Evaluation of extracts and essential oil from Callistemon viminalis leaves:Antibacterial and antioxidant activities,total phenolic and flavonoid contents

Objective:To investigate antioxidant and antibacterial activities of Callistemon viminalis(C.viminalis)leaves.Methods:The essential oil of C.viminalis leaves obtained by hydrodistillation was analyzed by GC/MS.Different extracts were tested for total phenolic and flavonoid contents and in vitro antioxidant(DPPH assay)and antibacterial(agar disc diffusion and 96-well micro-plates methods)actives.Results:Fourteen components were identified in the essential oil,representing 98.94%of the total oil.The major components were 1,8-cineole(64.53%)andα-pinene(9.69%).Leaf essential oil exhibited the highest antioxidant activity of(88.60±1.51)%comparable to gallic acid,a standard compound[(80.00±2.12)%].Additionally,the biggest zone of inhibitions against the studied bacterial strains was observed by the essential oil when compared to the standard antibiotic(tetracycline).The crude methanol extract and ethyl acetate fraction had a significant antibacterial activity against the tested bacterial strains.Conclusions:It can be suggested that C.viminalis is a great potential source of antibacterial and antioxidant compounds useful for new antimicrobial drugs from the natural basis.The present study revealed that the essential oil as well as the methanol extracts and ethyl acetate fraction of C.viminalis leaves exhibited highly significant antibacterial activity against the tested bacterial strains.

Antioxidant activity and total phenolic content of essential oils and extracts of sweet basil(Ocimum basilicum L.)plants

The present study was conducted to evaluate the chemical composition and antioxidant activity of the essential oils and ethanol extracts of Ocimum basilicum L.obtained from Assiut,Minia and BeniSuef of Egypt.The major constituents of sweet basil essential oils from three locations were linalool,estragole,methyl cinnamate,bicyclosesquiphellandrene,eucalyptol,-bergamotene,eugenol,-cadinene and germacrene D by the method of GC–MS.The relative concentration of these compounds varies.The basil extracts contained appreciable levels of total phenolic contents and exhibited good DPPH radical scavenging capacity higher than that of essential oils.The highest TPC(82.45 mg PE/g)and maximum radical scavenging activity with IC50 value(1.29 mg/mL)was obtained from Minia basil extract.High correlation between antioxidant activity and total phenolic contents of basil extracts was observed.High variation in free radical scavenging activity of essential oils was found.The essential oil from Minia basil showed high activity in DPPH radical scavenging with IC50(11.23 mg/mL)and contained the highest content of phenolic(41.3 mg PE/g).On contrary,low correlation between antioxidant activity and total phenolic contents of basil essential oils from different locations.The results of the present investigation demonstrated significant variations in the antioxidant activities of sweet basil essential oils and extracts from Egypt.

Comparative analysis of antioxidant activities of essential oils and extracts of fennel(Foeniculum vulgare Mill.)seeds from Egypt and China

The present study was conducted to assay the antioxidant activities of essential oils and ethanol extracts of fennel(Foeniculum vulgare Mill.)seeds from Egypt and China.The major components of the Egyptian fennel essential oil were estragole(51.04%),limonene(11.45%),l-fenchone(8.19%)and trans-anethole(3.62%)by GC–MS analysis.Whereas,the major constituents of Chinese fennel essential oil were transanethole(54.26%),estragole(20.25%),l-fenchone(7.36%)and limonene(2.41%).The fennel seed extracts from Egypt and China contained appreciable levels of total phenolic contents(42.24 and 30.94 mg PE/g,respectively).The extracts exhibited good DPPH radical scavenging capacity with IC50(6.34 and 7.17 mg/g),respectively.A high variation in free radical scavenging activities of essential oils was observed.The Chinese fennel essential oil showed high activity in DPPH radical scavenging with IC50(15.66 mg/g).The Egyptian fennel essential oil showed very low activity with IC50(141.82 mg/g).The results of the present investigation demonstrated significant variations in the antioxidant activities of fennel essential oils and extracts from Egypt and China.

樟树精油中6种低含量成分的高效分离及抗氧化性能研究

采用分段减压蒸馏结合柱层析方法,以目标成分含量大于80.0%为目标,开展了樟树精油中<10.0%低含量成分的高效分离研究,获得了柠檬烯(93.2%)、乙酸龙脑酯(87.5%)、反式-橙花叔醇(85.8%)、β-石竹烯(91.1%)、4-松油醇(92.6%)、α-松油醇(87.2%)等6种组分,收率分别为36.0%、14.0%、11.0%、21.0%、38.0%和10.0%。进一步研究了各组分的抗氧化性能,结果表明,乙酸龙脑酯、反式-橙花叔醇、4-松油醇和α-松油醇组分的IC_(50)值分别为96.6、87.6、73.6和105.4 mg/m L,抗氧化性能优于单萜标准品;柠檬烯和β-石竹烯组分的IC_(50)值分别为66.2和48.5 mg/m L,抗氧化性能低于单萜标准品。

不同龄级迷迭香生长指标及精油组分的比较

【目的】为迷迭香的科学采收、定向利用提供参考依据。【方法】以2、3、5、7年生迷迭香为试验材料,比较了不同龄级迷迭香的叶长、叶宽、叶厚、叶干质量、叶鲜质量、叶含水率、新梢长度等生长指标的差异,以及含精油率、精油主要成分及其含量等经济性状指标的差异,并分析了迷迭香生长指标与精油成分含量之间的相关性。【结果】不同龄级迷迭香的生长指标存在不同程度的差异,整体表现为3年生迷迭香相比其他龄级具有一定的优异性。在4个龄级中,3年生迷迭香的鲜质量、干质量均为最高,较其余龄级分别高出20.80%~77.00%、53.47%~120.00%;但其含水率最低,较其余龄级低8.13%~9.06%。各龄级内新梢长度差异均较大,且偏差有随其龄级增高而增大的趋势。迷迭香含精油率随其生长年限增长均有极显著提高,2、3、5、7年生迷迭香含精油率为0.48%~1.54%。精油成分种类随生长年限增加而增多,3、5、7年生迷迭香精油分别有47、53、64种成分,主要成分含量(峰面积占比大于1)先增加后下降,在3、5、7年生迷迭香精油中主要成分含量分别占总含量的90.92%、92.51%、91.20%,3、5、7年生迷迭香精油具有α-蒎烯、莰烯等18种共有主要成分。3年生迷迭香精油独有主要成分为(+)-2-冰片酮。【结论】不同龄级迷迭香的生长指标及精油成分间存在不同程度的差异性及相关性,以其生长指标等为监测依据筛选适宜收获期,有利于迷迭香定向利用。

Biochemical Characteristics of Saint Mary’s Thistle Varieties (<i>Silybum marianum</i>L. <i>Gaertn.</i>) under Soil-Climate Conditions of the Khorezm Region

This article deals with the biochemical characteristics of varieties of Saint Mary’s Thistle such as Panacea, Debut and Samaryanka. Based on the studies, it was found that the highest oil content was found in the species Debut (26%). The lowest oil content was observed in the variety Samaryanka (19%). The highest protein content and the sum of total amino acids in the seeds of St. Mary’s Thistle varieties were found in the variety Debut (131.1), and the lowest indication was observed in the species Samaryanka (79.2). By the number of replaceable amino acids existing in the seeds of the species of St. Mary’s Thistle, it was found in the Varieties Debut (126.3), and the lowest indication was observed in the variety Samaryanka (112). Based on the results of studies and the noted biochemical characteristics and varietal differences of the St. Mary’s Thistle, the possibility and expediency of expanding the crops of this species in the soil and climatic conditions of the Khorezm region are suggested. The research was conducted 2017-2019 y.

阜阳市薄荷品种精油成分分析

[目的]筛选出地区适应性强、产量高、活性成分含量高的亚洲薄荷优良种质,推动阜阳市薄荷产业的高质量发展。[方法]以阜阳市薄荷主要种植区的30份薄荷品种资源为研究对象,对精油含量、精油成分及相对含量进行检测分析。[结果]30份薄荷品种精油含量平均值为2.14%,其中M-23品种最高,达3.50%。精油化学型主要为薄荷醇型和氧化胡椒酮型等化学型。薄荷醇型中M-1品种的薄荷醇含量最高,达77.91%。氧化胡椒酮型中M-26品种的氧化胡椒酮含量最高,达56.19%。在30份薄荷品种资源中,有25种达到了2020版《中国药典》的标准,24种达到了当地采购商的采购要求。[结论]M-1、M-3、M-19、M-27这4个薄荷品种精油含量高、薄荷醇含量高,精油品质好,适合在阜阳地区推广应用。

不同树龄黄樟精油含量及主成分变化

为提高不同树龄的黄樟精油利用率,促进黄樟各部位精油综合开发利用,本文分别对3年生、5年生、15年生和30年生芳樟醇型黄樟叶、枝、干、根的精油含量及其主要化学成分变化进行研究。结果表明:随着黄樟树龄的增大,黄樟叶、枝、干和根精油含量均呈上升趋势,各个树龄黄樟不同部位精油含量排序均为叶>根>干>枝。不同树龄芳樟醇型黄樟叶精油化学成分均以芳樟醇为主,芳樟醇精油含量在1.22%以上,且相对含量在94.18%以上。根部精油化学成分以黄樟油素为主,且各个树龄的黄樟根部精油含量均较高,尤其树龄30 a后,根部精油含量达到0.67%,接近叶精油含量的1/2。黄樟作为南方重要的天然植物精油生产原料树种,种植后高产高质生产利用时间可达30 a以上,且不同部位多种精油综合开发利用前景广阔。

贵州6种花椒精油含量测定及组成成分比较研究

采用蒸馏法,对在贵州不同地域生长的6种3年生花椒资源开展了精油提取,通过气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)对精油成分开展对比分析。结果表明,6种花椒资源精油含量为7.5~23.2 mL/kg,遵义新舟青花椒的精油含量最高。6种花椒资源精油共检测出24种化合物成分,其中13种烯类、6种醇类、4种烷类、1种醛类,其共有组分数1个。红花椒以桉叶油素、柠檬烯为主,含量较高,分别达38.22%、35.50%;青花椒以芳樟醇为主,含量在50.71%~94.40%。

佛手精油的提取技术研究

以佛手果为研究对象,测定其精油的含量,并通过水蒸气蒸馏法对佛手中的精油进行分离提取,在料液比1∶2,蒸馏时间4 h,NaCl添加量为3%的条件下,获得最高提取得率3.01‰。

折光法在线测定混合溶剂中丙酮

建立在线折光法快速测定混合溶剂中丙酮浓度的方法。采用MSDR-SH 70系列防爆浓度传感器,以折射率为检测信号,在线检测丙酮-植物油抽提溶剂混合溶剂中丙酮浓度,同时研究了混合溶剂中姜精油含量、含水率高低对溶剂折光率波动的影响。实际生产中引入的姜精油含量、含水量对实际控制的混合溶剂折射率影响不大。通过测定不同浓度丙酮-植物油抽提混合溶剂在20~50℃范围内的折射率,利用最小二乘法原理和python编程建立了浓度、温度和折射率之间的关系曲线和经验公式(n=1.37732-0.00014φ-0.00036t)。自制11批样品重复测量5次的相对标准偏差均不大于2.2%,说明该方法检测精密度良好;与理论值相比,测定值的相对偏差均不大于5.0%,说明该方法准确度较高。在线取样检测值与气相色谱法检测值对比,绝对误差不大于2%,可满足车间实际生产过程控制需要。

艾叶配方颗粒HPLC特征图谱及含量的测定

采用高效液相色谱法测定艾叶配方颗粒中的绿原酸及挥发油含量,建立该制剂的特征图谱。色谱柱为Agilent 5TC-C_(18)(150 mm×4.6 mm,3.0μm),流动相为乙腈-0.1%甲酸溶液(梯度洗脱),流速1.0 mL·min^(-1),检测波长325 nm,柱温30℃。对相对保留时间进行评价,确定共有峰。结果表明,15批标准汤剂样品的HPLC图谱中有6个共有峰,2号峰为绿原酸。绿原酸浓度在0.6263~25.0013 mg·g^(-1)(r^(2)=0.999),与峰面积线性关系良好,精密度、稳定性、重复性试验的RSD均小于2.00%(n=6),平均加样回收率为98.96%(n=6),RSD为0.75%。15批煎液中挥发油平均转移率为9.47%。结果说明,该方法简单,准确,重复性好,可用于艾叶配方颗粒的质量评价。

不同产地广藿香在梅州地区的引种表现

为观察比较不同产地广藿香Pogostemon cablin在梅州市的生长和品质,文章以海南广藿香、湛江广藿香、高州广藿香、肇庆广藿香为研究材料,管理措施完全相同,采收期分别为定植后60、90、120、180天,然后观察比较广藿香生长状况以及精油含量。定植180天以后统计不同产地广藿香的苗木保存率。结果表明:湛江广藿香在整个生长期,长势都要优于其他产地广藿香,其产量和苗木保存率也远高于其他产地广藿香;不同产地广藿香在同一生长时期,精油含量差异不显著;同一产地广藿香的精油含量随生长期延长而增加,精油含量在不同生长时期差异显著,到180天时,精油含量达到最高。湛江广藿香的产量更高、抗逆性最强,相较于其他产地广藿香,更适宜在梅州地区推广种植。

茴香精油含量和质量影响因素的研究进展

从亚种与变种、生长与发育、栽培条件、产地和贮藏等方面对茴香精油含量和质量影响研究进展进行了综述,并就中国茴香生产中存在的问题及未来研究方向进行了讨论。

云南凤尾茶精油成分分析

采用水蒸汽蒸馏方法从云南建水县野生凤尾茶全草中得到精油,用GC-MS手段进行分析,鉴定了22个化合物,并采用线性归一化方法测定各化学成分的相对含量.

益智挥发油成分的GC-MS分析

用气相色谱/质谱/计算机联用技术分析中药益智超临界CO_2流体萃取的挥发油成分,其中解析釜Ⅰ挥发油出峰193个,解析釜Ⅱ挥发油出峰210个;分别鉴定出139个化合物和155个化合物。

人工施用氮肥、磷肥对宽叶羌活产量和质量的影响

羌活作为一种重要的药用植物,受野生资源的限制,开展羌活的人工栽培研究具有重要的意义。2004-2006年,在甘肃省渭源县会川野生药材驯化栽培基地开展田间试验,研究了施氮和施磷对宽叶羌活药材产量、浸出物含量和挥发油含量的影响。结果表明,羌活药材产量和挥发油含量随施氮量的增加而增加,而浸出物含量随施氮量的增加呈先增后降的变化趋势;产量随施磷量增加而增加,浸出物含量随施磷量呈先减后增的变化趋势,而挥发油随施磷量的增加呈先增后降的变化趋势。在N375kg/hm2配合P2O5600kg/hm2(N2P2)处理下羌活药材产量达最高值,较不施化肥(N0P0)增产20.39%;N300kg/hm2(N1P0)处理浸出物含量最高,较不施肥处理提高12.32%;N375kg/hm2配合P2O5450kg/hm2(N2P1)处理挥发油含量最高,较不施肥处理提高22.73%。从挥发油中共检测出89个色谱峰,分离出80种化合物,占挥发油总量的95.74%～99.32%。相对含量最高的波谱峰出现在21～22min,各处理主要化学成分的相对含量有所不同。同时还鉴定出了一些新发现的化合物。

玫瑰花精油含量的动态变化

对引种至杨凌的保加利亚玫瑰精油含量动态变化进行系统的研究.结果表明：玫瑰花在完全开放时精油含量最高,提取精油的玫瑰花应在这一时期进行采摘;整个花期中（约1个月）,产花量先是逐渐增大,然后逐渐减少,出油率初花期和末花期较高,盛花期相对较低,出油率与产花量呈负相关关系;天气晴朗时,一天中的最佳采摘时间为上午5：00～8：00,最迟须在上午10：00以前采摘完毕;阴雨的天气,采摘时间可适当延长.

野生与栽培茅苍术挥发油成分的比较分析

采用气相色谱法分析茅苍术〔Atractylodes lancea(Thunb.)DC.〕在原产地及引种栽培1年后5个主要挥发油成分的含量变化。结果表明,江苏产茅苍术挥发油成分以苍术酮和苍术素为主;湖北产茅苍术挥发油的主要成分为茅术醇和β-桉叶醇;不同产地野生茅苍术挥发油的主要成分和含量明显不同;引种栽培至同一环境(江苏南京)后,茅苍术挥发油的主要成分及含量差异明显减小,表明产地对茅苍术挥发油有效成分的组成有一定的影响。

樟树油樟、脑樟和异樟化学型的叶精油成分及含量分析

于3月和5月分两次重复采集樟树油樟、脑樟和异樟3个化学型、每个化学型采集10棵样株的叶样;用水蒸气蒸馏法提取每棵样株的叶精油,从每棵样株精油中吸取等量精油,组成该化学型的混合样;用气相色谱-质谱联用技术,对每个化学型的叶精油成分进行分离鉴定;采用峰面积归一法确定各成分的相对含量。结果表明:(1)不同采样时间(3月样为老叶,5月样为新叶),同一化学型精油成分种类及其含量基本一致。(2)不同化学型之间,精油成分种类差异显著。油樟精油成分有51种,已鉴定出39种;脑樟精油成分有54种,已鉴定出47种;异樟精油成分有54种,已鉴定出40种。在已鉴定的成分中,3个化学型鉴定出的不同成分共有73种。其中3个化学型共有的成分有16种;油樟与脑樟共有的成分有9种;异樟与脑樟共有的成分有7种;油樟和异樟共有的成分有5种。油樟特有成分有9种;脑樟特有成分有12种;异樟特有成分有12种。(3)精油中主成分及其含量差异显著。油樟叶精油中含量大于1%的成分有8种;含量大于10%的成分有2种,即桉叶油醇和β-水芹烯;主成分桉叶油醇,两次试样的含量分别为53.38%和50.80%。脑樟精油中含量大于1%的成分有9种,含量大于10%的成分有1种,即樟脑,其含量两次试样分别为65.21%和73.40%,为绝对主导成分。异樟叶精油中含量大于1%的成分有9种;含量大于10%的成分有4种,其含量两次试样分别为:异-橙花叔醇为26.02%和29.21%,桉叶油醇为17.66%和18.05%,三甲基-2-丁烯酸环丁酯为13.90%和16.01%,异丁香酚甲醚为13.66%和12.07%,即异樟叶精油中没有占绝对主导的成分。