Surface quality, microstructure and mechanical properties of Cu-Sn alloy plate prepared by two-phase zone continuous casting

Cu-4.7%Sn （mass fraction） alloy plate was prepared by the self-developed two-phase zone continuous casting （TZCC） process. The relationship between process parameters of TZCC and surface quality of the alloy plate was investigated. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the TZCC alloy plate were analyzed. The results show that Cu-4.7%Sn alloy plate with smooth surface can be obtained by means of reasonable matching the entrance temperature of two-phase zone mold and the continuous casting speed. The microstructure of the TZCC alloy is composed of grains-covered grains, small grains with self-closed grain boundaries, columnar grains and equiaxed grains. Compared with cold mold continuous casting Cu-4.7%Sn alloy plate, the room temperature tensile strength and ductility of the TZCC alloy plate are greatly improved.

Effect of cooling structure on thermal behavior of copper plates of slab continuous casting mold

A three-dimensional finite-element model of slab continuous casting mold was conducted to clarify the effect of cooling structure on thermal behavior of copper plates. The results show that temperature distribution of hot surface is mainly governed by cooling structure and heat-transfer conditions. For hot surface centricity, maximum surface temperature promotions are 30 ℃and 15 ℃ with thickness increments of copper plates of 5 mm and nickel layers of 1 ram, respectively. The surface temperature without nickel layers is depressed by 10 ℃ when the depth increment of water slots is 2 mm and that with nickel layers adjacent to and away from mold outlet is depressed by 7℃ and 5 ℃, respectively. The specific trend of temperature distribution of transverse sections of copper plates is nearly free of cooling structure, but temperature is changed and its law is similar to the corresponding surface temperature.

Hot compressive deformation of eutectic Al-17at%Cu alloy on the interface of the Cu-Al composite plate produced by horizontal continuous casting

On the interface of the Cu-Al composite plate from horizontal continuous casting,the eutectic microstructure layer thickness ac-counts for more than 90%of the total interface thickness,and the deformation in rolling forming plays an important role in the quality of the composite plate.The eutectic microstructure material on the interface of the Cu-Al composite plate was prepared by changing the cooling rate of ingot solidification and the deformation in hot compression was investigated.The results show that when the deformation temperature is over 300℃,the softening effect of dynamic recrystallization ofα-Al is greater than the hardening effect,and uniform plastic deformation of eutectic microstructure is caused.The constitutive equation of flow stress in the eutectic microstructure layer was established by Arrhenius hy-perbolic-sine mathematics model,providing a reliable theoretical basis for the deformation of the Cu-Al composite plate.

Research on horizontal electromagnetic continuous casting of copper tube blanks

The effect of commercial frequency electromagnetic field on the solidification structure and mechanical propertiesof copper hollow blanks prepared by horizontal continuous casting method was investigated. The results show thatwhen the electromagnetic field is imposed, columnar grains are evidently refined and fine equiaxed grains areobtained in the inner side of the cross-section. Moreover, with the increase of input current, the equiaxed grain regionwidens and the grains distribute more uniformly in the circumferential direction. Meanwhile, the mechanical properties areremarkably improved by the application of electromagnetic field. When the input current is 140 A, the tensile strengthincreases 15% and the elongation increases 10%. However, the electromagnetic field has no effect on the distribution ofmicroelements.

EFFECT OF SUBMERGED ENTRY NOZZLE (SEN) PARAMETERS AND SHAPE ON 3-D FLUID FLOW IN MOULD FOR BEAM BLANK CONTINUOUS CASTING

According to turbulent theory and characteristics of beam blank continuous casting, 3-D model to represent the flow of beam blank mould is established. The predicted results indicate that the exit obliquity of up 15°(+15°) should be adopted, which will benefit the floatation of non-metallic inclusion and purification of the molten steel. When the nozzle angle is 120°, the flow pattern is reasonable. Proper nozzle depth can be 200mm. Turbulent kinetic of meniscus can be reduced by adopting the square nozzle and suitable area of side outlet when casting speed increases. The results are consistent with those of water model experiment, so the model is exact and reasonable. The model can provide important information for design of SEN and defining of immersion depth.

The effect of the continuous casting process on ultrasonically-tested defects in heavy plates

A plate＇s internal quality is very critical, especially for boilers and high-pressure vessels. The ultrasonic test （UT） is the main type of non-destructive flaw detection for heavy plates, which is important because one of the main reasons for plate defects is ultrasonic flaws. This study, based on Baosteel＇ s practical experience in the manufacture of heavy plates, elucidates the cause of defect formation by analyzing ultrasonic flaw testing maps and using special equipment, such as the scanning electron microscope, electron probe and the optical microscope. The author puts forward the following improvement measures： ① Ultrasonic flaws are caused by central porosity and segregation,[H] bubbles and inclusion in slabs.②Ultrasonic flaws are more likely to occur in the bottom and top of slabs rather than the other positions in the casting sequence. It is clear that one-quarter of the inner camber＇ s thickness is accumulated inclusion.③It is clear that overheating in the tundish and the flow of the casting mould have an effect on ultrasonic flaws caused by inclusions.④Soft reduction improves central porosity and segregation,which decreases the number of ultrasonic flaws in the plate.

Fluid Flow and Solidification Simulation in Beam Blank Continuous Casting Process With 3D Coupled Model

Based on turbulent theory, a 3D coupled model of fluid flow and solidification was built using finite difference method and used to study the influence of superheating degree and casting speed on fluid flow and solidification, analyze the interaction between shell and molten steel, and compare the temperature distribution under different technological conditions. The results indicate that high superheating degree can lengthen the liquid-core depth and make the crack and breakout possible, so suitable superheating should be controlled within 35℃ according to the simulation results. Casting speed which is one of the most important technological parameters of improving production rate, should be controlled between 0. 85 m/min and 1.05 m/min and the caster has great potential in the improvement of blank quality.

Establishment of mathematical moment model in twin casting rolling rolls

In continuous casting rolling process, the deformed body is different from the hot rolling strip. The metal in casting rolling zone is first assumed to be viscous fluid and the mathematical model of casting rolling force is established, then the calculating formula for casting rolling torque is derived. In addition, considering the effects of deforming cone and appendant torque of rotary junctions sealing ring, the calculating model which accords with casting rolling condition is found out. Theoretical formula is proved by experiment.

Flow stress and constitutive relations of ship plate steel continuous casting slab with solidification end reduction process

In order to describe the thermal–mechanical behavior of the ship plate steel continuous casting slab during solidification end heavy reduction(HR)process accurately,its constitutive behavior was investigated by a single-pass thermal compression experiment.According to the deformation features of wide thick continuous casting slab with HR,the simulation temperature ranged from 1173 to 1573 K with strain rates of 0.0001,0.001,0.01 and 0.1 s^(-1).Three different constitutive models,the modified Johnson–Cook(JC)model,the modified Zerilli–Armstrong(ZA)model and the Arrhenius model,were established according to the obtained true stress–strain curves.The average relative error of the modified JC model,the modified ZA model and the Arrhenius model are 10.82%,9.96%and 6.21%,respectively.Considering the obvious softening effect of the flow curve at a low strain rate,the secondary softening factor under the interaction of low strain rate and the temperature was introduced in the original Arrhenius model.Compared to the Arrhenius model,the modified Arrhenius model error decreased from 6.21%to 4.73%.

前箱熔体温度对8011铝合金铸轧板坯组织性能的影响

为了稳定提高双零铝箔用铸轧坯料质量,使用电解铝液配料生产规格为7.0 mm×1300 mm的8011铝合金铸轧铝板卷,并利用光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)及电子万能拉伸试验机等手段,研究了不同前箱铝熔体温度(680,690,700,710℃)对8011铝合铸轧板坯微观组织和力学性能的影响.结果表明:随着前箱熔体温度的升高,铸轧板坯晶粒的尺寸呈略微增大再急剧变大的趋势,其抗拉强度和断后伸长率均呈先缓慢降低后急剧下降的趋势;当前箱熔体温度控制在680~700℃时,可获得综合力学性能较佳的铸轧板坯,其平均纵向抗拉强度和横向抗拉强度分别不低于141.87 MPa和138.84 MPa,平均纵向断后伸长率和横向断后伸长率分别不低于29.8%和26.4%.

AZ31B镁合金连续铸轧板材搅拌摩擦搭焊接头组织研究

对AZ31B镁合金连续铸轧板材进行搅拌头逆时针与顺时针相结合的二道搅拌摩擦搭接焊。经对其搭接接头横截面的焊缝宏观及不同部位微观组织对比来分析二道搅拌摩擦焊对焊接接头塑性组织及成形的影响。结果表明:焊核区等轴晶粒组织特别细小、均匀;过渡区晶粒组织大小起伏较大,略大于焊核,较小于母材组织;前进侧界面迁移呈现大弧度卷起,比较突兀与焊核隔断,形成钩状缺陷,而后退侧界面迁移线缓缓渗入中部焊核区,渐渐消失于焊核组织内;前进侧迁移线的成形特点相比于孔洞隧道缺陷,成为整个焊接接头最薄弱部分;前进侧界面迁移线边的组织融合影响了对焊接头的成形;二道搅拌摩擦搭接两次搅拌头旋转方向同为逆时针时,能得到表面良好、组织熔合紧密、强度较高接头;当搭接接头上板为后退侧时,与上板为前进侧相比,搭接接头能够承受更大剪切力。

连铸过程中的提拉速工业试验研究

高效连铸的核心是高拉速技术,目前高拉速技术在钢铁工业生产中占据着十分重要的地位。为探究拉速对于钢水洁净度的影响,以镀锡板钢种为研究对象,在连铸过程中开展了提拉速工业试验研究,对中间包、铸坯和冷轧卷夹杂物的密度、平均尺寸、夹杂物形态比及夹杂物种类进行了分析检验。结果表明:拉速对于夹杂物类别影响不大,夹杂物均为Al_(2)O_(3)夹杂、Al_(2)O_(3)-CaS/(CaS-MnS)复合夹杂、Al_(2)O_(3)-CaO-MgO复合氧化物夹杂、MnS/(CaS-MnS)硫化物夹杂;但与低拉速相比,高拉速下产量有明显增加,且有利于减少Al_(2)O_(3)-CaS/(CaS-MnS)复合夹杂的产生。这些结果为提拉速后的夹杂物研究提供了重要的理论指导。

中厚板Q235B表面纵裂原因分析及控制

Q235B中厚板是敬业集团2022年的主流产品之一,但是自进入4月份以后,大批量Q235B板材表面出现纵裂缺陷,每月纵裂缺陷品占Q235B总产量的比例最高达到0.41%,造成了严重的经济损失。针对中厚板Q235B表面纵裂缺陷造成大量板材降级问题,通过跟踪Q235B板坯的炼钢连铸生产过程,对比纵裂缺陷品的工艺参数,研究了纵裂的原因并制定了相关控制措施。从钢水质量、浇注稳定性、铸坯凝固平衡性三方面入手,通过控制钢水冶炼成分碳含量0.15%~0.17%、硫含量小于0.012%,保证精炼软吹效果、减少钢中夹杂物,稳定铸坯拉速波动小于0.1 m/min,优化浇注工艺、水口插入深度115~125 mm,结晶器冷却制度、平衡铸坯宽窄面热流密度等措施,使Q235B板坯表面纵裂纹发生率得到明显控制,9月份纵裂缺陷品占比0.128%,较8月份减少0.283%。

异型坯连铸机黏结漏钢的原因分析及控制措施

对异型坯连铸机黏结漏钢的原因进行了分析,导致异型坯黏结的主要原因与保护渣的理化性能、钢种、异常操作、浸入式水口偏斜、钢水温度、结晶器液面波动、结晶器铜板使用寿命等方面有关。在这些方面制定了相关控制措施,有效降低了连铸机黏结漏钢概率。

铅银合金阳极板自动化生产技术应用

阳极板的质量好坏在电解金属锰生产过程中直接影响着金属锰的生产成本。随着工业和生产力的不断发展。以人工为主进行阳极板生产的工艺已经落后,需要依靠自动化的工业产线实现阳极板的自动化生产,如何选择适合铅银合金阳极板自动化生产的工艺是实现阳极板自动化生产的主要因素。根据铅银合金阳极板的材质特性结合铅酸电池的生产工艺和汽车加工制造的工艺,主要就如何实现铅银合金阳极板自动化生产进行了简单的阐述。

Analysis of Thermal Behavior for Beam Blank Continuous Casting Mold

Finite element models of steady heat conduction for cross section of beam blank mold were developed by using ABAQUS software. The effect of mold grinding thickness, cooling water velocity, diameter of restrietor rods and water channel design on hot face temperature was analyzed in detail. Attention was focused on the peak temperature and temperature uniformity along hot face. The results showed that the peak temperature of existing mold, about 337.2 ℃, is located in the fillet, and two valleys of hot face temperature are found in flange corner and junction of wide face and narrow face, respectively. Decreasing mold thickness, increasing cooling water velocity and increasing diameter of restrictor rods can all reduce peak temperature and improve temperature uniformity along hot race at the expense of lower overall temperature. Redesigning the water channel can decrease peak temperature and thermal gradient of mold without lowering overall temperature of hot face. In particular, the small hole design can improve temperature uniformity across hot face and obtain the best advantage.

板坯连铸机扇形段导向机构精细化设计

为了提高某钢厂板坯连铸机的使用寿命,提高生产稳定性和作业率及提升产品质量,对该板坯连铸机扇形段进行了重新设计。通过计算分析扇形段滑板间隙与锁死行程极限差以及辊缝偏差之间的影响规律,从而确定最优的板坯扇形段导向滑板方式和滑板间隙。研究表明:外侧滑板设置为长滑板、内侧滑板设置为短滑板优于外侧滑板设置为短滑板、内侧滑板设置为长滑板,不容易出现卡死现象;此外,辊缝偏差随着滑板间隙的增大而逐渐增大,但趋势逐渐减缓。计算分析后,上框架与侧框架之间的滑板间隙设计为0.5 mm,外侧滑板设置为长滑板,内侧滑板设置为短滑板,有利于提高扇形段运行稳定可靠性,改善连铸机生产作业效率。

AZ31B镁合金连铸板材双道搅拌摩擦搭接焊的力学性能

对AZ31B镁合金连铸板材进行搅拌头逆时针与顺时针不同结合形式的双道搅拌摩擦搭接焊。对焊缝横截面进行了观察,测量了接头的显微硬度,对试样进行了剪切试验和断口扫描分析。结果表明:所有焊缝均有孔洞缺陷;焊核区硬度值相对较大;过渡区硬度值起伏波动较大,略低于母材硬度值;整体上试样后退侧硬度值略高于前进侧;当两道焊接的搅拌头旋转方向均为逆时针时,搭接接头承受的剪切力最大,为6.58 kN,在上板前进侧的迁移线位置发生断裂,断裂形式属于脆性断裂。

连铸结晶器镍−钴−氧化铈复合镀液优化及镀层性能

为改善连铸结晶器铜板表面镀层的性能,提高其使用寿命,向Ni-Co合金电镀液中添加平均粒径为20μm的CeO_(2)颗粒进行Ni-Co-CeO_(2)复合电镀。以镀层的显微硬度为指标,通过正交试验得到的较优配方为:NiSO_(4)·6H_(2)O 90 g/L,CoSO_(4)·7H_(2)O 18 g/L,C6H8O7·H_(2)O 110 g/L,CeO_(2)3 g/L。通过场发射扫描电镜(FE-SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)对比了Ni-Co合金镀层和Ni-Co-CeO_(2)复合镀层的表面和截面形貌、成分及相结构,并通过电化学分析和摩擦磨损试验对比了它们的耐蚀性和耐磨性。结果表明,Ni-Co-CeO_(2)复合镀层的显微硬度为663 HV,微观表面呈粗糙的胞状结构,整体致密、无微裂纹,耐蚀性和耐磨性远优于Ni-Co合金镀层。

Al-5Ti-1B加入速度对8079合金铸轧铝板坯组织及力学性能的影响

目的优化晶粒细化剂Al-5Ti-1B的加入速度,以改善8079铝合金铸轧板坯质量。方法用电解铝液配料直接铸轧生产8079铝合金铸轧板坯,采用光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和电子万能力学实验机等手段,研究了在晶粒细化剂Al-5Ti-1B加入速度(175、185、195、205 mm/min)不同时铝合金铸轧板坯显微组织和力学性能的变化规律,并对其影响机理进行了探讨。结果随着晶粒细化剂Al-5Ti-1B加入速度的增大,铸轧板坯晶粒尺寸先急剧减小后趋于平缓,其抗拉强度和断后伸长率先增大后减小。当加入速度为175 mm/min时,铸轧板坯晶粒尺寸约为110μm,其抗拉强度和断后伸长率分别为113.0 MPa和22%;当加入速度为185~195 mm/min时,铸轧板坯晶粒细小、分布均匀,尺寸为57~59μm,其抗拉强度不低于134.3MPa,断后伸长率不低于36.0%;当加入速度为205 mm/min时,铸轧板坯晶粒尺寸变化不大,尺寸约为56μm,但在基体组织中开始出现偏析聚集现象,力学性能急剧下降,抗拉强度仅为89.7 MPa,断后伸长率仅为16.7%。能谱检测结果表明,铸轧板坯夹杂缺陷主要由Ti、Al、O、Fe和Si等元素组成,夹杂缺陷的存在破坏了基体组织的连续性。结论当晶粒细化剂Al-5Ti-1B的加入速度为185~195 mm/min时,8079铝合金铸轧板坯具有更优的显微组织和力学性能。