Trigonometric Regularization and Continuation Method Based Time-Optimal Control of Hypersonic Vehicles

Aiming at the time-optimal control problem of hypersonic vehicles(HSV)in ascending stage,a trigonometric regularization method(TRM)is introduced based on the indirect method of optimal control.This method avoids analyzing the switching function and distinguishing between singular control and bang-bang control,where the singular control problem is more complicated.While in bang-bang control,the costate variables are unsmooth due to the control jumping,resulting in difficulty in solving the two-point boundary value problem(TPBVP)induced by the indirect method.Aiming at the easy divergence when solving the TPBVP,the continuation method is introduced.This method uses the solution of the simplified problem as the initial value of the iteration.Then through solving a series of TPBVP,it approximates to the solution of the original complex problem.The calculation results show that through the above two methods,the time-optimal control problem of HSV in ascending stage under the complex model can be solved conveniently.

Application Analysis of Doctor-Nurse Cooperation Follow-up Model Based on the Internet Platform in Continuation Care of Patients after Urooncology Surgery

Objective:To explore the application effect of a doctor-nurse cooperation follow-up model based on an Internet platform in the continuation of care for patients after uro-oncology surgery.Methods:A convenient sampling method was used to select patients with urinary system tumors who underwent surgery in the Department of Urology in Grade III A general hospital in Shanghai from May to August 2022.Patients who underwent surgery from May to June 2022 were assigned to the control group,and those who underwent surgery from July to August 2022 were assigned to the experimental group.The control group received routine post-discharge nursing health education and telephone follow-up.On the basis of routine discharge guidance,the experimental group implemented the intervention method based on the Internet platform in continuation care.The levels of self-management efficacy,satisfaction,and incidence of unplanned readmission were compared one month after discharge between the two groups.Results:One month after discharge,the self-management efficacy of the experimental group(90.15±7.92)was significantly higher than that of the control group(79.10±7.84),and the patient satisfaction score(97.83±2.32)was significantly higher than that of the control group(90.23±2.58),with statistical significance(P<0.05).Additionally,the incidence of unplanned readmissions within one month after discharge in the experimental group(1.59%)was slightly lower than that in the control group(4.84%).Conclusion:The doctor-nurse cooperation follow-up model based on the Internet platform in continuation care can significantly improve the self-management efficiency of patients after discharge and enhance patient satisfaction,providing a new approach for discharge follow-up of urological tumor patients after surgery.

Correlation between key indicators of continuous glucose monitoring and the risk of diabetic foot

BACKGROUND Continuous glucose monitoring(CGM)metrics,such as time in range(TIR)and glycemic risk index(GRI),have been linked to various diabetes-related complications,including diabetic foot(DF).AIM To investigate the association between CGM-derived indicators and the risk of DF in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).METHODS A total of 591 individuals with T2DM(297 with DF and 294 without DF)were enrolled.Relevant clinical data,complications,comorbidities,hematological parameters,and 72-hour CGM data were collected.Logistic regression analysis was employed to examine the relationship between these measurements and the risk of DF.RESULTS Individuals with DF exhibited higher mean blood glucose(MBG)levels and increased proportions of time above range(TAR),TAR level 1,and TAR level 2,but lower TIR(all P<0.001).Patients with DF had significantly lower rates of achieving target ranges for TIR,TAR,and TAR level 2 than those without DF(all P<0.05).Logistic regression analysis revealed that GRI,MBG,and TAR level 1 were positively associated with DF risk,while TIR was inversely correlated(all P<0.05).Achieving TIR and TAR was inversely correlated with white blood cell count and glycated hemoglobin A1c levels(P<0.05).Additionally,achieving TAR was influenced by fasting plasma glucose,body mass index,diabetes duration,and antidiabetic medication use.CONCLUSION CGM metrics,particularly TIR and GRI,are significantly associated with the risk of DF in T2DM,emphasizing the importance of improved glucose control.

Continuous-flow columns packed with zero-valent iron and iron sulfide as a feasible strategy to remediate the persistent contaminant nitroguanidine

The insensitive munitions compound nitroguanidine(NQ)is used by the U.S.Army to avoid unintended explosions.However,NQ also represents an emerging contaminant whose environmental emissions can cause toxicity toward aquatic organisms,indicating the need for effective remediation strategies.Thus,we investigated the feasibility of treating water contaminated with NQ in continuous-flow columns packed with zero-valent iron(ZVI)or iron sulfide(FeS).Initially,the impact of pH on NQ transformation by ZVI or FeS was evaluated in batch experiments.The pseudo first-order rate constant for NQ transformation(k_(1,NQ))by ZVI was 8-10 times higher at pH 3.0 compared to pH 5.5 and 7.0,whereas similar k_(1,NQ)values were obtained for FeS at pH 5.5-10.0.Based on these findings,the influent p H fed to the ZVIand Fe S-packed columns was adjusted to 3.0 and 5.5,respectively.Both reactors transformed NQ into nitrosoguanidine(Nso Q).Further transformation of Nso Q by ZVI produced aminoguanidine,guanidine,and cyanamide,whereas Nso Q transformation by Fe S produced guanidine,ammonium,and traces of urea.ZVI outperformed Fe S as a reactive material to remove NQ.The ZVI-packed column effectively removed NQ below detection even after 45 d of operation(490 pore volumes,PV).In contrast,NQ breakthrough(removal efficiency<85%)was observed after 18 d(180 PV)in the Fe S-packed column.The high NQ removal efficiency and long service life of the ZVI-packed column(>490 PV)suggest that the technology is a promising approach for NQ treatment in packed-bed reactors and in situ remediation.

Continuum of glucose and bone metabolism impairment across autonomous cortisol secretion: A cross-sectional study

BACKGROUND Autonomous cortisol secretion(ACS)is linked to a higher prevalence of metabolic abnormalities and an increased risk of major adverse cardiovascular events.AIM To evaluate glucose and bone metabolism in patients with ACS using a continuous glucose monitoring system(CGMS)and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry(DXA).METHODS Patients diagnosed with ACS,including Cushing syndrome,mild ACS(MACS),and nonfunctional adrenal incidentaloma(NFAI),were recruited for this study.Glucose variability and glycemic status were assessed using CGMS.Regional bone mineral content(BMC),bone mineral density(BMD),and bone area(BA)were evaluated using DXA.CGMS-and DXA-derived parameters were compared across the subgroups of ACS.Correlation analysis was performed to examine relationships between varying degrees of cortisol secretion,measured by cortisol after 1 mg overnight dexamethasone suppression test(DST)or 24-hour urine free cortisol(24h UFC),and CGMS-or DXA-derived parameters.RESULTS A total of 64 patients with ACS were included in this study:19 with Cushing syndrome,11 with MACS,and 34 with NFAI.Glucose variability,time above range(TAR),and time in range(TIR)along with specific areal BMC,BMD,and BA,differed significantly between groups of Cushing syndrome and NFAI.A significant positive correlation was observed between glucose variability or TAR and cortisol after 1 mg overnight DST or 24h UFC.By contrast,TIR,along with regional BMC,BMD,and BA,were negatively correlated with varying degrees of cortisol secretion.CONCLUSION Glucose and bone metabolism impairments are on a continuum alteration from NFAI to MACS and Cushing syndrome.Prompt attention should be given to these patients with ACS,especially those with mild hormone secretion.Parameters of glucose variability and glycemic status along with bone condition in regions rich in cancellous bone will provide valuable information.

Web 2.0-Comet-Continuations模式在局部放电实时监测中的应用

针对传统Web模式的实时系统具有的用户体验不理想、数据延迟高和响应速度慢等缺点,通过对Ajax技术和Web工作模式深入分析研究,采用Web 2.0、Comet、Continuations相结合的方式,结合电缆终端局部放电实时监测系统例证,将三维谱图网格化并结合div技术模拟桌面应用程序局部刷新。该模式下系统具有无闪烁、实时性高的特点,并且即使在连接大量客户端时,服务器也只需消耗较少的CPU和内存资源。

An inverse Q-filter algorithm based on stable wavefield continuation

Stability is the key to inverse Q-filtering. In this paper we present a stable approach to inverse Q-filtering, based on the theory of wavefield downward continuation. It is implemented in a layered manner, assuming a layered-earth Q model. For each individual constant Q layer, the seismic wavefield recorded at the surface is first extrapolated down to the top of the current layer and a constant Q inverse filter is then applied to the current layer. When extrapolating within the overburden, a stable wavefield continuation algorithm in combination with a stabilization factor is applied. This avoids accumulating inverse Q-filter errors within the overburden. Within the current constant Q layer, we use Gabor spectral analysis on the signals to pick time-variant gain-constrained frequencies and then deduce the corresponding gain-constrained amplitudes to stabilize the inverse Q-filtering algorithm. The algorithm is tested and verified application to field data.

Downward and upward continuation of 2-D seismic data to eliminate ocean bottom topography's effect

In order to eliminate the effect of ocean bottom topography on seismic wave field,we transformed curved（x,z）coordinate system grids into rectangular（ξ,η）coordinate system grids and derived a 2-D scalar acoustic wave equation in theξ,ηdomain.The seismic wave field collected at the sea surface was downward continued to the ocean bottom by the inverse finite difference method with the water velocity and then was reversely continued to the ocean surface by the finite difference method using the layer velocity from just below the ocean bottom in the（ξ,η）domain.Simulation calculations and practical application show that this method can not only remove the reflection travel time distortion but also correct the dynamic parameter changes caused by the ocean bottom topography.The inverted velocity after wave field continuation is much more accurate than before continuation and the image section was greatly improved compared to the original wave field.

INVESTIGATION OF FLIGHT DYNAMICS OF THRUST VECTORING AIRCRAFT USING EXTENDED CONTINUATION METHODS

This paper presents the flight dynamical behavior of the thrust vectoring aircraft with extended bifurcation and continuation methods. In contrast to the standard bifurcation and continuation methods, the extended methods are capable of calculating the continuation curves of the equilibrium points for the particular type of trimming flight. Therefore, these methods can not only give the performance measures of aircraft, but also determine the stability of trimming points. In this paper, the methods are used to verify the effectiveness of the thrust vectoring control law, to define the flight envelope boundary, to analyze the stability and controllability of trimming flight, and to predict the departures of the instable flight. The result shows that the extended methods provide more flight dynamic information and are useful in preliminary design of the thrust vectoring aircraft.

A method for gravity anomaly separation based on preferential continuation and its application

Based on the preferential continuation method proposed by Pawlowski （1995）, we propose a method and procedure for gravity anomaly separation with the preferential upward continuation operator in the case that the various sources are uncorrelated with one another and the continuation height is enough large. We also present a method for estimating optimum upward-continuation height, based on analyzing the characteristics of the preferential upward continuation operators of a synthesized gravity anomaly varying with different continuation heights. The method is tested on the raw Bouguer gravity data over an iron deposit. The result shows that the method separates the data into regional anomaly and residual anomaly efficiently and clearly.

UNIQUE CONTINUATION AND PERSISTENCE PROPERTIES OF SOLUTIONS OF THE 2-COMPONENT DEGASPERIS-PROCESI EQUATIONS

In this article, the unique continuation and persistence properties of solutions of the 2-component Degasperis-Procesi equations are discussed. It is shown that strong solutions of the 2-component Degasperis-Procesi equations, initially decaying exponentially together with its spacial derivative, must be identically equal to zero if they also decay exponentially at a later time.

CONTINUATION METHOD APPLIED IN KINEMATICS OF PARALLEL ROBOT

Continuation method solving forward kinematics problem of parallel robot was discussed. And through a coefficient-parameter continuation method the efficiency and feasibility of continuation method were improved. Using this method all forward solutions of a new parallel robot model which was put forward lately by Robot Open Laboratory of Science Institute of China were obtained. Therefore it provided the basis of mechanism analysis and real-time control for new model.

Exploration of Unbound States by Analytical Continuation in the Coupling Constant Method Within Relativistic Mean Field Theory

For the first time,the analytical continuation in the coupling constant method has been combined with the relativistic mean field theory to study the unbound states in spherical nuclei.The 1d_(3/2) neutron state in ^(16)O and the 2d_(5/2) and 1g_(9/2) neutron states in ^(48)Ca are taken as examples.The calculated energies and widths are compared with available data.

Improved Method and Application of EMD Endpoint Continuation Processing for Blasting Vibration Signals

In order to deal with the non-stationary characteristics of blasting vibration signals and the end issue in the empirical mode decomposition(EMD), an improved endpoint continuation method is proposed. First, the linear continuation method of extreme points is used to determine the extremum of the signal endpoint fast. Secondly, the extreme points of transition section outside the signal ends are obtained by a mirror continuation method of extreme points, and then the envelope and continuation curve of the transition section of the signal are constructed. Lastly, the sinusoid of the stationary section outside the signal is constructed to achieve the continuation curve from the transition section to the stationary section. Based on the "singular extreme points" phenomenon of blasting vibration signal, the negative maxima and positive minimum are eliminated, then the maximum and minimum are guaranteed to appear at intervals. Thus,the number of iterations is reduced and the instability of EMD decomposition is improved. The calculation formula of amplitude, cycle and initial phase are given for the transition section and stationary section outside the signal. The endpoint processing effect of the simulated signal and the measured blasting vibration signal show that the improved endpoint continuation method can suppress the signal endpoint effect well.

Downward continuation of airborne geomagnetic data based on two iterative regularization methods in the frequency domain

Downward continuation is a key step in processing airborne geomagnetic data. However,downward continuation is a typically ill-posed problem because its computation is unstable; thus, regularization methods are needed to realize effective continuation. According to the Poisson integral plane approximate relationship between observation and continuation data, the computation formulae combined with the fast Fourier transform（FFT）algorithm are transformed to a frequency domain for accelerating the computational speed. The iterative Tikhonov regularization method and the iterative Landweber regularization method are used in this paper to overcome instability and improve the precision of the results. The availability of these two iterative regularization methods in the frequency domain is validated by simulated geomagnetic data, and the continuation results show good precision.

Wavefield continuation datuming using a near surface model

When topography and low velocity zone differences vary greatly, conventional vertical static time shifts will cause wavefield distortion and influence wave equation seismic imaging for seismic data acquired on a complex near surface. In this paper, we propose an approach to datum correction that combines a joint tomography inversion with wavefield continuation to solve the static problem for seismic data on rugged acquisition topography. First, the near surface model is obtained by refracted wave tomography inversion. Second, the wavefield of sources and receivers are continued downward and upward to accomplish datum correction starting from a flat surface and locating the datum above topography. Based on the reciprocal theorem, Huygens＇ and Fresnel principles, the location of sources and receivers, and regarding the recorded data on the surface as a secondary emission, the sources and receivers are upward-continued to the datum above topography respectively. Thus, the datum correction using joint tomography inversion and wavefield continuation with the condition of a complex near surface is accomplished.

Effect of Interaction Intensity on Alignment and EFL Learners’ Oral Production in the ReadingSpeaking Integrated Continuation Task

This study aims to uncover the relationship between interaction and alignment in a readingspeaking integrated continuation task, especially focusing on whether an increase in interaction intensity can lead to stronger alignment and further generate positive effects on L2 learning. To this end, 31 participants were asked to perform reading-speaking integrated continuation tasks under three different conditions featuring low, medium and high interaction intensity respectively. The results showed that 1) alignment existed in the reading-speaking integrated continuation task;2)increasing interaction intensity generated stronger alignment at both linguistic and situational levels;3) growing interaction intensity contributed to more coherent and accurate L2 oral production. These findings not only proved the workings of mind-body-world alignment, but also testified that increasing interaction intensity could bring about a stronger alignment effect(Wang,2010), which then contributed to better L2 oral performance. These findings confirm again the role of interaction in L2 learning and suggest that alignment could possibly be a mediating factor that links interaction and L2 development. Pedagogical implications for teaching and learning L2 speaking are discussed.

A GLOBAL LINEAR AND LOCAL QUADRATIC SINGLE-STEP NONINTERIOR CONTINUATION METHOD FOR MONOTONE SEMIDEFINITE COMPLEMENTARITY PROBLEMS

A noninterior continuation method is proposed for semidefinite complementarity problem （SDCP）. This method improves the noninterior continuation methods recently developed for SDCP by Chen and Tseng. The main properties of our method are： （i） it is well d.efined for the monotones SDCP; （ii） it has to solve just one linear system of equations at each step; （iii） it is shown to be both globally linearly convergent and locally quadratically convergent under suitable assumptions.

Investigating the Use of Translation Continuation Tasks in Commercial Translation Teaching: A Study on Translating User Manuals

Based on the xu-argument, this study investigated the use of translation continuation tasks in commercial translation instruction. Forty-four second-year Business English majors at a Chinese university participated in the study. They were divided into equal-sized control and experimental groups. Members of the experimental group were asked to read Chinese-English parallel texts from a user manual, while those of the control group were asked to read the Chinese text only.Subsequently, both groups were required to translate the continued Chinese text into English. The results indicated the following: 1) the experimental group’s translated text was of significantly higher quality than that of the control group;and 2) the experimental group’s translations were well-aligned with the original text in their use of terminology, sentence structure, and stylistic features. The study concludes by suggesting that translation continuation tasks can improve commercial translation instruction and hence should be further applied in practice.

Solving a Class of Nonlinear Programming Problems via a Homotopy Continuation Method

In this paper we present a homotopy continuation method for finding the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker point of a class of nonlinear non-convex programming problems. Two numerical examples are given to show that this method is effective. It should be pointed out that we extend the results of Lin et al. （see Appl. Math. Comput., 80（1996）, 209-224） to a broader class of non-convex programming problems.