An Approach to Continuous Approximation of Pareto Front Using Geometric Support Vector Regression for Multi-objective Optimization of Fermentation Process

The approaches to discrete approximation of Pareto front using multi-objective evolutionary algorithms have the problems of heavy computation burden, long running time and missing Pareto optimal points. In order to overcome these problems, an approach to continuous approximation of Pareto front using geometric support vector regression is presented. The regression model of the small size approximate discrete Pareto front is constructed by geometric support vector regression modeling and is described as the approximate continuous Pareto front. In the process of geometric support vector regression modeling, considering the distribution characteristic of Pareto optimal points, the separable augmented training sample sets are constructed by shifting original training sample points along multiple coordinated axes. Besides, an interactive decision-making(DM)procedure, in which the continuous approximation of Pareto front and decision-making is performed interactively, is designed for improving the accuracy of the preferred Pareto optimal point. The correctness of the continuous approximation of Pareto front is demonstrated with a typical multi-objective optimization problem. In addition,combined with the interactive decision-making procedure, the continuous approximation of Pareto front is applied in the multi-objective optimization for an industrial fed-batch yeast fermentation process. The experimental results show that the generated approximate continuous Pareto front has good accuracy and completeness. Compared with the multi-objective evolutionary algorithm with large size population, a more accurate preferred Pareto optimal point can be obtained from the approximate continuous Pareto front with less computation and shorter running time. The operation strategy corresponding to the final preferred Pareto optimal point generated by the interactive DM procedure can improve the production indexes of the fermentation process effectively.

Temporary Bearing Method in Construction of Continuous Beam Bridge Erected as Simply-Supported Beam

The present practice in Bangladesh for erection of girders is placing the girder directly on the bearing pad and joining the adjacent two spans in deck slab level by adopting expansion joints, as the bridges are presently designed as simply-supported beam bridge. The main disadvantage of this type of bridges is that, the seismic resistance is weak, and under the external force beyond the design range, the bridges are more likely to fall in danger because of failure in girders. Also they have expansion joints for each span, which affects the comfort of driving and the overall integrity of the bridge deck is poor [1]. Therefore, design and construction of the bridges have been revised to establish continuity between girders of two adjacent spans and transform the bridge as simply supported continuous beam bridge [2]. Temporary bearing (sandbox) method is proposed in this paper to solve the system transformation of continuous beam bridges. Design of the temporary bearing is very simple and can be manufactured at site. This method has been proved in construction of Arial Kha Bridge and can be applied for other similar bridges in Bangladesh.

On Continuous Programming with Support Functions

A second-order Mond-Weir type dual problem is formulated for a class of continuous programming problems in which both objective and constraint functions contain support functions;hence it is nondifferentiable. Under second-order strict pseudoinvexity, second-order pseudoinvexity and second-order quasi-invexity assumptions on functionals, weak, strong, strict converse and converse duality theorems are established for this pair of dual continuous programming problems. Special cases are deduced and a pair of dual continuous problems with natural boundary values is constructed. A close relationship between the duality results of our problems and those of the corresponding (static) nonlinear programming problem with support functions is briefly outlined.

Second-Order Duality for Continuous Programming Containing Support Functions

A second-order dual problem is formulated for a class of continuous programming problem in which both objective and constrained functions contain support functions, hence it is nondifferentiable. Under second-order invexity and second-order pseudoinvexity, weak, strong and converse duality theorems are established for this pair of dual problems. Special cases are deduced and a pair of dual continuous problems with natural boundary values is constructed. A close relationship between duality results of our problems and those of the corresponding (static) nonlinear programming problem with support functions is briefly outlined.

An Algorithm for Idle-State Detection and Continuous Classifier Design in Motor-Imagery-Based BCI

Abstract-The development of asynchronous brain-computer interface （BCI） based on motor imagery （M1） poses the research in algorithms for detecting the nontask states （i.e., idle state） and the design of continuous classifiers that classify continuously incoming electroencephalogram （EEG） samples. An algorithm is proposed in this paper which integrates two two-class classifiers to detect idle state and utilizes a sliding window to achieve continuous outputs. The common spatial pattern （CSP） algorithm is used to extract features of EEG signals and the linear support vector machine （SVM） is utilized to serve as classifier. The algorithm is applied on dataset IVb of BCI competition Ⅲ, with a resulting mean square error of 0.66. The result indicates that the proposed algorithm is feasible in the first step of the development of asynchronous systems.

Outcomes of continuous flow ventricular assist devices

Heart transplantation is commonplace, the supply is limited. Many exciting changes in the field of mechanical circulatory support have occurred in the past few years, including the axial flow pump. Left ventricular assist device(LVAD) therapy is ever evolving. As the use of LVAD therapy increases it is important to understand the indications, surgical considerations and outcomes.

Factors influencing self-efficacy in breastfeeding support among public health nurses in Japan

This study investigated self-efficacy in breastfeeding support among public health nurses (PHNs) working at maternal and child health (MCH) services in Japanese municipalities, and its related factors such as education, working experience, breastfeeding experience, and postgraduate/continuous education. Directors of the MCH divisions were requested to select one PHN to answer the self-report questionnaires sent. The questionnaires were collected from October 2010 to January 2011. Of the 1750 questionnaires sent, 831 were returned (response rate: 47.5%);102 were excluded from analysis because of missing data (valid response rate: 41.7%). After adjusting the weights of PHN sampling and collection rates by prefecture and population size, Model 1 of the multiple regression analysis showed that the self-efficacy in breastfeeding support was significantly higher in large/urban municipalities (β = 0.13) and in the Kanto district. Model 2 revealed that self-efficacy was significantly associated with working experience (β = 0.13) and breastfeeding experience (β = 0.22) but not with educational background. Model 3 showed that self-efficacy was significantly associated with postgraduate education (β = 0.14) and continuous education (β = 0.12). This suggested that PHNs’ self-efficacy increased through self-enrichment. It is necessary to create training opportunities about breastfeeding support for PHNs—especially those working in remote and/or small municipalities— and to provide them with new and important information.

基于主线不停运的城轨支线独立运营改造方案

研究目的:针对大型铁路枢纽接入已运营轨道交通线路引起的既有线改造问题,为满足铁路枢纽与轨道交通连接线(支线)施工期间主线正常运营不受影响,对改造涉及的运营组织与接轨方案进行系统研究,并对土建、轨道、接触网、环网与动照、信号、综合监控与通信系统等的改造及影响进行深入研究,在统筹考虑实施难度、投资与工期的基础上,提出实施风险最小、技术最合理的改造方案。研究结论:(1)既有高架车站与区间改造影响范围较小且相对可控,可以实现主线正常运营情况下新建独立运营支线工程;(2)为最大程度保障主线运营不受影响,在现有技术水平条件下,应尽量避免在运营天窗期进行各类信号光电缆的割接;(3)支线独立运营方案,应尽量采取措施将新建支线与主线相连、轨道相通,以利于车辆检修与维保,并增加运营的灵活性;(4)桥梁浇筑与平移施工临近既有线,实施阶段应进一步完善工艺衔接与交叉施工统筹,增加既有线安全保障;(5)本研究结论可为类似工程提供参考。

钢-混凝土组合简支桥面连续结构横向应力分析

针对钢-混组合简支梁桥的桥面连续结构开裂等病害,围绕桥面连接板的横桥向应力问题,采用线弹性理论和板的偏微分方程进行分析,得出了桥面连接板挠度和应力的分布函数,建立非线性有限元模型,并进行实桥荷载试验.通过比较理论解、有限元解和实测试验结果,证实了理论解和有限元的有效性.根据得到的分布函数,发现横桥向和纵桥向上的最大拉应力出现在钢梁端部位置的连接板的上缘.此外,还分析了连接板区域尺寸变化对横桥向应力峰值的影响,包括纵梁端部距支座的长度、纵梁的间距以及连接板区域整体尺寸变化.结果表明:较小的纵梁间距和较长的纵梁端部与支撑之间的距离会导致连接板中的横向拉应力峰值增加,并提高横向拉应力在总应力中的占比,从而导致桥面连接板早于设计荷载开裂.因此对于纵梁间距较小、梁端长度较长的钢-混组合简支梁桥桥面连续结构,仅计算其纵桥向受力性能会导致计算结果偏危险,建议按照本文方法考虑横桥向应力对桥面连接板的影响.

甘溪特大桥空腹三角区施工阶段受力分析

甘溪特大桥是主跨300 m的空腹式连续刚构桥,空腹三角区上弦箱梁采用可伸缩部分立柱后支配合挂篮悬浇,下弦箱梁采用全斜拉扣挂法配合挂篮悬浇。为分析采用该施工方法在三角区临时结构体系中的受力特性,总结三角区临时结构体系施工过程中受力变化规律,验证施工方法的有效性,并提出临时扣索和支撑立柱的最佳解除时机,采用有限元结构分析软件模拟全桥施工过程。结果表明:采用该工法施工,结构受力满足规范要求。三角区施工过程中,已施工的上、下弦箱梁以受压为主,受下一节段混凝土浇筑、立柱支顶、扣索张拉等工序影响,其间会出现短暂轻微受拉状态。三角区合龙完成时,箱梁截面以受压为主,局部存在轻微受拉。全桥合龙后三角区箱梁为全受压状态,较三角区合龙状态压应力增加明显。临时扣索、立柱拆除后,上、下弦箱梁出现了明显的应力重分布,但仍为全受压状态。临时扣索索力峰值均出现在三角区合龙完成前,三角区合龙后总体呈下降趋势,临近拆除前有所回升。后方临时立柱在施工过程中支撑力总体呈下降趋势,前方立柱呈上升趋势,临近拆除前立柱支撑力增幅均较大。经比选,推荐全桥合龙后先拆立柱、再拆扣索。

特厚煤层沿空掘巷围岩支卸协同控制技术

针对特厚煤层小煤柱沿空掘巷大范围塑性全煤巷道锚网索的支护难题,以塔山煤矿8204-2小煤柱工作面为工程背景,采用现场实测、理论分析等方法,揭示了锚杆、锚索对沿空大范围塑性全煤巷道的支护机理。锚杆支护主要作用于浅部二次破碎区煤体,形成浅部连续承载结构;锚索主要作用于深部处于三向受力状态的稳定煤体,形成更大范围的连续稳定承载结构;进一步明确了锚杆、锚索有效长度的计算方法,形成了以高预紧力、高强“锚-网-索”支护为基础,以坚硬顶板井下磨料水射流切顶卸压、巷帮大直径钻孔卸压、底板卸压槽卸压为辅的“支卸协同”小煤柱沿空巷道围岩控制技术体系。工程应用结果表明,试验巷道围岩最大变形量小于700 mm,能够满足使用要求。

以奥马哈系统为理论依据的延续性护理在膀胱癌尿路造口患者中的应用效果

目的探讨在膀胱癌尿路造口患者中采取以奥马哈系统为理论依据的延续性护理的应用效果。方法选取2022年9月至2023年6月右江民族医学院附属医院收治的48例膀胱癌患者作为研究对象,采用随机数字表法将其分为对照组(24例)和观察组(24例)。对照组患者接受常规护理,观察组患者接受以奥马哈系统为理论依据的延续性护理,两组均持续护理观察3个月。比较两组患者心理状态、支持性照顾需求、并发症发生率以及生活质量。结果观察组护理后的焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)评分均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组护理后的支持性照顾需求量表(SCNS-SF34)评分、生活质量评分均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组并发症总发生率(8.33%)低于对照组(33.33%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论以奥马哈系统为理论依据的延续性护理可为膀胱癌尿路造口患者提供相应的照顾需求,有效减轻患者消极情绪,降低并发症发生率,从而提升患者生活质量。

肝癌行免疫治疗患者延续护理需求的质性研究

目的了解肝癌行免疫治疗患者延续护理需求,为临床制定延续照护策略提供参考。方法采用描述性质性研究,通过目的抽样法选取17例接受免疫治疗的肝癌患者进行半结构式深度访谈,并应用内容分析法进行资料分析和主题提炼。结果共提炼出4个主题和14个亚主题:缓解躯体不适需求(消化系统不适症状、皮肤不适症状、全身性不适症状和神经系统不适症状),健康生活方式指导需求(饮食指导需求、康复锻炼指导需求、睡眠促进需求和免疫疗法相关信息支持需求),社会心理支持需求(家庭支持需求、社会参与需求、情绪自我调适需求),社会资源支持需求(降低经济负担需求、社区卫生资源支持需求、多渠道延续照护需求)。结论肝癌免疫治疗患者延续护理服务需求较高,且需求呈现个体化及多样性特征。医护人员需重视患者症状管理,加强健康生活方式宣教,关注患者负性心理和社会参与度,结合患者延续护理需求构建并实施供需匹配的延续照护方案。

孟加拉38 m简支梁桥墩纵向水平刚度限值研究

研究目的:孟加拉帕德玛大桥铁路连接线为“一带一路”重点工程项目之一,在高架桥上铺设跨区间无砟轨道无缝线路,且高架桥主要采用38 m混凝土简支箱梁。为指导孟加拉38 m混凝土简支箱梁桥上无缝线路及桥墩设计,建立轨道-桥梁-墩台一体化仿真分析模型,研究桥墩纵向水平刚度对无缝线路力学性能的影响规律,基于钢轨强度、梁轨相对位移和钢轨断缝限值,提出满足38 m混凝土简支箱梁桥上无缝线路铺设的桥墩纵向水平刚度限值。研究结论:(1)钢轨伸缩力和挠曲力随桥墩纵向水平刚度的增大而增大,钢轨制动力、梁轨相对位移和钢轨断缝值均随桥墩纵向水平刚度的增大而减小;(2)采用UIC规范参数时,桥墩纵向水平刚度限值受梁轨相对位移控制;(3)采用中国规范参数时,桥墩纵向水平刚度限值受钢轨强度、梁轨相对位移、钢轨温度变化幅度和机车牵引类型共同控制;(4)采用UIC规范时的桥墩纵向水平刚度限值小于中国规范的规定值,综合考虑钢轨强度、梁轨相对位移、机车牵引类型的影响,钢轨温度变化幅度分别为50℃、40℃和30℃,采用UIC规范时,建议38 m混凝土简支箱梁的桥墩纵向水平刚度限值取200 kN/cm;采用中国规范时,建议38 m混凝土简支箱梁的桥墩纵向水平刚度限值取550、250和250 kN/cm;(5)本研究成果可为相关客货共线铁路混凝土简支箱梁桥上无缝线路及桥墩设计提供参考和借鉴。

小半径曲线简支梁桥上有轨电车嵌入式轨道无缝线路研究

为研究小半径曲线简支梁桥上有轨电车嵌入式轨道无缝线路的力学特性,根据梁轨纵向和横向相互作用原理,采用有限元法建立三维曲线简支梁桥上嵌入式轨道无缝线路模型,详细分析了钢轨温度、曲线半径、高分子材料纵向阻力和横向刚度对钢轨和桥梁纵、横向受力和变形的影响规律。结果表明:(1)钢轨温度的增加会显著加剧伸缩工况中梁轨横向相互作用,故在进行小半径曲线桥上无缝线路设计时,需要考虑钢轨温度对桥墩横向受力的影响;(2)随着曲线半径的增加,钢轨伸缩力和梁轨纵向相对位移逐渐增加,梁轨横向相对位移和桥梁墩台横向受力则呈现整体减小的变化趋势;(3)当曲线半径大于300 m时,梁轨纵、横向相互作用与直线模型的计算结果逐渐趋于一致;(4)降低高分子材料纵向阻力可以显著减小桥梁墩台纵向和横向受力,对无缝线路力学特性而言,高分子材料横向刚度不是一个十分敏感的参数;(5)曲线半径对伸缩工况和断轨工况的影响较为显著,而对挠曲工况和制动工况的影响相对较小;(6)采用直线模型的计算结果进行钢轨强度和断缝值检算是偏安全的,但在检算小半径曲线地段桥梁墩台横向受力时需要采用曲线模型。

先简支后桥面板连续体系桥面板抗裂性能研究

先简支后桥面板连续体系是一种新型钢混组合结构,在该体系的中支点处设置一定长度的钢梁-混凝土桥面板分离段,可以改善桥面板负弯矩区的受力状态。目前对于该体系桥面板负弯矩区这一薄弱环节的试验研究尚属空白。本研究首先根据实际一座先简支后桥面板连续的钢混组合梁桥,设计制作了两跨1/4比例的缩尺模型,并通过安装、拆除带套筒剪力钉对中支点处的分离段长度进行调节。然后通过在两跨桥面上模拟单轮重轴荷载进行逐点加载试验,研究了分离段长度对桥面板受力状态和抗裂性能的影响。最后对原桥的抗裂性能进行了分析。结果表明,中支点处设置分离段的先简支后桥面板连续体系可显著改善结构的抗裂性能。本研究有助于推广先简支后桥面板连续体系在钢混组合结构中的应用、推动桥梁结构预制装配技术的发展。

乳腺癌患者使用移动医疗工具质性研究的Meta整合

目的系统整合乳腺癌患者使用移动医疗工具的体验和感受,为研发更符合患者需求的移动医疗工具提供参考。方法在Web of Science、PubMed、Cochrane Library、Embase、中国知网、万方数据、维普网检索关于乳腺癌患者使用移动医疗工具的质性研究,检索时限为建库至2024年3月,按照JBI质性研究质量评价标准进行文献质量评价,采用汇集性整合法对结果进行整合。结果共纳入12篇文献,提炼出70个明确的研究结果,将相似的研究结果归纳形成11个新类别,最终得出3个整合结果:乳腺癌患者使用移动医疗工具的有益体验;影响乳腺癌患者使用移动医疗工具的因素;乳腺癌患者使用移动医疗工具的期望。结论乳腺癌患者对移动医疗工具的使用体验较好,但也从功能设计、信息支持、社会支持等方面提出多样化的需求。医护人员及研发人员需关注患者在使用移动医疗工具过程中的体验和感受,完善相关配套支持体系,以帮助患者实现自我管理。

简支转连续钢-混组合梁负弯矩区连接构造受力性能试验研究

以国内某座简支转连续钢-混组合梁桥工程为依托,设计了两根负弯矩区具有混凝土横梁连续段的试验梁SCB-1和SCB-2,针对不同荷载作用下两根梁的受力性能进行室内试验研究,同时就试验过程中的构件扭转现象进行了有限元分析。结果表明:极限荷载下试验梁破坏模式为钢筋先屈服,负弯矩区横梁连接栓钉受力约为220MPa,满足使用要求,试验梁裂缝主要集中在横梁中线两侧1/5~1/3计算跨径范围内,是构件抗裂的关键区域;构件设计过程中应尽量避免偏载和不均匀支撑的共同作用;扭转现象使得构件整体受力性能降低约20%,实际工程中建议增加横向连接刚度。

简支转连续钢-混组合梁桥负弯矩区设计及工程应用

以国内某座简支转连续钢-混组合梁桥为依托,提出了一种简支转连续结构负弯矩区构造设计方案。采用有限元分析和实桥试验相结合的方法,对简支转连续钢-混组合梁桥负弯矩区的受力性能进行分析,验证了该构造设计的可行性,最后就负弯矩区改善开裂的措施进行了探讨。研究结果表明,对于钢-混组合连续梁桥,简支转连续的施工方法与焊接连续施工方法相比,可减小墩顶负弯矩;承载能力极限状态时,负弯矩区混凝土最大裂缝宽度满足规范要求;桥面板钢筋直径以及混凝土自身力学特性是影响负弯矩区开裂的关键因素,适当加大桥面板钢筋直径、采用超高性能混凝土可以有效减小简支转连续钢-混组合梁桥负弯矩区混凝土的开裂;顶升支座法可以在一定程度上减小墩顶负弯矩,对控制开裂有利。

饱和复杂场地效应对大跨连续梁桥地震响应影响的研究

我国沿海地区大量大跨桥梁位于饱和复杂场地,此类场地通常存在土饱和特性、起伏地形、上覆水层,其对地震波的散射效应将导致地震动空间变化,然而目前缺乏针对此类场地条件的实测地震记录。针对此问题,本文建立了适用于饱和复杂场地大跨桥梁抗震分析的多点地震动模拟方法。首先,基于边界元法求解饱和复杂场地地震动传递函数;然后采用谱表示法生成空间变化人工地震动加速度时程;最后,以五跨连续梁桥为例,开展大跨桥梁地震响应分析,研究局部场地效应、动水压力效应对大跨连续梁桥地震响应的影响规律。结果表明,饱和复杂场地地震动加速度峰值表现出明显的空间变化特性,多点输入可导致饱和场地中地震动峰值加速度放大2~3倍,进而引起墩顶位移较一致地震作用结果增大95%~110%;动水压力可引起墩顶位移、墩底内力增大34%、29%。饱和复杂场地大跨桥梁抗震分析时忽略场地条件对地震动、桥梁地震响应的影响偏于不安全。