Characteristics of mineral element content of alpine vegetation in permafrost region on Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

The content characteristics of 16 elements （Al, Ca, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni, P, Pb, Sr, and Zn） in 23 plant species collected from the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau permafrost region were investigated using ICP-OES. Results show that the average contents of Ca, K, Mg, Fe and P were higher than 1,000 mg/kg, those of Al, Na, Zn and Cr ranged between 10-1,000 mg/kg and those of Cu, Li, Pb and Mo were less than 10 mg/kg. The levels of Al, Ca, K, Mg and Na were within the scope of the reported terrestrial plant element content, those of Sr, Fe and Cr were higher than the average of the terrestrial plants and the maximum content of Max was higher than the upper limit of the reported Mn content. The main character of the element content was of the Ca〉K type, however, in terms of Cyperaeeae species the element content character was K〉Ca type. The contents of Ca, Li, Mg and Sr in Gramineae and Cyperaeeae species were higher than those in other species and the contents of Ca, K, Mg, Fe, E A1 and Na in all collected plants were higher than those of other elements. Zn had weak variability with the lowest coefficient （i.e., 7.81%）, while other elements had strong variability. The ratio of maximum content to minimum content indicated Ca and K had less change than other elements in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau permafrost region. Element content of alpine vegetation in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau permafrost region mainly shows a positive correlation, among which the correlation coefficient between Al and Pb, Al and Fe, Mo and Cr, Pb and Fe, Sr and Li were higher than 0.9, and negative correlation had no statistical signifi- cance. The correlation between Al and Fe, Mg, Mn in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau permafrost region were consistent with that reported in Kunlun Mountains.

Morphologic characters and element content during development of Pinus tabuliformis seeds

An embryo classification system for Pinus tabuliformis Carr. was established by time-tracing sam- pling and observation of zygotic embryos. The zygotic embryos were divided into nine stages. Key elements of the zygotic embryo and female gametophyte （FG） tissue of P. tabuliformis were analyzed, using inductively coupled plasma-emission spectroscopy. Several elements--includ- ing aluminum, iron, sodium, and copper--are found in both embryo and FG tissue. Boron, phosphorus, magnesium,zinc, and calcium are also required for zygotic embryo development and therefore accumulated. Manganese is selectively excluded from the embryo. The zygotic embryo development needs a low-sodium and high-potassium nutrition proportion. The results of elemental analysis from zygotic embryos and FGs can provide the mineral targets for optimizing the formulation of culture medium for somatic embryogenesis.

Correlation Between Chemical Element Contents in Tree Rings and Soils

The annual growth rings of ten trees and the soils near the tree roots were sampled from the mining ares of lead-and zinc-dominant metals in the Xixia Mountain,Nanjing,for the determination of chemical element contents.The study results showed that the elemental contents in the tree rings were correlated with those in the soils,i.e.,the elemental contents in the tree rings increased with those in the soils,even in the cases of different environments and different tree species.Therefore,a time-concentration sequence could be set up on the basis of determining the elemental contents in the successive annual growth rings of trees to qualitatively reflect the annual variations of relevant elements in the soils,and a time-concentration sequence of elemental contents in soils could also be established in terms of related model to reproduce the dynamic changes of the surroundings.

Chrono-Sequences of Elemental Contents in Tree Ringsand Soils

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Angular Distribution of Element Contents in Tree Rings and the Environmental Information

Element contents of tree rings and soils near tree roots collected from Deodar cedar (Cedrus deodara (Roxb.) G. Don) and Masson pine (Picks massoniana lamb.) were determined to study the relationship between the angular distribution of element contents in tree rings and the environmental information. The chemical composition and properties of soils are very much complicated, which leads to the non-uniform distribution of the element contents in tree rings. The statistical multi-variable regression method was used to got the information of the tree-centered distribution of element contents in the environment (soil) (C’), C’(z, θj ), from the distribution of element contents in tree rings (C), C(Z, θi), which depends on the plane azimuth angle (θi), i. e., C=C(Z,θi), where Z is the atomic number of the element, with a satisfactory result,though this study is only a primary one.

ELEMENTAL CONTENTS IN ORGANS AND TISSUES OF CHINESE ADULT MEN

Objective To provide basis of reference values for relevant parameters of Chinese Reference Man. Methods Eighteen kinds of major organ or tissue samples, including muscle, rib, liver, and so on, were obtained from 4 areas (Hebei, Shanxi, Jiangsu, and Sichuan provinces) with different dietary patterns in China in autopsy of 16 healthy adult men, who had just encountered sudden deaths. At the same time, whole blood samples were collected from 10 volunteers living in each of these areas. The concentrations of 56 elements in these samples were detected by using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS), Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES), and Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (GF-AAS) techniques. Based on obtained concentrations and reference values of these organ or tissue weights for Chinese Reference Man, the relative elemental burdens in these organs or tissues as well whole body were also estimated. Results The concentrations of 56 elements in 18 main organs or tissues were determined all together and their elemental organ or tissue and whole body burdens were estimated. Furthermore, the distributions of important elements for radiation protection in these organs or tissues were emphatically discussed. Conclusion By summing with past related results, the total results obtained from the series of research may provide more reliable and better representative basis of these reference values for Chinese Reference Man than before.

Comparison of 66 chemical element contents in normal and benign hyperplastic prostate

Objective:The aim of this study was to clarify the differences between the prostatic levels of chemical elements in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH)and healthy male.Methods:We evaluated the prostatic level of 66 chemical elements in 43 patients with BPH and 37 healthy males.Measurements were performed using five instrumental analytical methods.Results:In the hyperplastic prostates,we have observed a significant increase in the mean level of Bi,Cr,Hg,K,Sb,and Se accompanied a significant decrease in the mean level of Al,Ce,Cs,Dy,Er,Gd,Ho,La,Mo,Nd,Pb,Pr,Sm,Sn,Tb,Tm,U,and Y.No differences were found in the mean prostatic level of other chemical elements including Ag,Al,Au,B,Ba,Be,Br,Ca,Cd,Co,Cu,Fe,Li,Mg,Mn,Na,Nb,Ni,P,Rb,S,Sc,Si,Th,Ti,Tl,Yb,Zn,and Zr between BPH patients and healthy males.Conclusions:The finding of chemical element contents and correlation between pairs of chemical element mass fractions indicates that there is a great disturbance of prostatic chemical element metabolism in BPH gland.Trace elements Bi,Cr,Hg,K,Sb,and Se may be regarded as the possible tissue biomarkers of hyperplastic transformation of prostate gland.Obtained data did not confirm a critical role of Cd and Pb accumulation in the pathogenesis of BPH.A potential age-related Zn,Fe,and Se deficiency in the prostate tissue has not been found as being involved in the etiology of BPH.

Contents of Trace Metal Elements in Cow Milk Impacted by Different Feedstuffs

Feedstuff intake plays key role in impacting the yield and quality of milk. In this study, we discussed the contents of trace metal elements in cow milk impacted by different feedstuffs. We detected the contents of Pb, Cd, As, Cu, Mg, Ca, Fe and Zn in different feedstuffs and milk by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The determinations of Pb, Cd and As contents were by graphite furnace A_AS and Cu, Mg, Ca, Fe and Zn was by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The results showed that Pb, Cd, As and Cu presented in feedstuffs, but Pb, Cd and As were lowly detected in milk samples, and Cu was not detected in milk samples. The content of Mg in concentrates was lower than that in forages. However, the content of Mg in milk from concentrate feed was higher than that in forage feed. This suggested that the utilization of Mg in concentrate feed was higher than that in forage feed. The contents of Ca and Zn were opposite to Mg, and the utilization of Ca and Zn in forage feed was higher than that in concentrate feed. There was no obviously change law of Fe in different feedstuffs and milk samples. The relationship between the contents of trace metal elements in milk to feedstuffs would provide a theoretical basis for dairy farming. It would be useful for improving the milk yield and milk quality of dairy production.

Prediction of Chemical Element Contents in Soils

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Carbon,Nitrogen,and Sulfur Contents in Marine Phytoplankton Cells and Biomass Conversion

In this study,we isolated and cultured phytoplankton along the coast of China and measured the cellular carbon,nitrogen,and sulfur contents under four temperatures.The results showed that the contents of the cellular elements varied widely among different phytoplankton.We found that temperature is one of the important factors affecting the carbon,nitrogen,and sulfur contents in phytoplankton cells;however,the degree of influence of temperature is different for different kinds of phytoplankton.By measuring the nitrogen content in cells,we found that the C:N ratio indirectly measured in the experiment fluctuated in the range of 3.50-8.97,and the average C:N ratio was 5.52.In this experiment,we accurately measured the cell elemental contents at different temperatures and transformed the cell count results into carbon,nitrogen,and sulfur contents to express the biomass.This method ensures that the contribution of species that are small in number but with a large cell volume in biomass is considered.Moreover,this method comprehensively considers the interspecific differences of species and the uneven distribution of elements in phytoplankton cells,which is of significance in the estimation of marine carbon and nitrogen budget.The distribution of nitrogen content in marine phytoplankton can well indicate the marine eutrophication caused by human activities.Climate change can affect the community structure and element composition of marine phytoplankton,meanwhile marine carbon and nitrogen element can regulate the climate to a certain extent.

CONTENT AND DISTRIBUTION OF TRACE ELEMENTS IN SOILS OF THE DAM RIVER AND TUOTUO RIVER BASINS

Natural contents and distribution of trace elements in soils of the Dam River and Tuotuo River basins are demonstrated in this paper. By using contrasting methods. it is found that the content of trace elements of soil in the region is at the lower limit of the world's soil content level, that the tendency of the average trace element content in the four main types of soil is shown as: alpine mountain meadow soil>marsh soil>alpine mountain steppe soil> alpine mountain cryogenic soil. the average content of trace elements such as Cr. Co, Zn, Cu, Hg, Pb, Mo, Mn and Ni in the Dam River basin is higher than that of the Tuotuo River basin except that of the elements Ba and Sr. In addition. through correlation analysis. the relationship of intergrowth and association among soil elements are revealed.

Prediction of ash content of unloaded coal based on a discrete element simulation

Based on analysis of regularity of stacking coal,discrete element simultaneous simulation is adopted to predict the process of unloading coal,which is proved to be effcient in the prediction of ash content.The results show that the altitude of new irregular coal is equal to the income coal volume divided by area of cabin.The distribution of infnitesimal flow velocity helps to induce the motion equation of infnitesimal element,which provides the mathematical model for computer simulation.Swarm,a computer programming language,is utilized in this study.Adaptive infnitesimal stacking algorithm helps settle the diffculties in attainment of infnitesimal elements.The result of simulation is similar to the actual situation,which can accurately predict the ash contents of current time and cumulative time.Coal movement in the cabin is a new project,the result of which can also be applied to other solid particles and the widespread of the result will be highly valued.

世界一流大学开放科学数据政策体系框架及内容要素研究

[目的/意义]针对世界一流大学制定的开放科学数据政策体系展开调研分析,以期为国内科研机构制定与完善开放科学数据政策体系提出政策建议。[方法/过程]本研究首先调研了世界一流大学制定的开放科学数据政策体系,其次归纳了其开放科学数据政策体系所包含的政策类型及涉及的相关政策法规,然后分析了各个政策类型应涵盖的与开放科学数据相关的政策内容要素,最后针对我国科研机构制定与完善开放科学数据政策体系提出了政策建议。[结果/结论]建议国内科研机构参考与借鉴世界一流大学的先进政策实践,尽快制定涵盖个人数据保护、科研档案管理、科研诚信管理、科研伦理治理、知识产权保护、数据安全管理等相关政策的开放科学数据政策体系,在政策制定层面支持科学数据、原始资料、科研档案的协同管理,以期确保在科学数据全生命周期内遵守近年来持续调整的各类相关政策法规,并关注科研机构与资助机构、出版机构、数据知识库等其他利益相关者制定的开放科学数据政策之间的政策协同问题。

市售348批次化妆品中锂等37种元素的含量测定及分析

采用电感耦合等离子体质谱检测法对贵州省9个市(州)线下实体经营企业的100批次祛斑美白类、62批次宣称隔离功效的彩妆类、30批次爽身粉及156批次涂抹式面膜类化妆品中锂等37种元素进行含量测定并对数据进行分析。质量浓度范围在0~100μg/L(汞为0~4μg/L)时,37种元素线性相关系数均大于0.999,回收率为88.7%~115.3%,检出限为0.004~4μg/kg,定量限为1~80μg/kg。结果发现,含元素种类较多且含量较高的产品,成分中大多含有土壤、矿物及植物提取物。

基于离散元法的潮湿甘蔗复合肥参数标定

为能准确建立潮湿甘蔗复合肥的离散元模型,合理设置仿真参数,提高肥料颗粒动力学仿真结果的准确性,以休止角为响应值,对不同含水率的甘蔗复合肥进行试验研究。通过卸料仓法建立含水率与休止角的三元回归方程,决定系数为0.99;基于Hertz-Mindlin with JKR粘结模型,通过Plackett-Burman试验、爬坡试验和Box-Behnken试验从9个初始参数筛选出JKR表面能、甘蔗复合肥剪切模量、甘蔗复合肥与不锈钢静摩擦系数、甘蔗复合肥间静摩擦系数、甘蔗复合肥间恢复系数5项显著性参数,并建立休止角—离散元参数模型,模型P值小于0.01,变异系数为6.35%;最后,通过对不同含水率下的最佳参数组合进行仿真休止角试验,仿真结果与物理休止角试验的相对误差小于7.66%,验证不同含水率的甘蔗复合肥参数标定结果和研究方法是合理可靠的。研究结果可为基于离散元法的甘蔗施肥机械动力学仿真研究提供参考。

山东省胶东半岛养殖刺参中金属元素含量水平分析及健康风险评估

为探讨山东省胶东半岛养殖刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)中铅、镉、汞等11种金属及无机砷含量水平、分布特征及对人体健康的潜在风险,2018—2020年在山东省龙口、莱州、荣城随机采集低播养殖的体质量47.5~98.3 g的刺参样品130份,采用ICP-MS法测定样品中铅、镉、砷等10种元素,原子荧光法测定汞,HPLC-ICP-MS联用法测定无机砷,采用目标危险系数评估样品中金属对人体存在的潜在健康风险,为我国制订鲜海参卫生标准提供参考和数据支撑。结果表明,11种金属元素平均浓度依次递减为Al、Zn、Mn、Cu、As、Cr、Ni、Pb、Cd、Sn、Hg,无机砷含量均小于检出限。单个元素风险顺序为Cd>Cr>Pb>Cu>Al>Zn>Mn>Ni>Hg。单一元素的目标危险系数THQ与多种金属的复合目标危险系数TTHQ均小于1。结果证明:食用山东省胶东半岛养殖刺参目前对人体健康不具有危险性。其中对人体健康危害最大的元素为镉,贡献率达25.6%,应关注海参中镉元素含量对人体健康造成的潜在威胁。

氮沉降对城市森林凋落物养分元素含量及其耦合性的影响

目前,氮沉降增加呈现全球化趋势,影响森林生态系统生物地球化学循环过程,已成为生态和环境研究的热点内容之一。为探讨氮沉降增加对城市森林凋落物养分含量的影响,进一步认识城市森林养分循环过程,为区域城市化进程的生态风险评估提供科学依据,本研究以安徽省合肥市蜀山国家森林公园凋落物为研究对象,在连续3年模拟氮沉降实验后(氮添加设置3种水平,分别为对照组:0 kg·hm^(–2)·a^(–1)、CK;低氮:50 kg·hm^(–2)·a^(–1)、LN;高氮:100 kg·hm^(–2)·a^(–1)、HN),研究氮沉降对城市森林凋落物(枝叶果碎)养分元素含量及其耦合性的影响。结果表明:(1)不同施氮水平下,凋落果内CK与HN中C元素含量,凋落叶中CK与LN、碎中LN与HN两组中N元素含量差异显著(P<0.05)。(2)凋落物不同组分间,N沉降显著影响Ca元素含量(P<0.05),对C元素含量无显著影响;凋落枝组分间K含量差异显著(P<0.05),凋落叶与其他各组间N含量差异显著(P<0.05),凋落果与其他各组间P含量差异显著(P<0.05);凋落叶与凋落果间Mg元素差异显著。(3)N沉降对各组分间的C/N、C/P、N/P等生态化学计量比无显著性影响,但对凋落叶、凋落果中C/N值有显著抑制作用(P<0.05)。(4)N沉降显著影响C、N间相关性及Ca、Mg间相关性,且均表现为LN显著增强相关性,HN显著抑制相关性;N沉降显著增强了P、K间的相关性,而显著降低了K与Ca、Mg的相关性。(5)N沉降对C/N与N/P、C/P与N/P间的耦合性有显著影响,且均表现为LN显著增强生态化学计量比间的耦合性,HN显著降低二者耦合性。研究结果为城市森林凋落物养分循环过程对N沉降的响应提供了理论依据。

不同产地侧柏叶中无机元素的含量测定及评价

采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定不同产地侧柏[Platycladus orientalis(L.)Franco]叶中无机元素含量,并进行方法学验证,采用SPSS软件进行聚类分析和主成分分析,对其特征元素进行评价。结果表明,标准样品中26种元素的线性关系良好,相关系数(R^(2))≥0.9953,各元素的检出限在0.0020~4.2226 ng/mL,精密度、稳定性、重复性符合要求,各元素的平均加样回收率在84.1%~123.6%,相对标准偏差在0.7%~4.5%;28批侧柏叶样品中检测出24种无机元素,含量差异较大,其中,侧柏叶样品K、Ca、Mg的含量均超过1000 mg/kg,Cd、As、Hg、Cu含量均在《中华人民共和国药典:一部》规定的限度范围内,Pb含量为0.602~9.337 mg/kg,有6批侧柏叶样品超出限度;主成分分析显示Fe、Ti、Ca、Ni、Al、Mn、Zn、K为侧柏叶的主要特征性元素;聚类分析显示,地理位置相近的产地能较好地聚为一类,表明侧柏叶中无机元素含量存在明显的地域特征。建立的方法操作简便,分析速度快,灵敏度高,可用于侧柏叶中无机元素含量的测定。

材料力学性能课程思政建设与实践

材料力学性能是材料科学与工程学科本科生的主干课和必修课,承担着学生从基础课到专业课顺利过渡的重要任务。该文以材料力学性能课程为例,针对本科专业与理论课程的性质和特点,探讨思政元素的挖掘途径、课程思政建设关键点以及教学体系构建等问题。基于专业教师育人观念转变和课程教学方法创新,通过思政元素的有机融入、教学内容优化、经典案例分析等方式,提高专业课程的生动性和趣味性。增强学生分析问题与解决问题的能力,提升学生的政治素养,坚定学生的政治理念,培养素质全面的复合型人才。