Effect of Indoor Concentrate Feeding vs. Outdoor Grazing on the Expression of Genes Involved in Muscle Growth and Nutrient Content in Japanese Black Steer Muscle

The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of outdoor grazing on the expression of genes involved in muscle growth and the nutrient contents of skeletal muscle in steers. Ten Japanese Black steers were divided into two groups: grazing (GR) and concentrate (CT) groups. Crude protein, extractable lipid, moisture, fatty acid, cooking loss and Warner Bratzler shear force in muscle tissue were analyzed. The gene expression of myosin heavy chain (MyHC) isoform (2a, 2x and slow), myostatin, follistatin, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ2 (PPARγ2), CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α (C/EBPα), heat shock protein (HSP) 27 and HSP40 in skeletal muscles was evaluated at the end of fattening. Decreases in MyHC-2a and MyHC-2x (fast-twitch fiber type) expression in the longissimus lumborum (LL) muscle were detected in the GR group compared with the CT group;in contrast, an increase in MyHC-slow (slow-twitch fiber type) expression was shown in the GR group. These results suggest that grazing initiated muscle fiber type conversion to slow-twitch from fast-twitch. A decrease in extractable lipid content was observed in the GR group in the LL and semitendinosus (ST) muscles. Crude protein content in the LL muscle in the GR group was higher than in the CT group. MyHC expression in LL muscle in the GR group was greater than in the CT group. A decrease in myostatin and PPARγ2 gene expression was detected in the GR group compared with the CT group in both muscles. Expression of C/EBPα in LL muscle in the GR group was lower than in the CT group. These results suggest that grazing steers at the end of fattening may lead to an increase in protein content and a decrease in fat accumulation in LL and/or ST muscles by regulation of myostatin, MyHC, PPARγ2 and C/EBPα gene expression.

EXPRESSION OF p^(53) c-erbB-2, PCNA AND DAN CONTENT IN LUNG CARCINOMA

Theexpressionofp53Protein,c-erbB-2oncoprotein,Proliferatingcennuclearantigen(usA)werestudiedbythestreptavidinperotidaseconjugated(S-P)immunohistochemicalmethodandDNAcontentinsituwastested,inordertoexplorethesignificanceofP53,c-erbB-2,PCNAinPrimallUng...

急性脑出血模型大鼠脑组织中差异表达基因测序的验证及功能分析

背景:急性脑出血中存在差异表达的基因,这些基因与脑出血发生发展有关。目的:筛选急性脑出血大鼠模型脑组织中差异表达的基因和关键基因,并采用qPCR进行验证,分析关键基因与脑出血后神经功能、脑组织含水量的关系。方法:78只SD大鼠随机分为2组:脑出血组大鼠于右侧尾状核部位注射胶原酶构建脑出血模型,假手术组大鼠于相同部位注射等量生理盐水。运用TRIzol法将2组大鼠的脑组织提取出RNA,转录组测序,筛选急性脑出血脑组织的差异表达的基因,经过qPCR验证,分析基因与脑出血后神经功能、脑组织含水量的关系,并结合生物信息学对关键基因进行GO、KEGG功能富集分析。结果与结论:①筛选出10个关键基因,分别是CXCL8、SERPINE1、TFPI2、CXCR4、GDA、KCNQ5、ERICH3、SCN3B、CACNA1E、CCL20;②脑出血组的关键基因GDA、KCNQ5、ERICH3、SCN3B、CACNA1E含量低于假手术组(P<0.05),CXCL8、SERPINE1、TFPI2、CXCR4、CCL20含量高于假手术组(P<0.05);③关键基因GDA、KCNQ5、ERICH3、SCN3B、CACNA1E含量与脑组织含水量、神经功能缺损评分正相关(P<0.05),CXCL8、SERPINE1、TFPI2、CXCR4、CCL20含量与脑组织含水量、神经功能缺损评分负相关(P<0.05);④GO分析显示基因在生物过程差异表达基因主要富集于白细胞趋化性、趋化因子介导的信号通路;细胞组成差异表达基因主要富集于阳离子通道复合物、离子通道复合物;分子功能差异表达基因主要富集于门控通道活动、离子通道活动;⑤KEGG分析示基因集中于TNF信号通路、谷氨酸能突触、GABA能突触;⑥结论:在脑出血中出现差异表达的基因为CXCL8、SERPINE1、TFPI2、CXCR4、GDA、KCNQ5、ERICH3、SCN3B、CACNA1E、CCL20,这些基因与脑出血后脑组织含水量、神经功能相关,这些基因主要富集在细胞组分、结合功能、细胞突起等相关的生物学功能上。

枸杞SWEET基因家族鉴定及其与可溶性糖含量关系

【目的】糖外排转运蛋白(sugars will eventually be exported transporters,SWEETs)在植物生长发育过程中发挥重要作用,解析SWEETs基因在枸杞果实发育过程中对糖积累作用,为进一步揭示SWEETs基因在枸杞果实发育过程中的作用提供参考。【方法】用生物信息学方法对枸杞SWEET基因(LbaSWEETs)进行全基因组鉴定,并用已发表的转录数据分析LbaSWEETs在果实发育时期的基因表达情况。【结果】枸杞SWEET基因家族共有37个成员,随机分布于10条染色体上,分别编码152~621个氨基酸,蛋白质分子质量为16.87~69.97 kD,等电点为4.96~9.86。亚细胞定位预测位于叶绿体或质膜,大多数含有7个跨膜螺旋。系统进化分析发现,37个LbaSWEETs蛋白可分为4个亚群,每个亚群的基因结构和保守基序组成相似。启动子元件分析表明:Lba-SWEETs基因启动子富含大量激素响应、逆境胁迫和生长发育响应元件。转录组数据和qRT-PCR分析表明:LbaSWEET9和LbaSWEET29基因表达量随果实成熟呈现显著增加。相关性分析结果表明,LbaSWEET9和LbaSWEET29基因表达量与果糖含量呈显著正相关。【结论】LbaSWEET9和LbaSWEET29基因是果糖积累的关键基因。

五指毛桃不同部位补骨脂素合成酶基因的表达及其代谢产物含量

为探究五指毛桃(Ficus hirta Vahl)不同部位补骨脂素合成酶基因(psoralen synthetase,PS)表达与补骨脂素含量的关系,本研究分别采用实时荧光定量PCR法和高效液相色谱法测定来自广西和福建的五指毛桃根、茎、叶和果实PS基因的表达量及补骨脂素含量,分析不同五指毛桃种质不同部位PS基因表达及其代谢产物含量的差异。结果显示:PS基因在广西和福建五指毛桃的根、茎、叶和果实中均有表达,且其表达量具有组织特异性,在根中的相对表达量最高(侧根高于主根),叶中次之(全缘叶高于缺刻叶),茎和果实的表达量极低。使用高效液相色谱测得广西和福建的五指毛桃中补骨脂素含量存在差异,在2个五指毛桃种质的主根、侧根、缺刻叶、全缘叶、茎、果实中均有积累,侧根中的含量最高,分别为3.206、2.947 mg/g,主根次之(2.136、0.419 mg/g),缺刻叶中的含量分别为0.022、0.028 mg/g,全缘叶中的含量分别为0.069、0.035 mg/g,茎(0.003、0.003 mg/g)和果实(0.002、0.001 mg/g)中含量较低。五指毛桃PS基因表达与补骨脂素含量具有相关性,该研究结果为解析PS基因在五指毛桃补骨脂素合成中的作用提供参考。

社区词研究三十年

“社区词”概念提出至今已有整30年。从这30年的社区词研究历程中,可以梳理出两条并行而又有交叉的研究主线:一条是概念线,分为概念形成期和概念完善期,以《香港社区词词典》的出版为分节点;另一条是理论线,分为理论建构期与理论发展期,以“社区词”作为标准术语收入《语言学名词》为分节点。30年来的研究内容可以分为3类:围绕社区词概念的“名”“实”辨析、社区词的搜集整理与个案调查、基于词典的社区词研究;研究特征则可以归纳为适用领域的广泛性、研究视角的互补性、研究过程的科学性与研究任务的连贯性。在此基础上,也发现现有研究存在一些问题:语料不平衡造成描写分析不够系统深入,学术探讨多而应用成果少,理论的国际化程度有待提高。因此,未来研究中,田野调查仍是首要任务,还需要进一步阐明社区词与相关术语的异同,重视社区词研究的应用价值,并致力于提升社区词理论的国际化程度。

核心素养视域下的“表达与交流”:概念重构、内容更新与教学变革

核心素养视域下,语文课程中的“习作、写作、口语交际”被整合为“表达与交流”,是语文“技能”目标向语文“素养”目标转型的典型表述。这一表述重构了传统的听说读写概念,体现了多层面的整合特质,包括知识技能层面的互动整合、情境语用层面的深度融合和跨学科层面的贯通整合;可以多元媒介文本为支点,基于真实情境细化表达与交流的语用知识技能,借助跨学科场域拓展表达与交流的共享知识技能;以“文本制作”为表达与交流教学的操作性概念,聚焦其“信息加工”过程,实现深度学习发生的系列教学变革。

《跨文化交际概论》若干问题商兑

从跨文化交际基本理论、汉语国际教育基本观念和对外汉语教学实践来看,作为“对外汉语专业本科系列教材”之一、吴为善、严慧仙所著的《跨文化交际概论》存在一些值得商榷探讨的问题。主要表现在三个方面:一是全书的结构设计与内容安排方面的欠妥当或不合理;二是某些学术立场和学术观点的不恰当或不准确;三是教材话语方式和语言表达的不清晰或不规范。这些问题的存在,不能不影响该教材的总体水平、价值地位和在对外汉语或国际中文课堂教学中的使用范围与使用效果。本文予以提出并进行讨论,希望能对该教材的编著者和使用者提供一定的参考。

低温下环丙酸酰胺调控棉花内源激素促进噻苯隆脱叶的机制

脱叶催熟是棉花机械采收的前提,但遇低温可导致噻苯隆(TDZ)脱叶效果下降,不能满足机械化采收的要求,本实验室发现环丙酸酰胺(CYC)可显著提高低温下TDZ的脱叶效果,但CYC促进低温下棉花化学脱叶的机制尚不清楚。为此,以中棉425品种为材料,设置2个温度水平(25℃和15℃),清水(CK)、TDZ单剂(T)和TDZ+CYC复配(TC)3种处理方式,分析棉叶脱落过程中离层中内源激素含量变化及相关基因的表达情况。结果表明:低温(15℃)下处理后240 h,T处理棉花脱叶率仅为53.0%,但TC处理的棉叶脱落开始时间较T处理提前24 h且脱落率升高至79.6%。低温下,相较于T处理,TC处理棉叶离层生长素(IAA)运输相关基因(LAX2、PIN1)、IAA响应基因(IAA9、ARF3)表达量显著下降,离层中IAA含量降低;离层乙烯(ET)合成基因(ACS、ACO)表达量升高,ET合成前体ACC含量增加,ET下游信号基因(ERF1B)显著上调表达;茉莉酸(JA)合成相关基因(AOC4)上调表达,离层中JA含量增加。综上,低温下CYC和TDZ复配抑制棉叶离层中IAA运输与信号传导,促进ET、JA合成与ET信号转导,是CYC提高低温下TDZ脱叶效果的主要原因。

菠萝AcNINV家族全基因组分离及表达分析

【目的】鉴定出菠萝NINV家族全基因组成员,初步阐明NINV基因与蔗糖代谢的关系。【方法】采用生物信息学方法鉴定并分析菠萝NINV家族全基因组成员,通过实时荧光定量PCR分析其表达特性,利用HPLC对蔗糖含量进行测定。【结果】在菠萝中共鉴定出6个NINV基因,分布于5条不同染色体上,其二级结构主要由α-螺旋和无规则卷曲组成,该基因家族启动子区域光反应元件数量最多。AcNINV外显子数量介于4~6个之间,其中AcNINV3、6外显子的数量为6个,亚细胞定位预测发现这2个基因都分布于叶绿体,属于α亚族;AcNINV1、2、4、5外显子的数量为4个,亚细胞定位预测发现这4个基因都分布于质膜,属于β亚族。在果柄、果皮、果心中表达量最高的是AcNINV2基因,在果肉中表达量最高的是AcNINV6基因。蔗糖含量随着菠萝果实成熟呈先升高后降低的变化趋势,而AcNINV4基因在菠萝果实成熟过程中呈下调表达。【结论】AcNINV4可能是催化果实蔗糖降解的水解酶基因。

不同温度对羊肚菌淀粉代谢的调控研究

研究了不同温度对淀粉培养基中羊肚菌菌丝生长、淀粉酶活[腺苷二磷酸葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶(AGPase)、α-淀粉酶、β-淀粉酶、淀粉分支酶(DBE)、淀粉脱分支酶(SBE)]、淀粉含量(直链淀粉、支链淀粉)和淀粉相关酶基因表达的影响。结果表明:在10—25℃温度条件下,随着温度的增加,淀粉培养基上菌丝生长速度加快,菌丝浓密度和菌丝尖端分叉增加;AGPase、DBE、α-淀粉酶、β-淀粉酶在20℃下活性最高,SBE则在10℃下活性最高。直链淀粉含量和支链淀粉剩余含量在10℃下最高。相关性分析结果显示,温度与α-淀粉酶活性和SBE活性相关性不显著,与β-淀粉酶活性、AGPase活性、DBE活性呈显著负相关,与直链淀粉含量和支链淀粉含量呈极显著负相关。综上,在15—20℃温度条件下,羊肚菌对培养基中的淀粉代谢能力最强,10℃低温或者25℃高温都不利于羊肚菌对培养基质中淀粉的利用。研究可为羊肚菌的菌种制作和人工种植提供理论支撑。

网红图书馆类型对用户参与行为的影响研究

文章基于信息处理流畅性理论,通过实验探究网红图书馆类型与用户生成品牌内容诉求对用户参与行为的影响机制。研究发现,当温暖型网红图书馆与用户生成品牌内容情感性诉求相匹配时,用户线上参与行为更加积极;当能力型网红图书馆与用户生成品牌内容功能性诉求相匹配时,用户线下参与行为更加积极;自我表达需求在以上影响中发挥中介效应,自我建构在以上影响中发挥调节效应。基于此,提出图书馆利用网红现象提升影响力的策略,即挖掘自身优势资源,明确特色定位;建立在线数字平台,树立品牌形象;把握数字营销机遇,增强用户黏性;重视用户生成内容,鼓励用户参与。

新时代思想政治教育话语表达优化路径探析

新时代思想政治教育话语表达优化路径,可以从语境、内容、形式和主体四个维度展开:一是实现宏观语境与微观语境的并重、现实场域和虚拟场域的兼顾;二是实现政治话语学理化、理论话语通俗化、生活话语科学化和网络话语理性化;三是推动话语表达文本化叙事向图像化叙事转换、显性灌输话语向隐性渗透话语转换、工具性媒介向兼顾意义性媒介转换;四是推动教育者由“灌输者”向“沟通者”“传播者”“把关者”转变,受教育者则由被动的“接受者”向自觉的“传播者”转变。

社科学术论文是如何组织的——一个基于内容、视角、叙事、语言四要素的解释框架

社科学术论文写作,文章的组织与架构是关键。主题内容、分析视角、叙事方法、语言表述四个要素决定着文章的组织和架构。主题内容包括政治性内容、学术性内容、社会性内容;分析视角有宏观、中观、微观;叙事方法有描述型叙事、解释型叙事、建构型叙事;语言表述分为学术性语言、政治性语言、文学性语言。要素的组合排列决定了社科学术论文的风格与特色。

Cloning of four DREB genes from Tibetan Sophora moorcroftiana and analysis of their expression during abiotic stress

Sophora moorcroftiana is an endemic, droughtresistant shrub that grows in Tibet and has some degree of resistance to salt, cold, heat, and drought. In the present study, four dehydration responsive element-binding（DREB） genes（Sm DREB1, Sm DREB2, Sm DREB and Sm DREB1） were isolated from S. moorcroftiana for the first time and their expression and proline content under abiotic stress were analyzed. Proline accumulated in seedlings under drought, salt, cold, and heat stress treatments. The four genes were variously expressed in response to the four abiotic stresses. Sm DREB1 was induced by drought, cold, and heat stresses; Sm DREB2 and Sm DREB4 were both induced by salt, cold, and heat stresses, whereas Sm DREB3 was induced by drought and heat stresses. Thus, these four genes may participate in conferring tolerance to these four abiotic stresses and are candidate genes for genetic engineering in the future.

cDNA Cloning and Expression Analysis of the Chalcone Synthases (CHS) in <i>Osmanthus fragrans</i>

In the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway, Chalcone synthase (CHS) is involved in the formation of the pigment and has been shown to be a rate-limiting enzyme for the synthesis of flavonoids. In this study, a PCR approach was used to clone a Chalcone synthases cDNA from flower of sweet osmanthus “Chenghong Dangui” and it was designated as OfCHS (O. fragrans, CHS). The cDNA was 1383 bp long and a coding sequence (CDS) of 1173 bp encoding a polypeptide of 391 amino acids with an estimated molecular mass of 39.9 kDa. The theoretical isoelectric point was 6.23. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that OfCHS clustered with Olea europaea, Solenostemon scutellarioides, Perilla frutescens, Antirrhinum majus and Digitalis lanata. We also detected the expression of OfCHS in different tissues in “Dangui” and in two cultivars with varied coloration, “Zi Yingui” and “Chenghong Dangui” at different floral stages using quantitative real-time PCR. We observed that OfCHS transcript was higher in leaves than in petals in “Dangui”. The transcripts of OfCHS in “Zi Yingui” petals were higher than those in “Dangui” at three stages especially at xianyan stage and there was no significant difference between the two cultivars in the full flowering stage. “Chenghong Dangui” has a relatively high anthocyanin content compared to “Zi Yingui”. The relative amount of anthocyanin of “Chenghong Dangui” initially increases, and then decreases during the bloom period. However, the expression of CHS is the highest at the initial flowering stage. These data suggest that the OfCHS does not play a key role in the accumulation of total flavonoid in this cultivar. These data could contribute to explain the different accumulation of flavonoids in petals of the two cultivars.

Manual thinning increases fruit size and sugar content of Citrus reticulata Blanco and affects hormone synthesis and sugar transporter activity

Manual fruit thinning(MFT)in fruit trees has been previously shown to increase fruit size and enhance fruit quality,but the effect of MFT on Ponkan(Citrus reticulata Blanco)and the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood.In this study,efforts were made to elucidate how MFT influences the fruit quality of Ponkan.The results showed that MFT substantially increased fruit size and elevated fruit total soluble solids in comparison with the fruit from the unthinned trees(used as control).Expression analyses demonstrated that m RNA abundance of three important sugar transporter genes,including CrSUT1,CrSTP1 and CrTMT1,was evidently elevated in the flesh of thinned fruit when compared with those of the control.In addition,MFT prominently up-regulated the transcript levels of various auxin and gibberellin(GA)biosynthesis and signaling genes,including CrYUC6,CrAUX/IAA,CrGA20ox1 and CrGA3ox1.Concurrently,the contents of endogenous IAA and GA3,measured at 90 d after fruit thinning,were notably elevated in the fruit from trees with the thinning treatment relative to the control,although no difference was detected in the two groups before the thinning manipulation.Taken together,these results indicate that manual fruit thinning could greatly improve fruit quality,which may be attributed to promoting fruit expansion due to the increased auxin levels and expediting sugar accumulation through the up-regulation of sugar transporter genes.

Transcriptional proffling between yellow-and black-seeded Brassica napus reveals molecular modulations on flavonoid and fatty acid content

Brassica napus is an important cash crop broadly grown for the vegetable and oil values.Yellow-seeded B.napus is preferred by breeders due to its improved oil and protein quality,less pigments and lignin compared with the blackseeded counterpart.This study compared the differences in flavonoid and fatty acid contents between yellow rapeseed from the progenies of B.napus-Sinapis alba somatic hybrids and the black-seeded counterpart using RNA-seq analysis.Through HPLC-PDA-ESI(-)/MSanalysis,it was found that phenylpropanoids and flavonoids(i.e.,isorhamnetin,epicatechin,kaempferol,and other derivatives)in yellow seed were significantly lower than those in black seed.The fatty acid(FA)content in yellow rapeseed was higher than that in black rapeseed due to the variation of C16:0,C18:0,C18:1,C18:2,and C18:3 contents.RNA-seq analysis of seeds at four and five weeks after flowering(WAF)indicated that differentially expressed genes(DEGs)between black and yellow rapeseeds were enriched in flavonoid and FA biosynthesis,including BnTT3,BnTT4,BnTT18,and BnFAD2.Also,genes related to FA biosynthesis,desaturation and elongation(FAD3,LEC1,FUS3,and LPAT2)in yellow seed were up-regulated compared to those in black seed,while genes involved in beta-oxidation cycle(AIM1 and KAT2)of yellow seed were down-regulated compared to those in black seed.The DEGs related to the variation of flavonoids,phenylpropanoids,and FAs would help improve the knowledge of yellow seed character in B.napus and promote rapeseed improvement.

Physiological Processes Contributing to the Difference in Grain Amino Acid Content Between Two Hybrid Rice(Oryza sativa L.)Cultivars

Improving grain amino acid content of rice(Oryza sativa L.)is essential for the health of consumers.This study was conducted to identify the physiological processes that contribute to the higher grain amino acid content in hybrid rice cultivar Lingliangyou 268 compared to Luliangyou 996.The results showed that total amino acid content in grains was 9%higher in Lingliangyou 268 than in Luliangyou 996.There was no significant difference in grain nitrogen(N)content between Lingliangyou 268 and Luliangyou 996,while ratio of amino acid to N was 6%higher in Lingliangyou 268 compared to Luliangyou 996.A total of 16 differentially expressed proteins related to amino acid metabolism(e.g.,erythronate-4-phosphate dehydrogenase domain containing protein)were identified in grains between Lingliangyou 268 and Luliangyou 996.The identified proteins were involved in 10 molecular functions.Six of the 10 defined functions were related to binding(heterocyclic compound binding,nucleoside phosphate binding,nucleotide binding,organic cyclic compound binding,protein binding,and small molecule binding)and the other 4 defined functions were catalytic activity,enzyme regulator activity,hydrolase activity,and transferase activity.These results indicate that the higher grain amino acid content in Lingliangyou 268 compared to Luliangyou 996 is attributed to increased efficiency of converting N to amino acid that results from altered expression of proteins related to amino acid metabolism.

Identification and Expression Analysis of the Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxylase Gene Family in Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase （PEPC） is widely distributed in plants and bacteria, and catalyzes the carboxylation of phosphoenolpyruvate to form oxaloacetate and inorganic phosphate. To investigate the molecular mechanisms of the regulation and control of peanut oil, with the degenerated primers and RACE-PCR approach, five PEPC genes were cloned from peanut, and designated as AhPEPC1, AhPEPC2, AhPEPC3, AhPEPC4, and AhPEPC5, respectively. The structure and phylogenetic analysis of PEPC protein indicated that AhPEPC1-4 genes encoded a typical plant-type PEPC-enzyme, and AhPEPC5 a bacterial-type. By real-time quantitative RT-PCR approach the expression pattern of each gene was detected in various tissues of normal and high oil-content peanut varieties. It was found that there was a lower expression level of AhPEPCs genes except for the AhPEPC2 in high-oil peanut than normal-oil peanut line. The results provide some fundamental information for the further investigation of plant PEPC proteins and their role in regulation of oil-content in peanut seeds.