delay time distribution analysis method for the response messages is proposed when considering errors. In this method the complex message queues are decomposed into typical message patterns and cases. First, a stochastic fault model is developed, and the probability factor is defined to calculate the error distribution. Then the message delay time distribution for the single slave node configuration is analyzed based on the error distribution. Next, based on the delay time distribution analysis of typical patterns and cases, an analysis framework of message delay time distribution for the master/slave configuration is developed. The testbed is constructed and case studies are conducted to demonstrate the proposed methodology under different network configurations. Experimental results show that the delay time distributions calculated by the proposed method agree well with the actual observations.展开更多
基金funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China(31460445)Science and Technology Talents and Platform Program of Yunnan Province,No.202105AF150049Yunnan University Key Laboratory of Food Microbial Resources and Utilization(Yunjiaofa[2018]No.135)。
文摘Sanchuan ham is appreciated in Yunnan Province,China,for its characteristic flavor and taste,while the microbial community structure and biogenic amines content remain unclear during fermentation processes.In this study,we explored the physicochemical property,biogenic amines concentration and microbial diversity of external and internal Sanchuan ham by high-throughput sequencing during the processing of Sanchuan ham.Results showed that the nitrite remained at a stable level of 0.15 mg/kg which was significantly lower than the national health standard safety level of 20 mg/kg.In addition,compared with fresh hams,the content of total free amino acids in ripe Sanchuan ham has grown 14 folds;sour and bitter were the main tastes of Sanchuan ham.Notably,the concentration of cadaverine was the highest of all biogenic amines during the entire fermentation period.At the bacterial phyla level,Firmicutes and Actinobacteria were the two main phyla,while at the genus level,Staphylococcus was a significant strain throughout the whole fermentation.Moreover,the dry stage has a great impact on the succession change of microbial community structure.Simultaneously,the change trends and composition of bacteria in the interior have slight discrepancies with those of the exterior of Sanchuan ham.
文摘Metaphor utterance is different from any other kind of general utterances,the meaning of which is more complicated and mild. Metaphoric utterance is also precise and vivid,which can create a deep impression on the listeners. According to compare with the traditional approaches the thesis points out; the context-dependence method is well applied to the understanding of all metaphorical utterances. Only when you grasp the whole meaning of the context,can you know the specific meaning of each sentence.
基金supported by the Austrian Science Fund(FWF),project P24187-N21
文摘This paper introduces the reader to our Kalman filter developed for geodetic VLBI（very long baseline interferometry） data analysis. The focus lies on the EOP（Earth Orientation Parameter） determination based on the Continuous VLBI Campaign 2014（CONT14） data, but also earlier CONT campaigns are analyzed. For validation and comparison purposes we use EOP determined with the classical LSM（least squares method） estimated from the same VLBI data set as the Kalman solution with a daily resolution. To gain higher resolved EOP from LSM we run solutions which yield hourly estimates for polar motion and dUTl = Universal Time（UT1）-Coordinated Universal Time（UTC）. As an external validation data set we use a GPS（Global Positioning System） solution providing hourly polar motion results.Further, we describe our approach for determining the noise driving the Kalman filter. It has to be chosen carefully, since it can lead to a significant degradation of the results. We illustrate this issue in context with the de-correlation of polar motion and nutation.Finally, we find that the agreement with respect to GPS can be improved by up to 50% using our filter compared to the LSM approach, reaching a similar precision than the GPS solution. Especially the power of erroneous high-frequency signals can be reduced dramatically, opening up new possibilities for highfrequency EOP studies and investigations of the models involved in VLBI data analysis.We prove that the Kalman filter is more than on par with the classical least squares method and that it is a valuable alternative, especially on the advent of the VLBI2010 Global Observing System and within the GGOS frame work.
文摘Contrastive linguistics belongs to a branch of linguistics.It studies two or more languages synchronically.However,lexicology is the study of lexical items of a language.An English sentence or a Chinese sentence formed based on words and clauses.Because of differences in Cultures,the lexical meanings between English and Chinese differ in many aspects,such as motivation of words and sense relationships.This paper is a brief review that just likes a book report,mainly based on the book Contrastive Linguistics,of lexico-semantic contrasts between English and Chinese,illustrated with several examples in both English and Chinese.
文摘GENERAL INFORMATION World Journal of Stem Cells(World J Stem Cells,WJSC,online ISSN1948-0210,DOI:10.4252),is a peer-reviewed open access(OA)academic journal that aims to guide clinical practice and improve diagnostic and therapeutic skills of clinicians.
文摘The twin roll caster for aluminum alloys has many a dv antages. For example, rapid solidification, low equipment cost, and low running cost, etc. However, the twin roll caster has some disadvantages. They are slow c asting speed and limitation of alloys. In the conventional twin roll caster, the casting speed is slower than 10 m/min. Aluminum alloys, which freezing range is wide, can not be cast. In the present study, break through of these problems wa s tried, and a new type twin roll caster was devised. A vertical type twin roll caster equipped with a nozzle was devised in order to cast aluminum strips at the speeds higher than 60 m/min. Characteristic features of this caster were vertical type, use of copper rolls, low separating force (n o operation of rolling), no use of lubricant, and equipment of the nozzle. In th e high speed roll casting, feed of molten metal of the vertical type twin roll c aster was easier than that of the conventional horizontal type caster. The use o f the copper rolls made cooling rate higher. The low separating force and the us e of the copper rolls prevented sticking of the strip to the roll. The lubricant was not needed, as the sticking of the strip to the roll did not occur. No use of the lubricant was useful to increase the cooling rate and casting speed of th e strip. The nozzle was used in order to improve contact condition (heat transfe r) between the melt and the rolls by hydrostatic pressure. In the twin roll cast er of the present study, many devices were done to improve the cooling condition of the strip in order to increase the casting speed. It was said that the roll casting of A5182 was very difficult, as freezing zone of A5182 was very wide. However, A5182 strip could be cast at high speeds up to 120 m/min using the twin roll caster of the present study. The microstructure of the strip cast using the conventional type twin roll caster is columnar structu re. The microstructure of the strip cast using the twin roll caster of the prese nt study was not columnar but equiaxed structure. It is said that mechanical pro perties of the strip cast using the twin roll caster is cheaper than that of the strip made from DC casting. However, the mechanical properties of the strip cas t using the twin roll caster in the present study were almost same as the proper ties of the strip made from DC casting. The thickness of the strip cast using th e twin roll caster of the present study was from 1.5 mm to 2.5 mm, and this thic kness was thinner than that of the strip cast using the conventional twin roll c aster. Semisolid roll casting was tried in order to increase the roll speed more and mo re. The twin roll caster of the present study was equipped with a cooling slope in order to make semisolid slurry. The cooling slope was the simplest process to make the semisolid slurry. Solid rate of the semisolid slurry was about 10%. Th e casting speed increased up to 180 m/min by the effect of semisolid casting. Me chanical properties were improved by the semisolid casting, too.
基金Supported by Guangxi Innovation Team Project,National Modern Agricultural Technology System(nycytxgxcxtd-01)Guangxi Scientific Research and Technological Development Project(10100004-1A)Guangxi Natural Science Foundation(2011GXNSFB018043)
文摘According to the rice quality,production and resistance of 50 high-quality inbred rice varieties bred and examined and approved in Guangxi during the period 2000-2011,we analyze the current breeding situation and existing problems concerning high-quality inbred rice va- riety in Guangxi: the rice quality has been greatly improved,but the amylose content is still low; a series of scented rice varieties with high quality and high yield have been bred,such as Zhongguangxiang No. 1,Sanxiang 628,Guixiang No. 1,Liufengxiangzhan,Jiafuxiang No. 1, Zhaoxiang No. 1; the production of high-quality inbred rice during the period 2009-2011 was significantly enhanced,annually more than 66 00 kg / ha,but the disease resistance of rice variety bred was generally poor,and disease-resistant breeding stuck in the mud. Henceforth it is necessary to be oriented by the rice market,and take the rice type with long grain,high adhesive strength,medium-low amylose content and low chalkiness degree as the breeding objectives; introduce the existing high-quality variety resources with medium amylose content at home and abroad,then directly use them or innovate upon them as hybrid strain; take the thick-and-long-grain rice type as breeding objectives,and further improve the yield per unit area of high-quality inbred rice by improving the thousand-grain weight; increase capital investment,improve breeding techniques,strengthen disease-resistant and degeneration-resistant breeding,and improve the application of modern biotechnology in the breeding of high-quality inbred rice.
文摘2.2.3. Simple and Complex Sentences There is no general answer to the question whether a writer should use simple/one-clause sentences or complex ones. But choice between those two structures should not be made without considerations. Generally speaking, if the aim of the writer is to provide the reader with a complex structure of ideas and a complex reading experience, then complex sentences are preferred. If the writer uses a succession of simple sentences, there will be no obvious indication of relationship between the ideas conveyed in each separate sentence. Nor will there be any indication of the relative importance of the sentences. Therefore, simple sen-
文摘It is significant to connect contexts and approaches to English language teaching,and it is also necessary to realize the challenges faced by English language learners in particular contexts so that we can get a better understanding of teaching based on our own contexts and approaches.This article is the discussion of approach and the challenges in EFL context.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 51475422 and 51521064).
文摘Controller area network(CAN) is a widely used fieldbus protocol in various industrial applications.To understand the network behavior under errors for the optimal design of networked control systems, the message response time of the CAN network needs to be analyzed. In this study, a novel delay time distribution analysis method for the response messages is proposed when considering errors. In this method the complex message queues are decomposed into typical message patterns and cases. First, a stochastic fault model is developed, and the probability factor is defined to calculate the error distribution. Then the message delay time distribution for the single slave node configuration is analyzed based on the error distribution. Next, based on the delay time distribution analysis of typical patterns and cases, an analysis framework of message delay time distribution for the master/slave configuration is developed. The testbed is constructed and case studies are conducted to demonstrate the proposed methodology under different network configurations. Experimental results show that the delay time distributions calculated by the proposed method agree well with the actual observations.
